Lecture Quiz 4 Nervous System

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  • 1/221 Questions

    A neuron may have

    • One axon and many dendrites
    • One dendrite and many axons
    • No dendrites
    • No axons
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Nervous System Quizzes & Trivia
About This Quiz

Lecture Quiz 4 Nervous System explores key aspects of human nervous system structure and function, assessing knowledge on neurons, neuroglia, synapses, motor neurons, sensory receptors, and the system's primary functions. Ideal for students enhancing their understanding in neuroscience.

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  • 2. 

    The cerebral cortex consists of ________ matter.

    • Gray

    • White

    Correct Answer
    A. Gray
    Explanation
    The cerebral cortex consists of gray matter. Gray matter is a type of neural tissue in the brain that contains the cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses of neurons. It is responsible for processing information, making decisions, and controlling various functions of the body. The gray color comes from the high concentration of cell bodies and lack of myelin in this region. In contrast, white matter in the brain consists of axons, which are covered in myelin and responsible for transmitting signals between different regions of the brain.

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  • 3. 

    Myelin

    • Is released from a neuron and travels to another neuron

    • Consists of layers of lipids and proteins that wrap around an axon

    • Is produced in response to bacterial infection

    • Is a form of chromatophilic substance that fills Schwann cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Consists of layers of lipids and proteins that wrap around an axon
    Explanation
    Myelin is a substance that wraps around an axon and consists of layers of lipids and proteins. This wrapping forms a protective covering around the axon, which helps to insulate and speed up the transmission of electrical signals along the neuron. It acts as an insulator, preventing the loss of electrical signals and allowing them to travel more efficiently along the axon. Therefore, the correct answer is that myelin consists of layers of lipids and proteins that wrap around an axon.

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  • 4. 

    Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by _______ and it _________.

    • Dura mater; maintains a stable ionic concentration in the CNS

    • Choroid plexuses in the ventricles; protects the brain from blows to the skull

    • Arachnoid villi in the dura sinus; provides a pathway to the blood for waste

    • Capillaries in the dura mater of the ventricles; moistens the surface of the brain

    Correct Answer
    A. Choroid plexuses in the ventricles; protects the brain from blows to the skull
  • 5. 

    Postganglionic axons are:

    • Myelinated

    • Unmyelinated

    Correct Answer
    A. Unmyelinated
    Explanation
    Postganglionic axons are unmyelinated. Myelination refers to the presence of a myelin sheath, which is a fatty covering that insulates and speeds up the conduction of nerve impulses. In the autonomic nervous system, postganglionic axons are responsible for transmitting signals from the autonomic ganglia to the target organs. Unlike preganglionic axons, which are myelinated, postganglionic axons lack a myelin sheath. This lack of myelination allows for a slower conduction of nerve impulses, which is important for the fine-tuning and modulation of autonomic responses.

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  • 6. 

    Every neuron has

    • Many axons

    • A cell body

    • Myelin

    • A neurilemma

    Correct Answer
    A. A cell body
    Explanation
    Every neuron has a cell body, which is the main part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and other organelles. The cell body is responsible for the basic metabolic functions of the neuron and integrates incoming signals from the dendrites. It also generates electrical impulses that are transmitted to other neurons through the axons. While neurons can have multiple axons, myelin, and a neurilemma, these are not present in every neuron and are not essential components of every neuron.

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  • 7. 

    Presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters by

    • Endocytosis

    • Exocytosis

    • Diffusion

    • Active ransport

    Correct Answer
    A. Exocytosis
    Explanation
    Exocytosis is the process by which presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters. During exocytosis, neurotransmitter-filled vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane, allowing the neurotransmitters to be released into the synaptic cleft. This process requires energy and is regulated by calcium ions. Once released, the neurotransmitters can bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, transmitting the signal across the synapse. Therefore, exocytosis is the correct answer as it accurately describes the mechanism by which neurotransmitters are released from presynaptic neurons.

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  • 8. 

