Exercise 6: Bone Tissue
Cancel
-
+
Multiple choice & true/false study questions for BIOL 2011L. Exercise Six: Bone TissueBe sure to read the question thoroughly so you will remember them in class! Questions with an * have explanations. Click the view results button after you've answered the question for a detailed explanation of the answer. This quiz is meant to be a learning assistant to Laboratory Exercises in Anatomy and Physiology by Robert J. Amitrano & Gerard Tortora. Please keep in mind that though I try to make sure all my answers are correct there is a small possibility that some may be wrong. If you see this please send me a message at [email protected] Com.
- 1.
- A.
Bone or osseous tissue, mesothelium, dense connective tissue, epithelium, adipose tissue, and nervous tissue.
- B.
Bone or osseous tissue, cartilage, dense connective tissue, epithelium, adipose tissue, and nervous tissue.
- C.
Bone or osseous tissue, cartilage, dense connective tissue, keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, adipose tissue, and nervous tissue.
- D.
Bone or osseous tissue, cartilage, dense connective tissue, epithelium, adipose tissue, and nervous tissue.
- 2.The entire framework of bones and their cartilages together constitute the skeletal system.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 3.While histology is the study of tissues, osteology is the study of bone structure and the treatment of bone disorders.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 4.
- A.
Support, protection, assistance in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, adipose tissue production.
- B.
Support, protection, cartilage production, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, triglyceride storage.
- C.
Support, protection, assistance in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, glucose storage.
- D.
Support, protection, assistance in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, triglyceride storage.
- 5.Consists of developing blood cells, adipocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages:
- A.
Osteoblasts
- B.
Red bone marrow
- C.
Spongy bone tissue
- D.
Yellow bone marrow
- 6.Yellow bone marrow consists of mostly adipose cells.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 7.
- A.
Diphysis, epiphysis, metaphysis, articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary, and endosteum.
- B.
Diphysis, osteocytes, metaphysis, articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary, and endosteum.
- C.
Diphysis, epiphysis, metaphysis, articular cartilage, periosteum, spongy bone tissue, and endosteum.
- D.
Diphysis, epiphysis, metaphysis, articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary, and trabeculae.
- 8.The epiphyseal plate is a thin layer of cartilage covering the epiphysis*
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 9.
- A.
Epiphysis
- B.
Endosteum
- C.
Disphysis
- D.
Articular cartilage
- 10.The distal or proximal ends of the bone are:
- A.
Medullary
- B.
Periosteum
- C.
Diphysis
- D.
Epiphysis
- 11.In the mature bone, the region where the diaphysis joins the epiphysis is:
- A.
Diaphysis
- B.
Metaphysis
- C.
Periosteum
- D.
Endosteum
- 12.Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation (joint) with another bone is:
- A.
Medullary
- B.
Epiphysis
- C.
Articular cartilage
- D.
Periosteum
- 13.A tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by articular cartilage. It functions in bone growth, assists in fracture repair, protects the bone, helps nourish bone tissue, and serves as an attachment site for tendons and ligaments and is called:
- A.
Periosteum
- B.
Metaphysis
- C.
Endosteum
- D.
Medullary
- 14.The space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow in adults is the marrow cavity or the:
- A.
Diaphysis
- B.
Medullary
- C.
Endosteum
- D.
Epiphysis
- 15.A thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity, contains a single layer of bone forming cells, and a small amount of connective tissue is:
- A.
Endosteum
- B.
Metaphysis
- C.
Articular cartilage
- D.
Periosteum
- 16.Bone tissue, like other connective tissues, contains an abundant matrix of intercellular materials that surrounds widely separated cells. Unlike other connective tissues, the matrix of bone is very hard.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 17.The hardness of bone results from the presence of inorganic mineral salts, mainly:
- A.
Lacunae
- B.
Hydroxyapatite
- C.
Endosteum
- D.
Canaliculi
- 18.Despite it's hardness, bone is also flexible, a characteristic that enables it to resist various forces. The flexibility of bone depends upon it's collagen fibers. Collagen fibers compose about 50% of the weight of bone. The remaining 50% of the bone matrix is water.*
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 19.The cells in bone tissue include:
- A.
Osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and articular cartilage.
- B.
Osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, lacunae, and osteoclasts.
- C.
Osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.
- D.
Osteology, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.
- 20.Unspecialized stem cells that are derived from mesenchyme, the tissue from which almost all connective tissues are formed. They are the only bone cells to undergo cell divisions; the resulting cells develop into osteoblasts are called:
- A.
Osteoclasts
- B.
Osteocytes
- C.
Osteoblasts
- D.
Osteogenic cells
- 21.Bone building cells that synthesize and secrete collagen fibers and other organic components needed to build the extracellular matrix of bone tissue, and initiate calcification are:
- A.
Osteogenic cells
- B.
Osteoblasts
- C.
Osteocytes
- D.
Osteoclasts
- 22.Mature bone cells that are the main cells in the bone tissue and maintain it's daily metabolism, such as the exchange of nutrients and wastes with the blood are:
- A.
Osteocytes
- B.
Osteoclasts
- C.
Osteoblasts
- D.
Osteogenic cells
- 23.Depending on the size and distribution of spaces between it's hard components, the regions of a bone may be categorized as compact or spongy.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 24.Bone tissue that contains few spaces and forms the external layer of all bones of the body and the bulk of the diaphysis of long bones is:
- A.
Osteons
- B.
Spongy bone tissue
- C.
Endosteum
- D.
Compact bone tissue
- 25.Compact bone tissue contains red bone marrow.*
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 26.Compact bone tissue is arranged in microscopic units called ________ or haversian systems.
- A.
Hydroxyapatite
- B.
Osteons
- C.
Endosteum
- D.
Trabeculae
- 27.Bone tissue which contains many large spaces, composes most of the bone tissue of short, flat, and irregulary shaped bones and most of the epiphysis of long bones is:
- A.
Compact bone tissue
- B.
Osteons
- C.
Spongy bone tissue
- D.
Endosteum
- 28.An irregular latticework of thin columns of bone that are microscopic units of spongy bone tissue:
- A.
Hydroxyapatite
- B.
Haversian systems
- C.
Trabeculae
- D.
Concentric lamellae
- 29.Circular canal in the center of an osteon (haversian system) that runs longitudinally through the bone; the canal contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves is a
- A.
Central (haversian) canal
- B.
Concentric Lamellae
- C.
Lacunae
- D.
Canaliculi
- 30.Rings of hard, calcified matrix are:
- A.
Osteocyte
- B.
Lacunae
- C.
Concentric Lamellae
- D.
Central (haversian) canal
- 31.Small spaces between lamellae which contain osteocytes are:
- A.
Central (haversian) canal
- B.
Canaliculi
- C.
Osteon
- D.
Lacunae
- 32.Minute channels that radiate in all directions from the lacunae and interconnect with each other and the central canals; contain slender processes of osteocytes; canaliculi provide routes for nutrients and oxygen to reach osteocytes and for wastes to diffuse away.
- A.
Osteon (haversian system)
- B.
Canaliculi
- C.
Central (haversian) canal
- D.
Lacunae
- 33.Mature bone cells located within a lacuna are:
- A.
Concentric Lamellae
- B.
Osteon (haversian system)
- C.
Canaliculi
- D.
Osteocyte
- 34.Microscopic structural units of compact bone made up of a central (haversian) canal plus it's surrounding lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, an osteocytes are:
- A.
Osteon (haversian system)
- B.
Central (haversian) canal
- C.
Concentric lamellae
- D.
Lacunae
- 35.Canals that extend from the periosteum and contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves; they extend into the central (haversian) canals, medullary cavity, and periosteum are:
- A.
Canaliculi
- B.
Perforating (Volkmann's) canals
- C.
Concentric Lamellae
- D.
