Perception MCQs Quiz

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  • 1/122 Questions

    Henning describes 4 basic taste qualities, which of the following is not one of the original 4?

    • Umami
    • Salty
    • Sour
    • Bitter
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About This Quiz

Perception is a state of mind that makes someone takes a point of understanding of a situation. Sometimes, the very first experience may either create the correct perception or the wrong one. Find it all below. Take this super interesting "Perception MCQs Quiz" to test your knowledge about it!

Perception MCQs Quiz - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    What is the central fixation point of the retina?

    • Fovea

    • Blind spot

    • Cornea

    • Ora serrata

    Correct Answer
    A. Fovea
    Explanation
    The fovea is the central fixation point of the retina. It is a small depression in the retina where cones, the photoreceptor cells responsible for detailed central vision, are densely packed. The fovea is responsible for our sharpest and clearest vision, as it contains a high concentration of cones and has a direct line to the visual cortex in the brain. The other options, such as the blind spot, cornea, and ora serrata, are not the central fixation point of the retina and do not have the same level of visual acuity as the fovea.

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  • 3. 

    Why is there a physiological blind spot?

    • There is a point on the retina occupied by the optic nerve

    • Part of the retina is folded

    • It is an evolutionary adaption in the visual cortex

    • It is an artifact from having forward facing overlapping vision

    Correct Answer
    A. There is a point on the retina occupied by the optic nerve
    Explanation
    The physiological blind spot exists because there is a point on the retina that is occupied by the optic nerve. This means that there are no photoreceptor cells in that specific area, resulting in a lack of visual perception.

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  • 4. 

    Changes in luminance occurs at many different spatial scales, what change in luminance is responsible for FINE detail?

    • Abrupt (sharp) changes

    • Medium changes

    • Smooth changes

    • Course changes

    Correct Answer
    A. Abrupt (sharp) changes
    Explanation
    These would be represented by high SF sinusoidal gratings

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  • 5. 

    Which of these is not an important colour term?

    • Depth

    • Hue

    • Brightness

    • Saturation

    Correct Answer
    A. Depth
  • 6. 

    Of the functional imaging techniques, which one requires radioactive tagging?

    • PET

    • FMRI

    • EEG

    • MEG

    Correct Answer
    A. PET
    Explanation
    EEG - electrical activity but poor spatial RESOLUTION
    fMRI/PET - bloodflow but poor spatial ACCURACY

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  • 7. 

    Which of the sensory modalities is the most studied/understood?

    • Vision

    • Touch

    • Taste/Smell

    • They are all heavily studied

    Correct Answer
    A. Vision
    Explanation
    Vision is the most studied and understood sensory modality because it plays a crucial role in our daily lives. The human visual system is highly complex, and extensive research has been conducted to understand its mechanisms, including the structure and function of the eye, visual processing in the brain, and perception of visual stimuli. Additionally, vision is the primary sense through which we gather information about our environment, making it a subject of great interest in various fields such as psychology, neuroscience, and computer science.

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  • 8. 

    Under which luminance level does our system respond to the highest spatial frequencies?

    • Photopic

    • Mesopic

    • Scotopic

    • Lumopic

    Correct Answer
    A. Photopic
    Explanation
    Scotopic = night where are rods are active and we lose our fine detail - hence much lower sf gratings become the largest response

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  • 9. 

    What are the little bumps on the tongue that contain tastebuds?

    • Papillae

    • Foliate

    • Filoform

    • Fungiform

    Correct Answer
    A. Papillae
    Explanation
    Papillae are the little bumps on the tongue that contain tastebuds. These bumps are responsible for detecting different tastes such as sweet, sour, bitter, and salty. The tastebuds on the papillae send signals to the brain, allowing us to perceive and differentiate between different flavors.

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  • 10. 

    What percentage of the cortex are visual brain areas?

    • 50%

    • 10%

    • 30%

    • 2%

    Correct Answer
    A. 50%
    Explanation
    around 30 areas and 100 billion cells

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  • 11. 

    Thresholds can NOT be calculated from which of the following?

