Nervous System (Ans, Sns, CNS, Pns) Quiz

Neurons are specialized cells in the nervous system that transmit electrical signals, known as nervous impulses, throughout the body. These impulses allow for communication between different parts of the body and are essential for processes such as sensory perception, motor control, and cognitive functions. Neurons are equipped with unique structures, such as dendrites and axons, which enable them to receive and transmit these impulses. Therefore, the correct answer is "cells that carry nervous impulses."

The correct answer is "Sympathetic/Parasympathetic." The term "efferent" refers to the nerves that carry signals from the central nervous system (CNS) to the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In the PNS, these efferent nerves are further divided into two parts: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The sympathetic division is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, while the parasympathetic division is responsible for the "rest and digest" response. Therefore, the correct answer is the division of efferent nerves in the PNS: sympathetic and parasympathetic.

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. It is responsible for controlling and coordinating all the activities of the body. The brain is the command center of the CNS and controls various functions such as thinking, memory, and emotions. The spinal cord serves as a pathway for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body. Together, the brain and spinal cord play a crucial role in regulating reflexes, which are involuntary actions, as well as voluntary actions that are under conscious control.

The autonomic nervous system controls reflexes, which are involuntary actions that occur automatically without conscious thought. Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli that help protect the body and maintain homeostasis. The autonomic nervous system regulates these reflexes by coordinating the activity of the spinal nerves and cranial nerves, which are responsible for transmitting sensory information to the brain and spinal cord. Therefore, the given answer "reflexes" accurately describes the role of the autonomic nervous system.

Axons and dendrites are nerve fibers that play a crucial role in transmitting electrical signals within the nervous system. Axons are long, slender fibers that carry signals away from the cell body of a neuron, while dendrites are shorter, branch-like fibers that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body. These nerve fibers are essential for communication between neurons and are responsible for the transmission of information throughout the nervous system.

Schwann cells are responsible for producing myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Myelin is a fatty substance that wraps around nerve fibers, providing insulation and increasing the speed of nerve impulses. This insulation allows for efficient communication between neurons. Therefore, the correct answer is that Schwann cells make myelin in the PNS.

Most neurons are classified based on their structure, and the three main types are bipolar, unipolar, and multipolar. Bipolar neurons have two extensions, one dendrite, and one axon, and they are commonly found in sensory organs like the retina. Unipolar neurons have a single extension that branches into two, with one acting as a dendrite and the other as an axon. They are typically found in the peripheral nervous system. Multipolar neurons have multiple dendrites and a single axon, and they are the most common type of neuron in the central nervous system. Therefore, the statement that most neurons are either bipolar, unipolar, or multipolar is true.

The correct answer is +30 mv. Action potential refers to the change in electrical potential that occurs when a neuron is stimulated. It involves a rapid depolarization and repolarization of the neuron's membrane potential. During the depolarization phase, the membrane potential becomes more positive, typically reaching around +30 mv. This is due to the influx of positively charged ions, such as sodium, into the neuron. Therefore, +30 mv is the correct value for the action potential.

Reuptake is a process in which neurotransmitters are taken back up into the presynaptic neuron after they have been released into the synapse. This recycling allows for the efficient reutilization of neurotransmitters, ensuring that they can continue to transmit signals between neurons. Therefore, the statement that reuptake is recycling neurotransmitters is true.

The peripheral nervous system controls the spinal nerves and cranial nerves. These nerves are responsible for transmitting signals between the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the rest of the body. The spinal nerves originate from the spinal cord and innervate the body, while the cranial nerves emerge from the brain and innervate the head and neck. Therefore, the correct answer is spinal nerves and cranial nerves.

Parkinson's Disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the dopamine-producing cells in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in facilitating movement and coordination. In Parkinson's Disease, there is a progressive loss of dopamine-producing cells, leading to a deficiency of dopamine in the brain. This deficiency results in the characteristic motor symptoms of the disease, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement). Therefore, the statement "person with Parkinson's Disease doesn't produce enough" accurately explains the role of dopamine in the context of Parkinson's Disease.

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary actions. This means that it is responsible for the conscious movements and actions that we can control, such as walking, talking, and writing. The somatic nervous system includes the motor neurons that send signals from the brain to the muscles, allowing us to perform these voluntary actions. It does not control reflexes, which are automatic responses to stimuli, and it does not control the brain and spinal cord directly, but rather the muscles and movements associated with them.

Resting membrane potential refers to the electrical charge difference across the cell membrane when the cell is at rest. It is typically around -70 mV, indicating that the inside of the cell is negatively charged compared to the outside. This negative charge is maintained by the active transport of ions, such as potassium and sodium, across the membrane. This potential is essential for various cellular processes, including the transmission of nerve impulses and the regulation of ion channels.

Sensory NS refers to the part of the nervous system that is responsible for receiving and transmitting sensory information from the body to the brain. This includes sensations such as touch, pain, temperature, and proprioception. The term "afferent" specifically refers to the transmission of sensory information from the body to the brain. Therefore, "afferent" is the correct answer as it accurately describes the function of the sensory nervous system.