Central (haversian) canal
- 36.Endochondral ossification refers to the formation of bone directly within mesenchyme arranged in a sheetlike layers that resemble membranes. Such bones form directly from mesenchyme without first going through a cartilage stage. The flat bones of the skull and mandible (lower jawbone) form by this process. Also, the fontanels ("soft spots") of the fetal skull are replaced by bone via intranmembranous ossification.*
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 37.Intramembranous ossification refers to the formation of bone within hyaline cartilage. In this process, mesenchyme is transformed into chondroblasts which produce a hyaline cartilage matrix that is gradually replaced by bone. Most bones of the body form by this process.*
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 38.Intramembrane ossification and endochondral ossification are two kinds of ossification that do not lead to differences in the gross structure of mature bones. They are simply different methods of bone formation. Both mechanisms involve the replacement of a preexisting connective tissue with bone.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 39.The first stage in the development of bone is the migration of the embryonic mesenchymal cells into the area where bone formation is about to begin. These cells increase in number and size and become osteogenic cells. In some skeletal structures where capillaries are lacking, they become chondroblasts; in others where capillaries are present, they become osteoblasts.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 40.The osteoblasts are responsible for cartilage formation. Chondroblasts form bone tissue by intramembranous or endochondral ossification.*
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 41.During childhood, bones thoroughout the body grow in thickness by appositional growth (deposition of matrix on the surface), and long bones lengthen by interstitial growth:(the addition of bone material on the diaphyseal plate). Growth in length of bones normally ceases by age 21, although bones may continue to thicken.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 42.A layer of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of growing bone that consists of four zones is the:
- A.
Zone of calcified cartilage
- B.
Epiphyseal plate
- C.
Zone of resting cartilage
- D.
Zone of proliferating cartilage
- 43.The zone nearest the epiphysis that consists of small, scattered chondrocytes is the:*
- A.
Zone of proliferating cartilage
- B.
Zone of calcified cartilage
- C.
Zone of resting cartilage
- D.
Epiphyseal plate
- 44.The zone that consists of slightly larger chondrocytes arranged like stacks of coins are:
- A.
Hypertonic cartilage
- B.
Zone of resting cartilage
- C.
Zone of proliferating cartilage
- D.
Zone of calcified cartilage
- 45.The zone that consists of even larger chondrocytes that are also arranged in columns is the:
- A.
Zone of calcified cartilage
- B.
Zone of hypertrophic cartilage
- C.
Zone of resting cartilage
- D.
Zone of proliferating cartilage
- 46.The zone that is only a few cells thick and consists mostly of dead chondrocytes because the matrix around them has calcified is the:
- A.
Zone of calcified cartilage
- B.
Zone of hypertrophic cartilage
- C.
Zone of proliferating cartilage
- D.
Zone of resting cartilage
- 47.The epiphyseal cartilage cells stop dividing and bone replaces the cartilage. The newly formed bony structure is called epiphyseal line.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 48.A fracture is any break in a bone.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 49.The fractured ends of a bone can be reduced (aligned to their normal positions) by manipulation without surgery. This procedure is called open reduction.*
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 50.A fracture that must be exposed by surgery before the break can be rejoined is a procedure called open reduction.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 51.Bones that have greater length than width, consist of a shaft and a variable number of extremeties (ends) are called:Examples: thigh (femur), leg (tibia and fibula), arm (humerus), forearm (radius and ulna), and finger and toe (phalanges).
- A.
Long
- B.
Short
- C.
Flat
- D.
Irregular
- 52.Bones that are somewhat cube-shaped, nearly equal in length and width are:Examples: wrist bones and ankle bones.
- A.
Flat
- B.
Long
- C.
Sesamoid
- D.
Short
- 53.Bones that are generally thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone tissue enclosing a layer of spongy bone tissue are:Example: sternum (breastbone), ribs, and scapulae (shoulder blades).
- A.
Short
- B.
Long
- C.
Irregular
- D.
Flat
- 54.Bones that are very complex in shape; cannot be grouped into the long, short, or flat category are:Example: vertebrae, some facial bones, and calcaneus.
- A.
Sesamoid
- B.
Flat
- C.
Long
- D.
Irregular
- 55.Bones that are shaped like a sesame seed; small bones that develop in tendons and are variable in number are:Example: paired patellae (kneecaps).
- A.
Sesamoid
- B.
Irregular
- C.
Flat
- D.
Short
- 56.Sutural bones are small bones in sutures between certain cranial bones.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 57.The surfaces of bones contain various structural features that have specific functions. These features are called bone surface markings.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Back to top