    • All of these can measure thresholds

    • Neurometric function (single cell)

    • Psychometric function (detection)

    • Psychometric function (discrimination)

    Correct Answer
    A. All of these can measure thresholds
    Explanation
    All of the given options can measure thresholds. A neurometric function (single cell) measures the response of a single neuron to different stimuli and can help determine the threshold at which the neuron responds. A psychometric function (detection) measures the ability of an individual to detect a stimulus at different levels of intensity, allowing the determination of the threshold. Similarly, a psychometric function (discrimination) measures the ability to discriminate between different stimuli at varying levels, helping to identify the threshold at which discrimination becomes possible. Therefore, all of these options can be used to calculate thresholds.

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  • 12. 

    Which of these is an advantage of using CSF over Visual acuity tests to measure spatial visual function clinically?

    • It allows us to correctly predict how well pilots would see objects in fog (where fine detail is lost)

    • It is quick to administer

    • Most causes of loss of sensitivity are optical in nature meaning it reliably picks them up

    • It requires no specialist equipment

    Correct Answer
    A. It allows us to correctly predict how well pilots would see objects in fog (where fine detail is lost)
    Explanation
    CSF gives us a measure over the entire range of spatial scales and allows us to pick up losses of contrast too, a much more thorough measure but is essentially over the top for basic clinical needs

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  • 13. 

    There are 4 mechanoreceptors found in SMOOTH skin, which of the following is not found?

    • Basket cell

    • Pacinian Corpuscle

    • Merkel discs

    • Ruffini endings

    Correct Answer
    A. Basket cell
    Explanation
    The final one is Meissner corpuscle, basket cells are found in hairy skin

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  • 14. 

    Which of these words does NOT describe the fibres that carry touch information into the dorsal side of the spinal cord

    • Efferent

    • Large

    • Fast

    • Myelinated

    Correct Answer
    A. Efferent
    Explanation
    They are Afferent (towards the brain)

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  • 15. 

    Visible light falls between wavelengths ... ?

    • 400-700

    • 300-500

    • 800-900

    • 600-800

    Correct Answer
    A. 400-700
    Explanation
    Visible light falls between wavelengths of 400-700 nanometers. This range of wavelengths corresponds to the colors that can be detected by the human eye, with violet being the shortest wavelength and red being the longest. Wavelengths outside of this range, such as ultraviolet or infrared, are not visible to the human eye.

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  • 16. 

    There are 4 defining characteristics of Sinusoidal Gratings, which of the following is NOT one of them?

    • Position

    • Spatial Frequency

    • Orientation

    • Contrast

    Correct Answer
    A. Position
    Explanation
    Missing one = Spatial phase - which bar begins the grating (relative positioning)
    Contrast = intensity difference between the bars
    Orientation = axis of the grating's bar
    SF = number of bars in one grating (spatial scale of the luminance variation)

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  • 17. 

    What is the purpose of ganglionic centre-surround antagonism?

    • To find edges in images

    • To find contrast in images

    • To find wavelengths in images

    • To find the sinusoidal gratings that make up an image

    Correct Answer
    A. To find edges in images
    Explanation
    Ganglionic center-surround antagonism is a mechanism used by the visual system to enhance the detection of edges in images. This mechanism works by comparing the activity of neighboring ganglion cells, where the center of one cell's receptive field is excited while the surrounding area is inhibited. This creates a contrast between the center and the periphery, allowing for the detection of edges or boundaries between different regions in an image. By analyzing these edges, the visual system can extract important information about the objects and their spatial relationships in the scene.

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  • 18. 

    25% of the population have twice as many papillae than the 'non tasters' and experience taste very strongly, what are they called?

    • Supertasters

    • Extremetasters

    • Megatasters

    • OMGtasters

    Correct Answer
    A. Supertasters
    Explanation
    Supertasters are individuals who have a higher density of taste buds, specifically papillae, on their tongues. This increased number of taste buds allows them to experience taste sensations more intensely than the average person. Therefore, supertasters are the correct term to describe the individuals who make up 25% of the population and have twice as many papillae as non-tasters.

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  • 19. 

    Why is it important that nerve fibres cross at the optic chiasm?