Calcium channels are responsible for allowing the movement of calcium ions in and out of neurons. When a nerve impulse is generated, calcium channels open, allowing calcium ions to enter the neuron. This influx of calcium triggers the release of neurotransmitters, which are essential for transmitting the nerve impulse to the next neuron or target cell. Therefore, calcium channels play a crucial role in how nerve impulses leave neurons.

The statement is true because the soma, also known as the cell body, is indeed the largest part of a nerve cell. The soma contains the nucleus and most of the cell's organelles, and it plays a crucial role in maintaining the cell's overall function and structure. It receives and integrates incoming signals from other neurons, and it is responsible for generating and transmitting electrical impulses along the neuron's axon. Therefore, it can be concluded that the soma is indeed the largest part of a nerve cell.

Astrocytes are a type of glial cells that are found in the central nervous system (CNS). They play a crucial role in supporting and maintaining the functions of neurons, such as regulating the chemical environment, providing structural support, and participating in the formation of synapses. Astrocytes are not found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), somatic nervous system (SNS), or autonomic nervous system (ANS), which makes CNS the correct answer.

Ogliodendracytes are a type of glial cell found in the central nervous system (CNS) that produce myelin. Myelin is a fatty substance that forms a protective covering around nerve fibers, allowing for faster and more efficient transmission of electrical impulses. Therefore, the correct answer is "make myelin."

Microglia cells are specialized immune cells in the central nervous system that play a crucial role in maintaining brain health. They constantly move and survey their surroundings, which allows them to quickly respond to any signs of damage or infection. One of their important functions is phagocytosis, the process of engulfing and removing cellular debris, pathogens, and dead cells. This helps in clearing out any harmful substances and promoting tissue repair. While microglia cells move throughout the spinal cord, they tend to avoid the actual site of damage, possibly to prevent excessive inflammation and further damage to the delicate neural tissue.

Neuroglia is also known as glia or glial cells. These cells are non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection to neurons in the central nervous system. They play a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of the nervous system and regulating its functions. Therefore, the correct answer is "Both A & B" because both "Glia" and "Glial" are alternative names for neuroglia.

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that is known to have an "excitatory" effect on skeletal muscle. This means that when acetylcholine is released in the neuromuscular junction, it stimulates the muscle fibers to contract. This is in contrast to its effect on involuntary muscles, where acetylcholine can have both excitatory and inhibitory effects depending on the specific muscle and its function. Therefore, the correct answer is that acetylcholine is "excitatory" on skeletal muscle.

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in the central nervous system. It can have both excitatory and inhibitory effects on target neurons, depending on the specific receptors it binds to. This dual action allows acetylcholine to modulate various cognitive functions, including memory formation and retrieval. Therefore, the statement that acetylcholine is both excitatory and inhibitory and involved in memory is true.

Astrocytes are the most numerous and largest glial cells in the central nervous system. They provide structural support to neurons, regulate the chemical environment of the brain, and help maintain the blood-brain barrier. Astrocytes also play a crucial role in synaptic transmission, as they regulate the levels of neurotransmitters and ions in the extracellular space. Additionally, they are involved in the repair of brain injuries and the formation of scar tissue. Overall, astrocytes are essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.

The correct answer is Both A & B because each of the divisions, ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) and SNS (Somatic Nervous System), is present in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes all the nerves that extend from the central nervous system to the rest of the body. Therefore, both divisions are found in both the central and peripheral regions of the nervous system.

The threshold potential is the membrane potential that must be reached in order for an action potential to be generated in a neuron. It is the critical level of depolarization required to open voltage-gated sodium channels and initiate an action potential. In this case, the correct answer is -59 mv, which means that the membrane potential must reach -59 mv for an action potential to be triggered.

The given statement is false. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), bundles of nerve fibers are called nerves, not tracts. Tracts refer to bundles of nerve fibers in the central nervous system (CNS). Nerves in the PNS carry signals between the CNS and various parts of the body, while tracts in the CNS transmit signals between different regions within the brain or spinal cord.

Neuroma is a tumor in the nervous system. It can be either a common primary tumor or an uncommon primary tumor. Therefore, the correct answer is both A and C, as both options A (tumor in NS) and C (uncommon primary) are correct explanations for neuroma.

This statement is false because the absence of neurolima in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) does not necessarily mean there is no nerve repair. While neurolima cells are involved in nerve repair and regeneration, there are other mechanisms and cells in the PNS that can contribute to nerve repair, such as Schwann cells. Therefore, the absence of neurolima does not necessarily imply a complete lack of nerve repair in the PNS.

Summation is the release of both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters that determine if the action excites or inhibits.

The sodium-potassium pump is a type of active transport mechanism found in cell membranes. It helps maintain the electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane by pumping out three sodium ions (Na+) and pumping in two potassium ions (K+). This process requires ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to provide the energy needed for the pump to work. By pumping out sodium ions and pumping in potassium ions, the sodium-potassium pump helps establish and maintain the resting membrane potential of cells.