Semester 2 - Endocrine - Pharyngeal Apparatus

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| By Rossstudent

Rossstudent

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Quizzes Created: 32 | Total Attempts: 35,088

Questions: 8 | Attempts: 309 | Updated: Mar 21, 2023

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Questions and Answers

1.

Which of the following bones of the skull is formed by intramembranous ossification?
- A.
  
  Ethmoid
- B.
  
  Sphenoid
- C.
  
  Base of occipital
- D.
  
  Parietal
- E.
  
  Petrous portion of Temporal
Correct Answer
D. Parietal

Explanation
The parietal bone of the skull is formed by intramembranous ossification. This type of ossification occurs when bone tissue forms directly from mesenchymal cells, without the need for a cartilage precursor. In the case of the parietal bone, the mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts, which then secrete bone matrix that eventually mineralizes to form mature bone. This process allows for the formation of flat bones, such as the parietal bone, which provide protection and support for the brain.

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2.

Which of the muscles attaching to the styloid process is NOT derived from a pharyngeal arch?
- A.
  
  Styloglossus
- B.
  
  Stylopharyngeus
- C.
  
  Stylohyoid
- D.
  
  Levatorveli palatine
- E.
  
  Tensorteli palatini concerning
Correct Answer
A. Styloglossus

Explanation
The styloglossus muscle is not derived from a pharyngeal arch. The styloglossus muscle is a muscle of the tongue that helps to retract and elevate the tongue. It is derived from the occipital somites, not from a pharyngeal arch. The other muscles mentioned in the question (stylopharyngeus, stylohyoid, levator veli palatine, and tensor veli palatini) are all derived from pharyngeal arches.

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3.

Which of the following statements the embryology of the pituitary gland is CORRECT?
- A.
  
  The anterior pituitary is derived from the diencephalon pouch is derived from the posterior pituitary
- B.
  
  Rathke's from endoderm
- C.
  
  The infundibular stem is derived
- D.
  
  Oral ectoderm gives rise to the anterior pituitary
- E.
  
  Neuroectoderm gives rise to the pars tuberalis
Correct Answer
D. Oral ectoderm gives rise to the anterior pituitary

Explanation
The correct answer is that the oral ectoderm gives rise to the anterior pituitary. This means that during embryonic development, the cells from the oral ectoderm differentiate and form the anterior pituitary gland. This process is known as oral ectodermal placode invagination. The other statements provided in the options are incorrect. The diencephalon pouch is not derived from the posterior pituitary, Rathke's pouch is derived from the ectoderm, the infundibular stem is not derived from the anterior pituitary, and the neuroectoderm gives rise to the pars tuberalis, not the anterior pituitary.

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4.

Which of the following concerning statements the embryology of the pituitary gland is CORRECT?
- A.
  
  The anterior pituitary is derived from the mesencephalon pouch
- B.
  
  Rathke's is derived from the posterior pituitary
- C.
  
  The neurohypophysis is derived from endoderm
- D.
  
  Oral ectoderm gives rise to the pars nervosa
- E.
  
  Neuroectoderm gives rise to the neurohypophysis
Correct Answer
E. Neuroectoderm gives rise to the neurohypophysis

Explanation
The correct answer is that neuroectoderm gives rise to the neurohypophysis. The neurohypophysis, also known as the posterior pituitary, is derived from neuroectoderm during embryonic development. This is in contrast to the anterior pituitary, which is derived from the oral ectoderm. The neurohypophysis is responsible for the storage and release of hormones produced by the hypothalamus, while the anterior pituitary produces and releases its own hormones.

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5.

The nerve delivering sensory innervation to the posterior side of the external ear canal is a pretrematic nerve supplying derivatives branch of the cranial of the fourth pharyngeal arch. It is the :
- A.
  
  Greater petrosal nerve
- B.
  
  Nerve of the pterygoid canal
- C.
  
  Auricular nerve(of Arnold)
- D.
  
  Tympanic nerve(of Jacobson)
- E.
  
  Deep petrosal nerve
Correct Answer
C. Auricular nerve(of Arnold)

Explanation
The correct answer is the auricular nerve (of Arnold). This nerve is responsible for providing sensory innervation to the posterior side of the external ear canal. It is a derivative branch of the cranial nerve of the fourth pharyngeal arch.

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6.

An ENT surgeon performed tonsillectomy on 17-yearoldboy. The operation was uneventful. After a few weeks the boy complained of the loss of sensation over posterior third of the tongue. Which of the following nerves was damaged during the operation?
- A.
  
  Lingual nerve
- B.
  
  Internal laryngeal nerve
- C.
  
  Glossopharyngeal nerve
- D.
  
  External laryngeal nerve
Correct Answer
C. Glossopharyngeal nerve

Explanation
During the tonsillectomy procedure, the glossopharyngeal nerve may have been damaged, resulting in the loss of sensation over the posterior third of the tongue. The glossopharyngeal nerve is responsible for providing sensory innervation to the posterior third of the tongue, as well as other structures in the throat and pharynx. Damage to this nerve can lead to a loss of taste sensation, difficulty swallowing, and a sensation of a lump in the throat.

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7.

A space of clinical importance present between the buccopharyngeal fascia anteriorly and prevertebral is known as the fascia posteriorly
- A.
  
  Retropharyngeal space
- B.
  
  Supraternal space
- C.
  
  Lateral pharyngeal space
- D.
  
  Axillary space
- E.
  
  Masticator space
Correct Answer
A. Retropharyngeal space

Explanation
The space described in the question is located between the buccopharyngeal fascia anteriorly and the prevertebral fascia posteriorly. This space is known as the retropharyngeal space.

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8.

A 3O-year-old woman visited her doctor because of a painless swelling on the right side of her neck. A CT scan revealed , a well-defined cystic mass at the angle of the mandible just anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle . The MOST LIKELY diagnosis is.
- A.
  
  Lateral cervical cyst.
- B.
  
  Thyroglossal duct cyst.
- C.
  
  Dermoidcyst
- D.
  
  Swollen lymph node.
- E.
  
  Accessory thyroid tissue.
Correct Answer
A. Lateral cervical cyst.

Explanation
The most likely diagnosis in this case is a lateral cervical cyst. The patient's symptoms of a painless swelling on the right side of her neck, along with the CT scan findings of a well-defined cystic mass at the angle of the mandible just anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, are consistent with a lateral cervical cyst. This type of cyst typically occurs in the lateral neck and is often asymptomatic. Thyroglossal duct cyst, dermoid cyst, swollen lymph node, and accessory thyroid tissue are less likely diagnoses based on the given information.

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Semester 2 - Endocrine - Pharyngeal Apparatus

Which of the following bones of the skull is formed by intramembranous ossification?

Which of the muscles attaching to the styloid process is NOT derived from a pharyngeal arch?

Which of the following statements the embryology of the pituitary gland is CORRECT?

Which of the following concerning statements the embryology of the pituitary gland is CORRECT?

The nerve delivering sensory innervation to the posterior side of the external ear canal is a pretrematic nerve supplying derivatives branch of the cranial of the fourth pharyngeal arch. It is the :

An ENT surgeon performed tonsillectomy on 17-yearoldboy. The operation was uneventful. After a few weeks the boy complained of the loss of sensation over posterior third of the tongue. Which of the following nerves was damaged during the operation?

A space of clinical importance present between the buccopharyngeal fascia anteriorly and prevertebral is known as the fascia posteriorly

A 3O-year-old woman visited her doctor because of a painless swelling on the right side of her neck. A CT scan revealed , a well-defined cystic mass at the angle of the mandible just anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle . The MOST LIKELY diagnosis is.