Ultimate Motor Learning Quiz: Psychology Trivia!
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- 1.What is the most correct definition of Demonstration?
- A.
A form of teaching that encourages individuals to examine a skill from an observers point of view
- B.
A common method for providing information
- C.
Another way of explaining modeling, or observational learning
- D.
All of the above
- E.
A) & b)
- F.
B) & c)
- 2.Which of the following principles of Demonstration for skill acquisition is FALSE:
- A.
Demonstrators should perform the skill correctly, however make small skill errors in order to allow the novice observer to engage in more active problem solving
- B.
The observer perceives the invariant movement patterns correctly, the more likely these patterns will promote the quality from the demonstration
- C.
Observer perceives information about the strategy used by the model to solve movement problems.
- D.
Demonstration leads to better skill learning than other instruction forms
- 3.Novices should observe other novices as part of the demonstration.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 4.How frequently should a demonstration be given?
- A.
At the start of practice only
- B.
Only once the learners have attempted the skill on their own
- C.
At the start of practice and then immediately after every attempt
- D.
At the start of practice and then at the end of practice
- E.
At the start of practice and then intermittently as frequently as necerssary
- 5.The ________________ (Bandura 186) states that when a person observes a model, they translate the observed movement information into a symbolic memory code the forms the basis of a stored representation in memory and uses it when the observer performs the skill:
- A.
Central Resource Capacity Theory
- B.
Cognitive Medation Theory
- C.
Dynamic View of Modeling
- D.
Filter Theory
- 6.Verbal Instructions rank with a demonstration as a commonly used means of communicating how to perform skills. Which of the following factors about developing effective verbal instructions is FALSE:
- A.
You need to focus on the movement outcomes ie. action effect hypothesis
- B.
Focus attention on invariant environmental context and regulatory conditions
- C.
They should be descriptive and long so that the observer understand what is required
- D.
Give verbal instructions the influence goal achievement strategies
- 7.Which of the following statements about Performance is FALSE:
- A.
Largely due to practice
- B.
Temporary
- C.
Observable behaviour
- D.
May be influences by performance variables
- 8.Which of the following statements about learning is TRUE:
- A.
Temporary outcome of practice
- B.
Due to practice
- C.
Largely influence by performance variables
- D.
Indicates a mostly stable performance outcome
- 9.Which of the following is not a general performance characteristic of skill learning?
- A.
Improvement in skill performance
- B.
Varied results of performance
- C.
Persistance
- D.
Adaptability
- 10.A novice who is beginning to learn how to play chess, will generally display which sort of learning curve?
- A.
Linear
- B.
Negatively Accelerated
- C.
Positively Accelerated
- D.
S-Shaped
- 11.A skill that displays an early improvement in learning that then slows during latter practice experiences what sort of learning curve?
- A.
Linear
- B.
Negatively Accelerated
- C.
Positively Accelerated
- D.
S-Shaped
- 12.Learning can be assessed using various means. _________ Tests determing the permanence of the performance level achieved during practice, having a period of time without practice.
- A.
Transfer
- B.
Kinematic
- C.
Retention
- D.
Performance
- 13.A Transfer test determines if learning has occured by:
- A.
Testing the adaptability of the skill
- B.
Testing the skill in a different context to the practice context
- C.
Altering the skill context so adaptation occurs
- D.
Observing a skill performance the is difference to the skill practiced
- E.
All of the aboce
- F.
A), b) and c)
- 14.What are some of the reasons why practice performance may misrepresent learning?
- A.
Practice may involve a performance variable that could artificially inflate or depress performance
- B.
Performance during practice will not allow for retention or possible transfer
- C.
Practice may be misleading if it involves performance plateaus
- D.
A) & b)
- E.
A) & c)
- 15.According the Fitts and Posner (1967), an individual who thinks about what they have to do in order to correctly perform a skill is in the _______ Stage of Learning:
- A.
Autonomous
- B.
Cognitive
- C.
Associative
- D.
Middle
- 16.A person who has learnt to self correct their own performance, has low performance variability and is able to perform the skill without thinking of the performance characteristics of the skill is in the ______________ Stage of Learning:
- A.
Associative
- B.
Expert
- C.
Autonomous
- D.
Habitual
- 17.Which of the following statements about the Associative Stage of Learning as propsed by Fitts and Posner (1967) is FALSE:
- A.
The person has learnt to associate specific environmental cues with movements required to achieve the goal of the skill
- B.
Few errors (that are small in size)
- C.
Ability to identify errors and self correct
- D.
Performance variability begins to decrease as skill is refined
- 18.Gentiles 2 Stage Model (1972, 1987, 2000) viewed motor learning through two stages. These are known as:
- A.
First, Second
- B.
Cognitive, Associative
- C.
Beginner, Expert
- D.
Initial, Later
- 19.A novice performing a skill will often have various characteristics used to simplify the skill. One of these includes:
- A.
Freeing the Degrees of Freedom
- B.
Opening the Degrees of Freedom of the skill
- C.
Freezing the Degrees of Freedom
- D.
Closing the Degrees of Freedom of the skill
- 20.Which of the following performer characteristics about an expert is generally FALSE:
- A.
Becomes more efficient at performing the skill
- B.
Increased capacity to detect errors
- C.
An increased rate of improvement
- D.
Greater ability to selectively pay attention to the correct sensory sources
- 21.One performer characteristic that does not change across learning stages is:
- A.
Dependency on feedback
- B.
Movement coordination proficiency
- C.
Conscious attention when performing the skill
- D.
The use of visual feedback
- 22.Highly organised activities that: - have a structured set of rules - requires effort and are not particularly enjoyable - are specifcally designed to improve current level of performance; and - involve delayed gratification (promise of return effort) are classified as what sort of practice?
- A.
Part
- B.
Whole
- C.
Deliberate
- D.
Efficient
- 23.Ericsson et al. (1993) propsed that a particular number of years and hours of practice were needed before expertise of a skill was atttained. How many years and hours did he recommend?
- A.
5 year;5,000 hours
- B.
10 years; 10,000 hours
- C.
15 years; 10,000 hours
- D.
10 years; 15,000 hours
- 24.Transfer of learning is most correctly defined as:
- A.
Learning a skill in one context and being able to perform is in another context
- B.
The influence of previous experience on performing an old skill in a new context or a new skill in the same context
- C.
A negative, positive or neutral influence on skill performance
- D.
A test of whether learning of a skill has occired and been retained or not
- 25.When there is a similarity in skill and context components, and a similarity in the processing requirements of the skill, what sort of learning can occur?
- A.
Negative Transfer
- B.
Positive Transfer
- C.
Neutral Transfer
- D.
Bilateral Transfer
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