    When an action potential passes over the surface of a synaptic knob, the contents of the vesicles are released in response to the response to the presence of

    • Calcium ions

    • Sodium ions

    • Neurotransmitters

    • Neuropeptides

    Correct Answer
    A. Calcium ions
    Explanation
    When an action potential passes over the surface of a synaptic knob, the depolarization of the membrane allows calcium ions to enter the knob through voltage-gated calcium channels. The increase in calcium concentration inside the knob triggers the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane, leading to the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, transmitting the signal to the next neuron or target cell.

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  • 9. 

    We lack awareness of many of our bodies' systems for maintaining homeostasis.  The sensations, movements, and secretions of organs such as heart and intestines are governed by the:

    • Autonomic nervous system

    • Somatic nervous system

    Correct Answer
    A. Autonomic nervous system
    Explanation
    The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating and controlling the involuntary functions of our body, such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing. It works automatically and without conscious effort, maintaining homeostasis by constantly monitoring and adjusting these bodily processes. On the other hand, the somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements and sensory information from our external environment. Therefore, since the question mentions the sensations, movements, and secretions of organs, it is clear that the correct answer is the autonomic nervous system.

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  • 10. 

    Which system engages in mass activation?

    • Parasympathetic nervous system

    • Sympathetic nervous system

    Correct Answer
    A. Sympathetic nervous system
    Explanation
    The sympathetic nervous system engages in mass activation. This system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response in the body, which is a widespread activation of various physiological processes to prepare the body for a perceived threat or danger. It increases heart rate, dilates blood vessels, stimulates the release of stress hormones, and triggers other responses that help the body respond quickly and effectively to a stressful situation.

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  • 11. 

    Which cranial nerves are associated with the parasympathetic division of the ANS? a. III b. IV c. V d. VII e. IX f. X g. XII

    • A,d,e,f

    • B,c,d,e

    • A,c,d,g

    • B,e,f,g

    Correct Answer
    A. A,d,e,f
    Explanation
    The cranial nerves associated with the parasympathetic division of the ANS are III (oculomotor nerve), VII (facial nerve), IX (glossopharyngeal nerve), and X (vagus nerve). These cranial nerves innervate various organs and glands in the head and neck region, controlling functions such as pupil constriction, salivation, tear production, and digestion.

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  • 12. 

    Activation of parasympathetic  fibers in pelvic splanchnic nerves leads to:

    • Increased smooth muscle mobility in the digestive tract

    • Decreased smooth muscle mobility in the digestive tract

    Correct Answer
    A. Increased smooth muscle mobility in the digestive tract
    Explanation
    Activation of parasympathetic fibers in pelvic splanchnic nerves leads to increased smooth muscle mobility in the digestive tract. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for promoting rest and digestion. When these fibers are activated, they release neurotransmitters that stimulate the smooth muscles in the digestive tract, causing them to contract and increase their mobility. This helps to propel food and waste materials through the digestive system, promoting digestion and elimination.

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  • 13. 

    When the Achilles tendon is tapped or the bottom of the foot is stroked, the reflexive response is that the foot:

    • Plantar flexes

    • Dorsiflexes

    • Inverts

    • Everts

    Correct Answer
    A. Plantar flexes
    Explanation
    When the Achilles tendon is tapped or the bottom of the foot is stroked, the reflexive response is that the foot plantar flexes. Plantar flexion refers to the movement of the foot in which the toes point downward and away from the body. This reflexive response is a normal reaction to the stimulation of the Achilles tendon or the sole of the foot, and it helps to maintain balance and stability while standing or walking.

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  • 14. 

    If the general interpretative area of the dominant hemisphere is damaged i a child, the

    • Corresponding region on the opposite side of the brain may take over the interpretative functions.

    • Child will fail to learn language

    • Child will do poorly in math

    • Child will have difficulty concentrating

    Correct Answer
    A. Corresponding region on the opposite side of the brain may take over the interpretative functions.
    Explanation
    If the general interpretative area of the dominant hemisphere is damaged in a child, the corresponding region on the opposite side of the brain may take over the interpretative functions. This means that even though the dominant hemisphere is responsible for language and cognitive functions, if it is damaged, the non-dominant hemisphere may compensate and take over these functions. Therefore, the child may not necessarily fail to learn language, do poorly in math, or have difficulty concentrating, as the opposite hemisphere can step in to fulfill these interpretative functions.