    • So that each hemisphere has all the information from the opposite visual field

    • So that each hemisphere has all the information from the corresponding visual field

    • So that each hemisphere has all the information from the corresponding retina

    • So that each hemisphere has all the information from the opposite retina

    Correct Answer
    A. So that each hemisphere has all the information from the opposite visual field
    Explanation
    It is important for nerve fibers to cross at the optic chiasm so that each hemisphere of the brain receives information from the opposite visual field. This allows for the integration of visual information from both sides of the body, enabling a more complete and accurate perception of the surrounding environment. If the nerve fibers did not cross, each hemisphere would only receive information from one side of the visual field, leading to a limited and incomplete perception of the visual world.

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  • 20. 

    The LGN's function is NOT ...

    • To create colour vision

    • To relay information between the retina and visual cortex

    • To segregate M and P systems for cortical processing

    • Receive feedback from the cortex to modulate signal quality

    Correct Answer
    A. To create colour vision
    Explanation
    The LGN's function is not to create color vision. The LGN, or lateral geniculate nucleus, is a part of the visual pathway that relays information from the retina to the visual cortex. It helps in processing and transmitting visual information, but it is not directly responsible for creating color vision. Color vision is primarily attributed to the cones in the retina, which detect different wavelengths of light. The LGN's main role is to segregate the M and P systems for cortical processing and receive feedback from the cortex to modulate signal quality.

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  • 21. 

    Humans are ...

    • Trichromats

    • Dichromats

    • Pentachromats

    • Monochromats

    Correct Answer
    A. Trichromats
    Explanation
    Trichromats are individuals who have three types of cone cells in their eyes, allowing them to perceive and distinguish between a wide range of colors. This is the most common type of color vision in humans. Dichromats, on the other hand, have only two types of cone cells, resulting in a reduced ability to perceive colors. Pentachromats, although extremely rare, have five types of cone cells and can perceive a wider range of colors than trichromats. Monochromats, the least common type, have only one type of cone cell and can only see in shades of gray.

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  • 22. 

    Which type of cone is there the least of and is also absent from the fovea

    • S

    • M

    • L

    • S and M

    Correct Answer
    A. S
    Explanation
    The correct answer is S. The question is asking about the type of cone that is the least abundant and is not present in the fovea. The fovea is the central area of the retina that provides the highest visual acuity. The fovea contains mostly cones, with a high concentration of M (medium) and L (long) wavelength cones. On the other hand, S (short) wavelength cones are less abundant overall and are completely absent from the fovea. Therefore, the type of cone that fits this description is S.

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  • 23. 

    Psychophysics has a central concept of measuring the ... of sensory systems?

    • All of these

    • Detection limits

    • Discrimination limits

    • Thresholds

    Correct Answer
    A. All of these
    Explanation
    These are all measures of the limits of perception

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  • 24. 

    Excluding photoreceptors, which of the following is NOT one of the 5 major types of neuron in the human retina?

    • Vertical cells

    • Bipolar cells

    • Horizontal cells

    • Amacrine cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Vertical cells
    Explanation
    The last one is Ganglion cells

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  • 25. 

    Which of the following words does NOT describe perception?

    • A passive process

    • A psychological process

    • No direct contact with the physical world

    • Using sense organs

    Correct Answer
    A. A passive process
    Explanation
    A camera is passive but perception is an ACTIVE process of making sense of the world rather than just passively capturing it. However the underlying neurology is so sophisticated it feels like a passive process

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  • 26. 

    Cells in the fovea have ... 

    • The smallest receptive fields with high spatial resolution

    • The smallest receptive fields with low spatial resolution

    • The largest receptive fields with high spatial resolution

    • The largest receptive fields with low spatial resolution

    Correct Answer
    A. The smallest receptive fields with high spatial resolution
    Explanation
    Cells in the fovea have the smallest receptive fields with high spatial resolution. The fovea is the central region of the retina that is responsible for sharp central vision. The cells in the fovea, called cone cells, are densely packed and each cone cell has a small receptive field. This allows for precise discrimination of fine details and high spatial resolution. The small receptive fields ensure that each cone cell receives input from a small area of the visual field, resulting in a high level of detail in the visual perception.

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  • 27. 

    What is the name for the process where by you decompose any image into its unique set of sinusoidal gratings?

    • Fourier Analysis

    • Fourier Synthesis

    • Fourier Disintegration

    • Fourier Dissolution

    Correct Answer
    A. Fourier Analysis
    Explanation
    Synthesis is the name for the opposite process

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  • 28. 

    The homunculus that represents the distribution of neural tissue in the somatosensory cortex for each body part does NOT have enlarged ... ?

    • Feet

    • Hands

    • Lips

    • Tongue

    Correct Answer
    A. Feet
    Explanation
    Thanks to the work of Penfield and Rasmussen, 1950

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  • 29. 

    Which of these effects is true concerning face recognition?

    • Inversion disrupts configural more than featural information in faces

    • Inversion disrupts featural more than configural information in faces

    • Scrambling disrupts featural more than configural information in faces

    • Scrambling disrupts configural more than featural information in faces

    Correct Answer
    A. Inversion disrupts configural more than featural information in faces
    Explanation
    Inversion disrupts configural more than featural information in faces. When a face is inverted, it becomes more difficult to recognize the overall configuration or arrangement of the facial features. This is because our brains are naturally wired to process faces in an upright orientation, and when they are flipped upside down, it disrupts our ability to perceive the relationships between different features. Featural information, on the other hand, refers to the individual features of a face, such as the eyes, nose, and mouth. While inversion does affect our ability to recognize these features as well, it has a greater impact on the configural information.

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  • 30. 

    In the LGN input into layer 1 will be

    • Contralateral M cells

    • Contralateral P cells

    • Ipsilateral P cells

    • Ipsilateral P cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Contralateral M cells
    Explanation
    In the LGN (lateral geniculate nucleus), layer 1 receives input from contralateral (opposite side) M cells. M cells are a type of retinal ganglion cells that are responsible for detecting motion and transmitting this information to the brain. The other options, such as contralateral P cells and ipsilateral P cells, are not correct in this context as they do not specifically refer to the input into layer 1 of the LGN.

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  • 31. 

    Why is Braille easier to read than embossed Roman letters?

    • Mechanical blurring of Roman letters

    • Mechanical blurring of Braille letters

    • Visual blurring of Roman letters

    • Visual blurring of Braille letters

    Correct Answer
    A. Mechanical blurring of Roman letters
    Explanation
    Roman letters are often distinguished by small fine differences which are too fine to detect by touch, Braille letters are separated by more course differences

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  • 32. 

    Nociceptors are the receptor for pain, what is the most likely candidate out of the human receptors we know about

    • Free nerve endings

    • Ruffini endings

    • Merkel discs

    • Basket cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Free nerve endings
    Explanation
    Free nerve endings are the most likely candidate for nociceptors, which are the receptors for pain. Free nerve endings are present in various tissues throughout the body, including the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs. They are responsible for detecting and transmitting pain signals to the brain in response to potentially damaging stimuli such as heat, cold, pressure, or chemicals. Their widespread distribution and sensitivity to noxious stimuli make them the primary receptors involved in the perception of pain.

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  • 33. 

    What percentage of optic nerve fibres cross at the optic chiasm and become contralateral fibres and how many remain on the same side to become ipsilateral fibres?

    • 50/50

    • 70/30

    • 30/70

    • 100% cross over

    Correct Answer
    A. 50/50
    Explanation
    The optic chiasm is the point where the optic nerves from each eye cross over. This means that half of the optic nerve fibers from each eye cross at the chiasm and become contralateral fibers, which means they project to the opposite side of the brain. The other half of the fibers remain on the same side and become ipsilateral fibers, which means they project to the same side of the brain. Therefore, the correct answer is 50/50, indicating an equal distribution of fibers crossing and remaining on the same side.

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  • 34. 

    What is the name for the condition whereby one can no longer discriminate objects?

    • Object agnosia

    • Item agnosia

    • Discriminatory agnosia

    • Spatial agnosia

    Correct Answer
    A. Object agnosia
    Explanation
    Object agnosia refers to the condition where an individual is unable to recognize or discriminate between different objects. This impairment can occur due to damage or dysfunction in the brain regions responsible for visual processing and object recognition. People with object agnosia may have difficulty identifying familiar objects, such as household items or faces, even though their vision and basic visual perception abilities are intact. This condition can significantly impact an individual's daily life and their ability to interact with the environment.

