Life Science Ch. 15; The Nervous System

The correct answer is Brain Stem. The brain stem is the part of the brain that connects the brain to the spinal cord. It is responsible for controlling basic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It also serves as a pathway for the transmission of signals between the brain and the rest of the body. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher cognitive functions. The cerebellum is involved in coordinating movement and balance. The spinal cord is a long, cylindrical bundle of nerve fibers that connects the brain to the rest of the body and is responsible for transmitting sensory and motor signals.

The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture. It is located at the back of the brain, beneath the cerebrum. While the cerebrum is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking and problem-solving, the cerebellum plays a crucial role in motor control and coordination. It receives information from the sensory systems, spinal cord, and other parts of the brain to fine-tune movements and maintain balance. Therefore, based on its functions and location, it can be concluded that Structure B is the cerebellum.

The spinal cord is a thick column of nerve tissue that connects the brain to the peripheral nervous system. It is responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body, allowing for communication and coordination of bodily functions. The spinal cord also plays a crucial role in reflex actions, as it can process and respond to certain stimuli without the involvement of the brain.

The cerebellum is responsible for controlling balance in the body. It receives information from the sensory systems, such as the inner ear and the eyes, and uses this information to coordinate movements and maintain balance. The cerebellum also plays a crucial role in fine motor skills and coordination. Damage to the cerebellum can result in problems with balance and coordination, leading to difficulties in walking, standing, and performing everyday tasks.

The cerebrum is the correct answer because it is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, memory, and voluntary actions. It is divided into two hemispheres and contains various lobes that control different functions. The cerebrum also plays a crucial role in sensory perception and language processing.

The axon is the long "stringy" portion of a nerve cell along which a nerve impulse travels away from the cell body. It is responsible for transmitting electrical signals from the cell body to other neurons or target cells. Dendrites, on the other hand, receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body. Schwann cells are responsible for producing the myelin sheath that surrounds and insulates the axon. The synapse is the junction between two neurons where the transmission of signals occurs. Therefore, the correct answer is axon.

The given answer, "Spinal cord," is correct because the question asks for the part labeled "C," and the spinal cord is the only option labeled as such. The cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem are not labeled as "C" in the question. Therefore, the correct answer is the spinal cord.

It includes the sensory and motor neurons as well as autonomic nerves serving the lungs, heart, and other self-regulating organs.

The cerebrum is responsible for higher cognitive functions, including memory and problem-solving. Remembering math equations falls under the domain of memory, which is controlled by the cerebrum.

The lens of the eye bends light rays in such a way that the image produced is upside down. This is due to the way the lens focuses light onto the retina at the back of the eye. The brain then processes this inverted image and flips it right side up, allowing us to perceive the world correctly.

A muscle contracts in response to an impulse carried by a motor neuron. Motor neurons are responsible for transmitting signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, allowing for voluntary movement. When an impulse is sent from the motor neuron to the muscle, it triggers a series of events that result in muscle contraction. Therefore, the correct answer is motor.

A synapse is the space between a dendrite and the cell body. This is where the transmission of signals occurs between neurons. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body, which then processes the information and sends it further along the neuron. The synapse plays a crucial role in communication between neurons and is essential for the functioning of the nervous system.

The cochlea is a part of the inner ear that contains receptors responsible for converting sound vibrations into nerve impulses. These receptors, called hair cells, are located within the cochlea's spiral-shaped structure. As sound waves enter the cochlea, they cause the hair cells to vibrate. These vibrations are then converted into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain via the auditory nerve, allowing us to perceive and interpret sound.

An interneuron is a type of neuron that serves as a connector between other neurons. It receives impulses from sensory neurons and sends them to motor neurons or other interneurons. In this case, the motor neuron is sending an impulse to an interneuron, which suggests that it is relaying the impulse to another neuron rather than directly controlling a muscle or gland.

The given answer correctly identifies the structures A, B, C, and D as the Lens, Optic nerve, Retina, and Iris respectively. The lens is a transparent structure that focuses light onto the retina. The optic nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain. The retina is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells. The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil.