Anatomy And Physiology Nervous System Quiz Trivia

The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The central nervous system is responsible for processing and coordinating information in the body. It receives sensory input from the peripheral nervous system and sends out motor commands to the muscles and organs. The central nervous system plays a crucial role in controlling bodily functions and behaviors.

The nervous system is responsible for many functions in the body, including sensing the internal and external environments, integrating sensory information, coordinating voluntary and involuntary activities, and controlling peripheral effectors. However, it does not directly control long-term functions such as growth. Growth is primarily regulated by hormones and other systems in the body, not by the nervous system.

Neurons that have several dendrites and a single axon are called multipolar. This classification is based on the number of processes arising from the cell body. Multipolar neurons are the most common type of neurons in the nervous system and are found in the brain and spinal cord. Their multiple dendrites allow them to receive signals from multiple sources, while the single axon transmits signals to other neurons or effector cells. This structural arrangement enables multipolar neurons to integrate and transmit information efficiently within the nervous system.

The somatic nervous system controls the skeletal muscles. This system is responsible for voluntary movements and is under conscious control. It allows us to move our limbs, perform actions, and engage in activities that require muscle coordination. The somatic nervous system receives sensory information from the environment and sends motor signals to the skeletal muscles, enabling us to interact with our surroundings.

The voluntary control of skeletal muscles is provided by the somatic nervous system. This system is responsible for transmitting signals from the brain to the skeletal muscles, allowing conscious control over their movement. Unlike the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary functions, the somatic nervous system allows individuals to consciously decide when and how to move their muscles. Therefore, the correct answer is somatic.

Satellite cells are a type of glial cell found in the peripheral nervous system, not the central nervous system. The other options listed (astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes) are all types of glial cells that are found in the central nervous system.

The synapse is the site of intercellular communication between neurons. It is a small gap between two neurons where electrical or chemical signals are transmitted. When an electrical impulse reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the neighboring neuron, transmitting the signal and allowing for communication between the two neurons. This process is crucial for the transmission of information throughout the nervous system.

The correct answer is sensory because sensory neurons are responsible for transmitting sensory information from the body to the central nervous system (CNS). They are part of the afferent division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and play a crucial role in detecting and relaying information about touch, temperature, pain, and other sensory stimuli to the brain for processing and interpretation.

Microglia are small phagocytic cells that are particularly noticeable in damaged tissue in the central nervous system (CNS). They are the resident immune cells of the CNS and play a crucial role in the immune response and inflammation. When tissue is damaged, microglia become activated and migrate to the site of injury to remove debris and dead cells through phagocytosis. Their presence in damaged tissue suggests their involvement in the clearance of cellular debris and the initiation of the inflammatory response in the CNS.

Neurons are specialized cells in the nervous system that are responsible for processing and transferring information. They receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptors, process the information, and transmit it to other neurons or target cells through electrical impulses. Neurons play a crucial role in various cognitive functions, such as perception, memory, and decision-making. They form complex networks and communicate with each other to ensure efficient information processing and transfer throughout the body.

Multipolar neurons are the most common type of neuron found in the central nervous system (CNS). These neurons have multiple processes or extensions, including one axon and multiple dendrites, which allow them to receive and transmit signals from and to multiple other neurons. This structural complexity enables multipolar neurons to integrate and process information from various sources, making them essential for coordinating and regulating neuronal activity in the CNS.

Damage to ependymal cells would most likely affect the formation of cerebrospinal fluid. Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, and they play a crucial role in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is a clear fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord, and it also helps in the exchange of nutrients and waste products. Damage to ependymal cells can disrupt the production and flow of CSF, leading to various neurological problems.

The correct answer is "unipolar" because in a unipolar neuron, the dendritic and axonal processes are continuous and the soma lies off to one side. This means that the neuron has a single process that extends from the cell body and branches into dendrites at one end and an axon at the other end. This type of neuron is commonly found in invertebrates and is involved in sensory functions.

The correct answer is "afferent." The peripheral nervous system is responsible for transmitting information between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system specifically brings sensory information from the body to the central nervous system. This includes signals such as touch, temperature, pain, and other sensory stimuli.

After a stroke, astrocytes accumulate within the affected brain region. Astrocytes are a type of glial cell that provide support and protection to neurons in the central nervous system. They help regulate the chemical environment, provide nutrients to neurons, and play a role in repairing damaged tissue. After a stroke, astrocytes migrate to the affected area and form scar tissue, which helps to limit the spread of damage and support the recovery process.

The axon is connected to the soma by the hillock. The axon hillock is a specialized region of the neuron where the axon originates. It is located at the base of the soma and serves as the site where action potentials are generated. This region contains a high concentration of voltage-gated ion channels, allowing for the rapid and efficient propagation of electrical signals along the axon. The axon hillock plays a crucial role in integrating and initiating the transmission of signals from the neuron's cell body to other neurons in the network.

The correct answer is satellite cells, microglia, schwann cells, and ependymal cells. These are all examples of glial cells, which are non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection to neurons in the nervous system. Satellite cells are found in ganglia and help regulate the environment around neurons. Microglia are immune cells that protect the brain and spinal cord from infections and injuries. Schwann cells form the myelin sheath around peripheral nerves, aiding in signal transmission. Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and assist in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

Ion channels that are always open and allow the passive movement of ions across the cell membrane are called passive or leak channels. These channels do not require any external stimulus or energy to open or close, and they are responsible for maintaining the resting membrane potential of the cell. On the other hand, active channels require specific signals or changes in the cell's environment to open or close, gated channels are regulated by specific signals or ligands, and local channels are not recognized terms in the context of ion channels.

Oligodendrocytes are responsible for forming the myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). These specialized cells play a crucial role in insulating and protecting the axons, allowing for faster and more efficient transmission of electrical signals. By wrapping around the axons, oligodendrocytes create multiple layers of myelin, which act as an insulating material and help to maintain the integrity and functionality of the nervous system.