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  • 35. 

    Which of these models for object recognition is the simplest?

    • Template-matching

    • Feature-detector

    • Structural description

    • View-dependent

    Correct Answer
    A. Template-matching
    Explanation
    Template-matching is the simplest model for object recognition because it involves comparing an input image with a pre-defined template to find a match. This approach does not require complex algorithms or feature extraction techniques, making it a straightforward and easy-to-implement method. It is based on the assumption that objects can be recognized by comparing their exact visual appearance with a stored template, making it a simple and intuitive approach for object recognition tasks.

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  • 36. 

    The LGN receives 80% of ganglion input and is made up of six layers, which of the layers receive input from the Magnocellular cells, leaving the rest of the layers to receive input from the Parvocellular cells

    • 1-2

    • 4-6

    • 3-4

    • 3-6

    Correct Answer
    A. 1-2
    Explanation
    the remaining 20% of connections got to the mid brain (superior colliculus)

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  • 37. 

    During a psychophysical trial, the SAME stimulus strength will cause different answers from the same participant; what explains why our threshold detections are not discrete?

    • Signal detection theory

    • Noisy wiring theory

    • Stimulus discrimination theory

    • Judgement bias theory

    Correct Answer
    A. Signal detection theory
    Explanation
    Internal noise interferes with out perceptual decision hence thresholds are probabilistic and not absolute measures of performance (hence 75%)

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  • 38. 

    Cross-fibre theory suggests that ...

    • Most neurons responds to several taste stimuli but are tuned to a particular taste

    • Neurons are wired to one taste stimuli and integrate to build a taste repertoire

    • Neurons respond to all taste stimuli equally and the combined response of all the neurons separates out unique tastes

    • Neurons have a varying amount of 'preferred' tastes and the combination of these neurons with one, two, three or four preferred tastes builds a representation of the quality of the taste experienced

    Correct Answer
    A. Most neurons responds to several taste stimuli but are tuned to a particular taste
    Explanation
    The pattern of activity of neurons does code information about taste

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  • 39. 

    What temperature correlates with the greatest taste sensitivity regardless of taste quality?

    • 22-32 degrees

    • 17-22 degrees

    • 32-42 degrees

    • 37 degrees exactly

    Correct Answer
    A. 22-32 degrees
    Explanation
    The temperature range of 22-32 degrees is associated with the greatest taste sensitivity regardless of taste quality. This means that our taste buds are most sensitive within this temperature range, allowing us to perceive and differentiate flavors more accurately. Temperatures outside of this range may affect our ability to fully experience and appreciate the nuances of different tastes.

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  • 40. 

    Which of the following is FALSE about human smell sensitivity?

    • Men are more sensitive to odours than women in general

    • Young adults are more sensitive to odours than the elderly

    • Up to 1 in 3 individuals suffer from a form of anosmia

    • Humans can detect some foul smelling compounds at 1 part per 50 billion

    Correct Answer
    A. Men are more sensitive to odours than women in general
    Explanation
    This statement is false because women generally have a better sense of smell compared to men. Studies have shown that women have more olfactory receptors and a larger olfactory bulb in the brain, which contributes to their heightened sense of smell. Men, on the other hand, tend to have a higher threshold for detecting certain odors. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that men are more sensitive to odors than women in general.

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  • 41. 

    Information about pain and temperature is carried by the ... ?

    • Spinothalamic tract

    • Dorsal side of the spinal cord

    • Contralateral tract

    • Substantia gelatinosa

    Correct Answer
    A. Spinothalamic tract
    Explanation
    The spinothalamic tract is responsible for carrying information about pain and temperature. It is a pathway that runs from the spinal cord to the thalamus in the brain, transmitting sensory information related to pain and temperature sensations. This tract allows us to perceive and respond to painful and hot/cold stimuli.

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  • 42. 

    The fovea ... ?

