Pediatric Nursing | Genitourinary Disorders NCLEX Quiz 9

Explanation
Dysuria is a symptom of a lower urinary tract infection (UTI) such as cystitis.Option B. C. D: Costovertebral tenderness. flank pain. and high fever are signs and symptoms of pyelonephritis. an upper UTI.

Explanation
Hypospadias refers to a condition in which the urethral opening is located below the glans penis or anywhere along the ventral surface (underside) of the penile shaft. The ventral foreskin is lacking. and the distal portion gives an appearance of a hood. Early recognition is important so that circumcision is avoided; the foreskin is used for the surgical repair.Option A: Surgery is the procedure of choice to improve the child’s ability to stand when urinating. improve the appearance of the penis. and preserve sexual adequacy.Option C: IVP is contraindicated if the child has an allergy to iodine or shellfish.Option D: Catheterization may be used to ensure urinary elimination.

Explanation
Infection is the most common cause of secondary vesicoureteral reflux.Option A: Acidic urine is normal and helps to prevent infection.Option B: Congenital defects cause primary vesicoureteral reflux.Option C: Hydronephrosis may result from vesicoureteral reflux.

Explanation
Impetigo. a bacterial infection of the skin. may be caused by streptococci and may precede acute glomerulonephritis. Although most streptococcal infections do not cause acute glomerulonephritis. when they do. a latent period of 10 to 14 days occur between the infection. usually of the skin (impetigo) or upper respiratory tract. and the onset of clinical manifestations.Option A. C. D: Scabies. herpes simplex. and varicella are not associated with acute glomerulonephritis.

Explanation
Clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome include loss of appetite due to edema of intestinal mucosa. proteinuria. and edema.Option A. B: Hypertension alone or accompanied by hematuria is associated with glomerulonephritis.Option C: Gross hematuria is not associated with nephrotic syndrome. Fever will occur only if infection also existed.

Explanation
In general. preschoolers have more fears because of their fantasies. contributing to fears of the simplest procedures. Castration fears are also prominent at this age and may be heightened by procedures related to GU problems.Option A. B. D: Typically. GU procedures do not create greater stress in infants. toddlers. and school-age children.

Explanation
E. coli is the most common organism associated with the development of UTI.Option A. B. D: Although Klebsiella. Staphylococcus. and Pseudomonas species may cause UTI’s. the incidence of UTI’s related to each is less than that for E. coli.

Explanation
Drinking acidic juices. such as cranberry juice. helps keep the urine at its desired pH and reduces the chance of infection.Option B. C. D: The client should wipe from front to back. wear cotton underwear. and void before and after intercourse.

Explanation
The most likely cause of primary enuresis is delayed or incomplete maturation of the bladder.Option A: Psychogenic stress may cause either primary or secondary enuresis. but it is not the leading cause of primary enuresis.Option C: UTIs may cause either primary or secondary enuresis. but they are not the leading cause of primary enuresis.Option D: Vesicoureteral reflux may cause either primary or secondary enuresis. but is not the leading cause of primary enuresis.

Explanation
Option A: Fluid intake helps dilute urine and minimize infection potential.Option C: Emptying the bladder fully with each urination prevents stasis.Option F: Bubble baths and tight clothing may act as irritants.Option B. D. E: Children and teens should wear cotton underwear. keep their urine acidic. and void before and after intercourse (if sexually active).