Pediatric Nursing Exam 1

Chemotherapy can have various side effects on the body, including those mentioned in the correct answer. However, fatigue, muscle cramps, weight gain, headaches, skin rash, joint pain, increased heart rate, etc., are not typically considered relatively immediate side effects of chemotherapy.

Nadar in this context refers to a specific medical term related to the effects of chemotherapy on bone marrow.

Late side-effects of cancer treatment can include a range of issues such as cognitive delays, secondary malignancies, and risks to organ health. Hair loss, weight gain, and decreased appetite are commonly associated with other side-effects of cancer treatment but not specifically considered as late side-effects.

Parents need to be aware of various aspects such as pathology, signs and symptoms of sepsis, drugs and their side effects, when to seek emergency medical help, and how to optimize growth and development during chemotherapy. Dietary restrictions, hair care techniques, and exercise routines are not typically the primary concerns during chemotherapy.

Leukemia primarily affects tissues with high vascularity and hematopoietic function, such as the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.

Leukemia commonly presents with signs such as profound anemia, infection with left shift, and bleeding from petechiae. The incorrect answers provided do not align with typical symptoms of leukemia.

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, characterized by the rapid proliferation of abnormal white blood cells. The correct answer explains the pathophysiology of leukemia by highlighting the uncontrolled growth and invasion of immature white blood cells.

Leukemic invasion of the spleen, liver, and lymph glands results in hepatosplenomegaly (enlargement of both the liver and spleen) and fibrosis due to the abnormal accumulation of leukemic cells in these organs.

Pathological fractures can be caused by various conditions, but one common cause is the invasion of leukemic cells into the bone marrow, which weakens the bones.

Chemotherapy is one of the main treatments for AML, with daunomycin being a commonly used drug. Doxorubicin is related to daunomycin and also used in AML treatment. Cisplatin and methotrexate are not typically used in the chemotherapy regimen for AML.

Leukemia treatments include chemotherapy to kill cancer cells, steroids to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a potential cure. Radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and surgery are not primary treatments for leukemia.

Steroids are used in Leukemia treatment to stop the bone marrow from producing excessive white blood cells and to counteract inflammation caused by chemotherapy.

CNS prophylactic therapy is used to address leukemia patients who are at a high risk of CNS involvement. It involves injecting methotrexate and cytarabine directly into the spinal column to circumvent the blood-brain barrier. This therapy requires careful monitoring due to its potential side effects.

During CNS prophylactic therapy for leukemia patients, it is important for a parent, play therapist, or someone the child trusts to be present to help, hold hands, or distract the child if the parent is unable to handle being in the room.

Chemotherapy drugs are a class of medications designed to target and disrupt fast proliferating cells, commonly used in the treatment of cancer. Antimetabolites are one type of chemotherapy drug that interferes with the growth of cancer cells by mimicking substances needed for cell function, thus inhibiting cell division and growth. These drugs can also affect other rapidly dividing cells in the body, leading to common side effects such as hair loss, nail changes, GI disturbances, and bone marrow suppression.

Morphine drip is a potent pain medication often used to manage severe pain associated with chemotherapy. While Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, and Aspirin are commonly used for mild to moderate pain, they are not strong enough to address the intense pain from chemotherapy side effects.

Leukocytosis with very low percentage of mature WBCs is a common finding in leukemia due to the overproduction of immature white blood cells. Leukopenia indicates a decreased WBC count which is not typically seen in leukemia. A normal WBC count with high percentage of immature WBCs is not characteristic of leukemia. Thrombocytosis refers to an increased platelet count, which is not directly related to the complete WBC count in leukemia.