    • Is all of these things

    • Contains exclusively cones

    • Constitutes 1/7 of all connections between brain and retina

    • Is the area of the retina that thins and forms a pit

    Correct Answer
    A. Is all of these things
    Explanation
    The fovea is a small area in the center of the retina that is responsible for sharp central vision. It contains exclusively cones, which are photoreceptor cells that are highly sensitive to light and responsible for color vision. The fovea also constitutes 1/7 of all connections between the brain and the retina, highlighting its importance in transmitting visual information. Additionally, the fovea thins and forms a pit, allowing for a higher concentration of cones and maximizing visual acuity. Therefore, the correct answer is that the fovea is all of these things.

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  • 43. 

    LGN cell receptive fields are ... ?

    • Orientation independent

    • Size independent

    • Colour independent

    • Strength independent

    Correct Answer
    A. Orientation independent
    Explanation
    LGN cell receptive fields being orientation independent means that the cells do not respond differently based on the orientation of the stimulus. This suggests that the cells are not specialized to detect specific orientations of visual stimuli. Instead, they are able to detect and respond to visual information regardless of its orientation. This characteristic allows for a more flexible and general processing of visual input in the LGN.

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  • 44. 

    What cones must be missing for a Blue-Yellow dichromat?

    • S

    • M

    • L

    • S and M

    Correct Answer
    A. S
    Explanation
    A Blue-Yellow dichromat is a person who has difficulty distinguishing between blue and yellow colors. This means that the cones responsible for perceiving these colors must be missing or not functioning properly. In the given options, the S cones represent the ability to perceive blue color, while the M cones represent the ability to perceive yellow color. Therefore, for a Blue-Yellow dichromat, both the S and M cones must be missing.

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  • 45. 

    How does the brain represent the information in Visual images?

    • Sinusoidal gratings

    • Luminance changes

    • Wavelength changes

    • Pixel equivalents

    Correct Answer
    A. Sinusoidal gratings
    Explanation
    The brain represents information in visual images through sinusoidal gratings. Sinusoidal gratings are patterns made up of alternating light and dark bars that vary in spatial frequency. These patterns are commonly used in vision research to study visual perception and the brain's processing of visual information. The brain's visual system is sensitive to these gratings and can extract information about their orientation, spatial frequency, and phase. This allows the brain to encode and interpret visual images, contributing to our perception of the world around us.

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  • 46. 

    The pattern of alternate eyes driving all the cells within a penetration perpendicular to the surface of the brain is called?

    • Ocular dominance columns

    • Cortical processing

    • Alternating retinotopic map

    • Cortical magnification

    Correct Answer
    A. Ocular dominance columns
    Explanation
    Ocular dominance columns refer to the pattern of alternate eyes driving all the cells within a penetration perpendicular to the surface of the brain. It is a phenomenon observed in the visual cortex, where neighboring columns of cells respond preferentially to inputs from either the left or right eye. This pattern helps in the processing and integration of visual information from both eyes, leading to binocular vision and depth perception.

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  • 47. 

    Any single photopigment is colour blind through the principle of ... ?

    • Univariance

    • Multivariance

    • Monochromacy

    • Achromacy

    Correct Answer
    A. Univariance
    Explanation
    Univariance refers to the principle that a single photopigment is unable to differentiate between different colors. This means that the photopigment can only respond to different levels of light intensity, but cannot distinguish between different wavelengths of light that correspond to different colors. Therefore, a single photopigment is color blind because it lacks the ability to perceive and discriminate between different colors.

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  • 48. 

    Biederman (1987) suggested there are how many geons that make up all the objects?

    • 36

    • 24

    • 60

    • 48

    Correct Answer
    A. 36
    Explanation
    Geons are the alphabet of primitive volumes into which objects can be decomposed into

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  • 49. 

    The central 10 degrees of the visual field are linked to what percentage of cortical cells?

    • 80%

    • 60%

    • 40%

    • 50%

    Correct Answer
    A. 80%
    Explanation
    The central 10 degrees of the visual field are linked to 80% of cortical cells. This means that a large majority of the cells in the visual cortex are dedicated to processing information from the central portion of our visual field. This is because the central vision is crucial for tasks such as reading, recognizing faces, and focusing on objects of interest. The remaining cortical cells are responsible for processing information from the peripheral visual field.

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  • Mar 22, 2023
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