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  • 15. 

    Which division functions to increase alertness and direct bodily responses in stressful situations?

    • Parasympathetic

    • Sympathetic

    Correct Answer
    A. Sympathetic
    Explanation
    The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system functions to increase alertness and direct bodily responses in stressful situations. This division is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which prepares the body to respond to perceived threats or dangers. It activates various physiological responses such as increased heart rate, dilation of the pupils, and release of stress hormones like adrenaline. These responses help to increase alertness, prepare the body for action, and enhance the ability to deal with stress.

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  • 16. 

    Sensory receptors

    • Monitor light

    • Monitor sound

    • Detects changes in and outside the body

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Sensory receptors are specialized cells that detect and respond to stimuli from the environment or within the body. They are responsible for monitoring various sensory inputs such as light and sound. Additionally, sensory receptors also detect changes in the internal and external environment of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above" because sensory receptors perform all these functions.

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  • 17. 

    Reflexes are described as:

    • Slow and spontaneous

    • Spontaneous and self-initiating

    • Pre-programmed and voluntary

    • Rapid and involuntary

    Correct Answer
    A. Rapid and involuntary
    Explanation
    Reflexes are rapid and involuntary actions that occur in response to a stimulus. They are automatic and do not require conscious thought or decision-making. When a stimulus is detected by sensory receptors, nerve impulses are quickly transmitted to the spinal cord or brainstem, bypassing the conscious brain. This results in a rapid and involuntary response, such as pulling your hand away from a hot object or blinking when something comes towards your eye.

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  • 18. 

    What is the correct order for the cranial meninges, from superficial to deep? a. dura mater b. pia mater c. arachnoid mater

    • A,b,c

    • A,c,b

    • B,a,c

    • B,c,a

    • C,b,a

    Correct Answer
    A. A,c,b
    Explanation
    The correct order for the cranial meninges, from superficial to deep, is dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The dura mater is the outermost layer, followed by the arachnoid mater, and finally the pia mater, which is the innermost layer.

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  • 19. 

    The Nervous System

    • Detects changes in the internal and enternal environment

    • Controls the movements of muscles

    • Integrates information from several sources and uses it to determine an appropriate response

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The nervous system is responsible for detecting changes in both the internal and external environment. It also controls the movements of muscles. Additionally, the nervous system integrates information from various sources and uses it to determine an appropriate response. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."

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  • 20. 

    Which of the following is (are) a type of neuroglia?

    • Astrocyte

    • Oligodendrocyte

    • Schwann cell

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All of the above" because all three options mentioned - astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, and Schwann cell - are types of neuroglia. Neuroglia, also known as glial cells, are non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that provide support and protection to neurons. Astrocytes are star-shaped cells that provide structural support, regulate the chemical environment around neurons, and help form the blood-brain barrier. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells are responsible for producing myelin, a fatty substance that insulates and speeds up the conduction of electrical signals along axons.

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  • 21. 

    What is the correct order for the parts of the spinal cord, from the superior to inferior?

    • Cervical-thoracic-sacral-coccygeal-lumbar

    • Cervical-thoracic-lumbar-sacral-coccygeal

    • Thoracic-lumbar-sacral-cervical-coccygeal

    • Thoracic-cervical-lumbar-coccygeal-sacral

    • Thoracic-lumbar-saccral-coccygeal-cervical

    Correct Answer
    A. Cervical-thoracic-lumbar-sacral-coccygeal
    Explanation
    The correct order for the parts of the spinal cord, from superior to inferior, is cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. This order follows the natural progression of the spinal cord from the uppermost region (cervical) to the lowermost region (coccygeal).

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  • 22. 

    The portion of the brain involved primarily with vision is the:

    • Occipital lobe

    • Temporal lobe

    • Insula

    • Parietal lobe

    • Frontal lobe

    Correct Answer
    A. Occipital lobe
    Explanation
    The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information. It is located at the back of the brain and contains the primary visual cortex, which receives and processes visual stimuli from the eyes. This lobe plays a crucial role in interpreting and making sense of the visual world, including recognizing objects, colors, and shapes.

