AP Molecular Genetics Review

28 Questions | By JLovrien | Updated: Aug 2, 2022 | Attempts: 58

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1.

In nature, the purpose of restriction enzymes is to
- A.
  
  Protect the bacterium from virus attack by not allowing the virus to attach to the cell wall.
- B.
  
  Protect the bacterium from the DNA of other organisms the bacterium infects.
- C.
  
  Protect the bacterium from replicating its DNA at the wrong time.
- D.
  
  Protect the bacterium from virus attack by cutting up foreign DNA.
2.

Restriction enzymes
- A.
  
  Bind together strands of DNA.
- B.
  
  Bind RNA fragments together.
- C.
  
  Cut DNA at specific sites.
- D.
  
  Stop transcription.
3.

DNA ligase binds
- A.
  
  Introns together.
- B.
  
  Exons together.
- C.
  
  Polymerase to the promoter.
- D.
  
  Nucleotides together.
4.

Based upon the picture provided, which of these are most likely to be true.
- A.
  
  The defendant may be not guilty. The recovered blood has too many bands.
- B.
  
  The defendant may be not guilty. The defendant's blood has one band not seen in the blood sample from the clothes.
- C.
  
  The defendant may be guilty. The bands from the blood on the clothes matches with the ones from the victim's blood.
- D.
  
  The defendant is may be guilty. The defendant's blood has one band not seen in the blood sample from the clothes.
5.

A vector is
- A.
  
  Used to carry foreign genes or DNA fragments.
- B.
  
  Divided by the charge of the DNA.
- C.
  
  Carries restriction enzymes to their restriction sites.
- D.
  
  Only used in matching DNA samples.
6.

What is the goal of transcription?
- A.
  
  To make ribosomes
- B.
  
  To make DNA
- C.
  
  To make a copy of DNA using mRNA
7.

If you have a strand of DNA with the nitrogen bases of T A G G C A T C A, what would the mRNA look like?
- A.
  
  A U C G C T A G T
- B.
  
  A U G G C T T C A
- C.
  
  A U C C G U A G U
8.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) can be best described as:
- A.
  
  A really cool way of rewriting RNA
- B.
  
  The atom that carries information to an RNA template
- C.
  
  A short lived RNA molecule that carries encoded information, transcribed from DNA.
- D.
  
  A chromosome that is only present in prokaryotes and is involved in DNA synthesis
- E.
  
  A molecule that has no life and is basically the news reporter of the cellular environment.
9.

A gene is:
- A.
  
  A piece of clothing that is placed upon the bipedal legs of human.
- B.
  
  A chromosome carrier
- C.
  
  A section of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule.
- D.
  
  A regulatory sequence
- E.
  
  An exon
10.

What type of bond forms between complementary base pairs?
- A.
  
  Hydrogen
- B.
  
  Covalent
- C.
  
  Ionic
- D.
  
  Interkinetic
- E.
  
  Philial
11.

What does PCR stand for?
- A.
  
  Pretty Crazy Racoon
- B.
  
  Protein Catalyse Reaction
- C.
  
  Polymerase Chain Reaction
- D.
  
  Phosopholipid Chitin Reasoning
12.

The lac operon of E. coli is transcribed when:
- A.
  
  Lactose is present.
- B.
  
  Repressor protein is bound to the operator.
- C.
  
  Allolactose binds to the promoter.
- D.
  
  All of the above.
13.

The diagram below represents Griffith's experiment on mice. Which of the following would be a logical conclusion to this experiment?
- A.
  
  The rough strain of bacteria is deadly after all.
- B.
  
  The rough strain of bacteria must have mutated to become deadly.
- C.
  
  Something inside the bacteria has the ability to instruct and control what the bacteria does. Therefore, changing a bacteria's behaviors if engulfed by that bacteria.
- D.
  
  Proteins inside the bacteria must have a transforming ability.
14.

The following diagram represents what Hershey and Chase experimented in the 1950's. Which of the following hypotheses did they test and confirm? (make sure all the hypothesis is a true hypothesis first!)
- A.
  
  If DNA is truly the hereditary material emitted into the bacteria, then radioactively marked DNA will show up in the bacteria, not in the external liquid following the virus' activity.
- B.
  
  If a relationship exists between a virus' DNA and protein, then marking the protein with radioactive material will help identify the bacteria's life cycle.
- C.
  
  If a relationship exists between DNA and its ability to be transmitted, then tracking the DNA with radioactive material will note how the bacteria was changed in the mice.
- D.
  
  Protein and DNA could possibly be related to hereditary behaviors and therefore, marking each one will help identify which one causes the bacteria to be transformed.
15.

Because one original strand of the double-stranded helix is found in each daughter cell, the replication process is called
- A.
  
  Proofreading.
- B.
  
  Semiconservative.
- C.
  
  Redundant.
- D.
  
  Freeing of DNA.
- E.
  
  Mutation positive.
16.

Where does post-translational control take place?
- A.
  
  Nucleus
- B.
  
  Cytoplasm
17.

To start the transciption process a large molecule ___, recognizes a _____.
- A.
  
  DNA polymerase; messenger RNA
- B.
  
  RNA polymerase; promoter site
- C.
  
  RNA polymerase: messenger RNA
- D.
  
  DNA polymerase; promoter site
18.

Deletions and Substitutions are two types of point mutation. Which type is more likely to cause mistranslations of proteins?
- A.
  
  Substitution because they shift the reading frame and cause downstream amino acids to be changed.
- B.
  
  Deletions, because they shift the reading frame and downstream amino acids to be changed.
- C.
  
  Deletions because one protein is deleted.
- D.
  
  None of the above is correct
19.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR):
- A.
  
  Makes it possible to create huge numbers of copies of tiny pieces of DNA
- B.
  
  Utilizes RNA messenger RNA molecules from small pieces of DNA
- C.
  
  Can create messenger RNA molecules from small pieces of DNA
- D.
  
  Enables researchers to determine the sequence of a complementary strand of DNA when they have only single-stranded DNA
20.

Regulatory proteins shut off transcription by binding to a site immediately in front of the promoter and often even overlapping the promotor. This site is referred to as the
- A.
  
  Suppressor site.
- B.
  
  Operator site.
- C.
  
  Repressor site.
- D.
  
  Regulatory site.
- E.
  
  Transcriptional control site.
21.

RNA polymerase binds to a site on DNA called the
- A.
  
  Operator.
- B.
  
  Repressor.
- C.
  
  Footprint.
- D.
  
  Promoter.
- E.
  
  Operon.
22.

Which of the following must happen for transcription to be initiated?
- A.
  
  DNA polymerase must have access to the DNA double helix and also must be capable of binding to the gene's promoter.
- B.
  
  RNA polymerase must have access to the DNA double helix and also must be capable of binding to the gene's promoter.
- C.
  
  DNA polymerase must have access to the RNA and also must be capable of binding to the gene's promoter.
- D.
  
  DNA ligase must have access to the DNA double helix and also must be capable of binding to the gene's promoter.
- E.
  
  DNA kinase must have access to the DNA double helix and also must be capable of binding to the gene's promoter.
23.

Which lane(s) have the longest sections of DNA?
- A.
  
  1
- B.
  
  2
- C.
  
  1&2
- D.
  
  1, 2, and 3
- E.
  
  3&4
24.

If the DNA sample being digested lane 1 was a bacterial plasmid, how many cuts were made by the restriction enzyme?
- A.
  
  2
- B.
  
  3
- C.
  
  4
- D.
  
  5
25.

Which one do you like?
- A.
  
  Option 1
- B.
  
  Option 2
- C.
  
  Option 3
- D.
  
  Option 4