Chapter 6: Bone Tissue

Explanation
The hard outer layer of bone tissue is known as cortical bone. This layer is dense and provides strength and protection to the bone. Compact bone refers to the dense, hard layer of bone tissue found beneath the periosteum. Cardinal bone and crip bone are not recognized terms in relation to bone anatomy.

Explanation
The hard exterior of the bone is called the cortex.

Explanation
Cortical bone gives the bone a smooth, white, and solid appearance. Cortical bone, also known as compact bone, is the dense outer layer of bone that provides strength and protection. It is composed of tightly packed layers of bone tissue, which gives it a smooth and solid appearance. This type of bone is found in the shafts of long bones and the outer layers of all bones in the body.

Explanation
The cortical bone holds approximately 80% of the total bone mass in an adult human skeleton. This type of bone is dense and compact, forming the outer layer of the bone. It provides strength, support, and protection to the skeleton. The remaining 20% of the bone mass is made up of trabecular bone, which is spongy and found at the ends of long bones and in the vertebrae.

Explanation
An osteon is the correct answer because it refers to the multiple microscopic columns found in a bone. These columns are arranged in a circular pattern and are responsible for providing strength and support to the bone structure. Each osteon consists of concentric layers of bone tissue called lamellae, which surround a central canal that contains blood vessels and nerves. The osteons work together to form the compact bone, giving it its characteristic strength and resilience.

Explanation
The cancellous bone is also called spongy bone. This type of bone tissue has a porous and honeycomb-like structure, with small spaces filled with bone marrow. It is found at the ends of long bones, in the pelvic bones, ribs, and in the vertebrae. The spongy bone provides structural support and helps to reduce the weight of the skeleton.

Explanation
Trabecular bone is also known as spongy bone. It is a type of bone tissue that is found at the ends of long bones, in the vertebrae, and in the flat bones of the skull. It has a porous and honeycomb-like structure, with interconnected spaces filled with bone marrow. This type of bone provides support and strength to the skeleton while also allowing for flexibility and shock absorption.

Explanation
Spongy bone is the correct answer because it is the internal tissue of the skeletal bone. Spongy bone, also known as cancellous bone, is found at the ends of long bones and inside the vertebrae. It has a spongy or porous structure, with trabeculae forming a network of spaces filled with bone marrow. This type of bone tissue provides support and strength to the bone while also allowing for the storage of bone marrow, which produces blood cells.

Explanation
Spongy bone is an open cell porous network because it has a lattice-like structure with numerous spaces filled with bone marrow. These spaces allow for the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products between the blood vessels and bone cells. This porous network also provides flexibility and reduces the overall weight of the bone while maintaining its strength.

Explanation
Hematopoiesis is the correct answer because it refers to the process of blood cell production in the bone tissue. This process involves the differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells into various types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Hematopoiesis occurs primarily in the bone marrow, although it can also occur in other organs during certain conditions.