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  • 23. 

    A traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from

    • An open head wound

    • Mechanical force

    • An infection

    • Poisoning

    Correct Answer
    A. Mechanical force
    Explanation
    A traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when the brain is damaged due to a mechanical force. This force can be caused by various factors such as a blow to the head, a fall, or a car accident. In contrast, an open head wound, infection, or poisoning may cause other types of injuries but not specifically a TBI. Therefore, the correct answer is mechanical force.

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  • 24. 

    Which division functions to conserve energy and replenish the supply of nutrients?

    • Parasympathetic

    • Somatic

    • Sympathetic

    Correct Answer
    A. Parasympathetic
    Explanation
    The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system functions to conserve energy and replenish the supply of nutrients. It is responsible for promoting rest and digestion, slowing down heart rate, constricting pupils, and stimulating the release of digestive enzymes. This division helps the body to relax, conserve energy, and restore resources after periods of stress or activity.

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  • 25. 

    Which type of innervation causes reduced blood flow to the digestive tract?

    • Parasympathetic

    • Sympathetic

    Correct Answer
    A. Sympathetic
    Explanation
    The sympathetic innervation causes reduced blood flow to the digestive tract. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response, which diverts blood away from non-essential organs, such as the digestive tract, and towards the muscles and other organs needed for immediate physical activity. This redirection of blood flow helps to increase alertness and prepare the body for action in stressful situations.

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  • 26. 

    Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by the:

    • Choroid plexus

    • Arachnoid villi

    • Septum pellucidum

    • Mesencephalic aqueduct

    Correct Answer
    A. Choroid plexus
    Explanation
    Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by the choroid plexus. The choroid plexus is a network of blood vessels located in the ventricles of the brain. It produces cerebrospinal fluid by filtering blood plasma and secreting it into the ventricles. This fluid then circulates around the brain and spinal cord, providing cushioning and support to the nervous system. The arachnoid villi are responsible for reabsorbing cerebrospinal fluid, not forming it. The septum pellucidum is a thin membrane that separates the lateral ventricles, and the mesencephalic aqueduct is a narrow channel connecting the third and fourth ventricles.

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  • 27. 

    Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear

    • White

    • Gray

    • Brown

    • Transparent

    Correct Answer
    A. White
    Explanation
    Myelinated nerve fibers are composed of axons that are surrounded by a myelin sheath, which is made up of a fatty substance called myelin. This myelin sheath gives the fibers a white appearance. Therefore, the correct answer is white.

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  • 28. 

    Viagra is a drug used to treat erectile dysfunction by dilating the arteries in the penis.  The neurotransmitter that viagra affects is

    • Acetylcholine

    • Nitric Oxide

    • Serotonin

    • Histamine

    Correct Answer
    A. Nitric Oxide
    Explanation
    Viagra works by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down nitric oxide in the body. Nitric oxide is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in relaxing and dilating blood vessels, including those in the penis. By blocking the breakdown of nitric oxide, Viagra helps to increase the levels of this neurotransmitter, leading to improved blood flow to the penis and facilitating an erection. Therefore, the correct answer is Nitric Oxide.

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  • 29. 

    Cerebrospinal fluid is

    • Clear and liquid

    • White and thick

    • Red

    • Yellow in the CNS and clear in the PNS

    Correct Answer
    A. Clear and liquid
    Explanation
    Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is clear and liquid. CSF is a clear, colorless fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It acts as a cushion, protecting the central nervous system from injury. It also helps to remove waste products and deliver nutrients to the brain. CSF is produced by specialized cells in the brain called choroid plexus and circulates through the ventricles and subarachnoid space. Its clear and liquid nature allows it to effectively perform its functions in the CNS.

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  • 30. 

    A lumbar puncture is

    • An infection of the cerebrospinal fluid

    • A blockage in peripheral nerve transmission

    • A test of the pressure that the cerebrospinal fluid is under

    • A procedure to correct a spinal cord injury

    Correct Answer
    A. A test of the pressure that the cerebrospinal fluid is under
    Explanation
    A lumbar puncture is a medical procedure performed to measure the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid. This involves inserting a needle into the lower back to collect a sample of the fluid and measure its pressure. It is commonly used to diagnose conditions such as meningitis, multiple sclerosis, and other neurological disorders. By evaluating the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid, healthcare professionals can gain valuable insights into the functioning of the central nervous system and identify any abnormalities or diseases affecting the brain and spinal cord.

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  • 31. 

    The embryonic feature that gives rise to the anterior and lateral horns of gray matter is the _______ plate.

    • Basal

    • Alar

    • Ulnar

    • Anterior

    • Posterior

    Correct Answer
    A. Basal
    Explanation
    The embryonic feature that gives rise to the anterior and lateral horns of gray matter is the basal plate.

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  • 32. 

    If a resting potential becomes more negative, the membrane is

    • Depolarized

    • Hyperpolarized

    • Repolarized

    • Summated

    Correct Answer
    A. Hyperpolarized
    Explanation
    If a resting potential becomes more negative, it means that the membrane potential is decreasing below its normal resting level. Hyperpolarization occurs when the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential. Therefore, the correct answer is hyperpolarized.

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  • 33. 

    An immune response that affects the myelin coating on axons throughout the spinal cord and brain, triggering inflammation and leaving scars is

    • Muscular dystrophy

    • Multiple Sclerosis

    • Alzheimer Disease

    • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Multiple Sclerosis
    Explanation
    Multiple Sclerosis is the correct answer because it is an autoimmune disease that affects the myelin coating on axons in the spinal cord and brain. This immune response triggers inflammation and leads to the formation of scars, which can disrupt the normal functioning of the nervous system. Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the muscles, not the myelin coating. Alzheimer's disease primarily affects the brain and is characterized by the build-up of plaques and tangles, not inflammation and scarring. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles and does not involve the myelin coating.

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  • 34. 

    Reflexes help to control

    • Heart rate and blood pressure

    • Respiratory rate

    • Digestive activities

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Reflexes are involuntary responses that help to control various bodily functions. They are automatic and do not require conscious thought. In the case of heart rate and blood pressure, reflexes help to regulate these vital functions in response to changes in the body's needs. Similarly, reflexes play a role in controlling respiratory rate, adjusting it to maintain proper oxygen levels. Additionally, reflexes can influence digestive activities, such as the release of enzymes and contraction of muscles in the digestive system. Therefore, all of the above options are correct.

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  • 35. 

    Preganglionic axons of the ANS release:

    • Acetylcholine

    • Norepinephrine

    • Either acetylcholine or norepinephrine

    Correct Answer
    A. Acetylcholine
    Explanation
    Preganglionic axons of the ANS release acetylcholine. This neurotransmitter is responsible for transmitting signals from the central nervous system to the ganglia of the autonomic nervous system. Acetylcholine is released by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS, and it acts as the primary neurotransmitter at the ganglia. Once released, acetylcholine binds to specific receptors on the postganglionic neurons, allowing for the transmission of signals to the target organs and tissues. Norepinephrine is released by postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division, not the preganglionic axons.

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  • 36. 

    The functional connection between two neurons is a?

    • Dendrite

    • Gap junction

    • Synapse

    • Neurotansmitter

    Correct Answer
    A. Synapse
    Explanation
    A synapse is the correct answer because it is the functional connection between two neurons. It is a junction where electrical or chemical signals are transmitted from one neuron to another. This allows for communication and the transfer of information between neurons in the nervous system. Dendrites are extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons, but they are not the functional connection itself. Gap junctions are channels that allow direct electrical communication between neurons, but they are not specific to the functional connection between neurons. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses, but they are not the functional connection itself.

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  • 37. 

    Three general functions of the nervous system are

    • Sensory, motor, and predictive

    • Integrative, motor, and sensory

    • Predictive, manipulative, and integrative

    • Reflexive, sensory, and predictive

    Correct Answer
    A. Integrative, motor, and sensory
    Explanation
    The correct answer is integrative, motor, and sensory. The nervous system has the function of integrating information from various sources, such as sensory organs, and processing it to produce appropriate responses. Motor function involves the transmission of signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands, resulting in movement or secretion. Sensory function involves the reception and transmission of information from sensory organs to the brain and spinal cord, allowing for the perception of stimuli.

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  • 38. 

    The neurotransmitter most likely produced when a person uses a drug that creates a sense of well-being is

    • Glutamic acid

    • Dopamine

    • Enkephalin

    • Substance Q

    Correct Answer
    A. Dopamine
    Explanation
    When a person uses a drug that creates a sense of well-being, the neurotransmitter most likely produced is dopamine. Dopamine is associated with pleasure, reward, and motivation. It is released in response to rewarding stimuli, such as drugs, and contributes to the feeling of well-being and euphoria. Therefore, the increase in dopamine levels caused by the drug is responsible for the sense of well-being experienced by the person.

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  • 39. 

    The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary muscular movements is the

    • Cerebrum

    • Brainstem

    • Cerebellum

    • Corpus callosum

    Correct Answer
    A. Cerebellum
    Explanation
    The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary muscular movements. It receives information from various parts of the brain and sensory systems, and then sends signals to the muscles to control their movements. It helps maintain balance, posture, and coordination, allowing smooth and precise movements. The cerebellum also plays a role in motor learning and fine-tuning movements. Unlike the cerebrum, which is involved in higher cognitive functions, the cerebellum primarily focuses on motor control. Therefore, the correct answer is cerebellum.

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  • 40. 

    Which system has long preganglionic axons and therefore ganglia that are relatively far from the central nervous system?

    • Parasympathetic nervous system

    • Somatic nervous system

    • Sympathetic nervous system

    Correct Answer
    A. Parasympathetic nervous system
    Explanation
    The parasympathetic nervous system has long preganglionic axons and ganglia that are relatively far from the central nervous system. This system is responsible for conserving energy and promoting rest and digestion. It is involved in activities such as slowing heart rate, constricting pupils, and stimulating digestion.

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  • 41. 

    The most rapid conduction of an impulse along an axon occurs on a fiber that is

    • Thick and myelinated

    • Thick and unmyelinated

    • Thin an myelinated

    • Thin and unmyelinated

    Correct Answer
    A. Thick and myelinated
    Explanation
    Thick and myelinated fibers allow for the most rapid conduction of an impulse along an axon because the thickness of the fiber allows for a larger surface area for ion exchange, which speeds up the conduction of the impulse. Additionally, the myelin sheath acts as an insulator, preventing the dissipation of the electrical signal and allowing it to travel faster along the axon. Therefore, a combination of thickness and myelination is ideal for rapid impulse conduction.

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  • 42. 

    Neurotransmitters that are modified amino acids are

    • Dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, and norepineephrine

    • Enkephalins, endorphins, and sunstance P

    • Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and GABA

    • Potassium, sodium, and calcium ions

    Correct Answer
    A. Dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, and norepineephrine
    Explanation
    The correct answer is dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters are modified amino acids because they are derived from the amino acid tyrosine. Dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine play important roles in the brain and body. Dopamine is involved in reward and motivation, serotonin regulates mood and sleep, and epinephrine and norepinephrine are involved in the body's stress response. Being modified amino acids, these neurotransmitters have specific chemical structures that allow them to transmit signals between nerve cells.

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  • 43. 

    The meninges consist of

    • The brain and spinal cord

    • The membranes that delineate all of the major brain parts

    • The pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater

    • Nerve tracts that run up and down the spinal cord

    Correct Answer
    A. The pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater. The meninges are the protective membranes that surround and cover the brain and spinal cord. The pia mater is the innermost layer, closely adhering to the brain and spinal cord. The arachnoid mater is the middle layer, creating a space called the subarachnoid space where cerebrospinal fluid circulates. The dura mater is the outermost and toughest layer, providing additional protection. Together, these three layers of the meninges help protect the central nervous system from injury and provide support and nutrients to the brain and spinal cord.

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  • 44. 

    Most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are

    • Bipolar

    • Unipolar

    • Multipolar

    • