Z100 - Nervous System

The nervous system is responsible for transmitting messages between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body. It allows for communication and coordination between different parts of the body, enabling movement, sensory perception, and other bodily functions. This function of the nervous system is crucial for overall body functioning and maintaining homeostasis.

A neuron is a type of nerve cell that is responsible for transmitting information throughout the body. It is a specialized cell that is capable of receiving, processing, and transmitting electrical and chemical signals. Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system and play a crucial role in the communication between different parts of the body, including the brain. The terms "cerebrum" and "cerebellum" refer to specific regions of the brain, while "nerve cell" is a general term that can encompass various types of cells in the nervous system. Therefore, the correct answer in this context is "neuron," which specifically refers to a type of nerve cell.

The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. It is responsible for processing and coordinating information received from the peripheral nervous system. The brain controls cognitive functions, sensory perception, and motor functions, while the spinal cord relays messages between the brain and the rest of the body. Together, they form the central command center of the body, regulating and controlling various bodily functions.

The brain is the major organ of the nervous system that is encased in the skull. It controls and coordinates all the functions of the body, including thoughts, emotions, movements, and sensory perception. It is responsible for processing and interpreting information from the senses, making decisions, and sending signals to the rest of the body. The brain is composed of billions of neurons and is divided into different regions that have specific functions.

The spinal cord is the correct answer because it is a major set of large nerves that run down the spinal column or vertebrae. It is responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body, allowing for communication and coordination of bodily functions. The axon and dendrite are parts of a neuron, but they do not encompass the entire set of nerves running down the spinal column.

The cerebellum is the part of the brain that controls coordination and balance. It receives information from the sensory systems, spinal cord, and other parts of the brain to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain posture, and balance. It helps in fine-tuning movements, ensuring smooth and coordinated muscle activity. Damage to the cerebellum can lead to problems with balance, coordination, and motor control.

The given description refers to the peripheral nervous system. It consists of sensory neurons, ganglia, and nerves that connect them to each other and the central nervous system. The peripheral nervous system is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the body to the central nervous system and carrying motor commands from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands. It helps in regulating voluntary and involuntary bodily functions.

The cerebrum is the part of the brain that is responsible for thinking and memory. It is the largest part of the brain and is divided into two hemispheres. The cerebrum controls voluntary movements, language, problem-solving, decision-making, and the storage and retrieval of memories. It is involved in higher cognitive functions such as perception, attention, and consciousness. The cerebrum plays a crucial role in our ability to think, reason, and remember information.

The medulla oblongata is the correct answer because it is the part of the brain that controls involuntary actions such as breathing and heartbeat. It is located at the base of the brainstem and connects the spinal cord to the rest of the brain. The medulla oblongata plays a crucial role in maintaining vital bodily functions and regulating autonomic processes. It serves as a relay center for signals between the brain and the spinal cord, allowing for the coordination of involuntary actions essential for survival.

The enteric nervous system is a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the gastrointestinal system. It controls various processes such as digestion, absorption, and movement of food through the digestive tract. Unlike the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, the enteric nervous system operates independently and can function without input from the brain. The voluntary nervous system, on the other hand, controls voluntary movements and is part of the somatic nervous system. Therefore, the enteric nervous system is the correct answer as it accurately describes a subsystem of the peripheral nervous system.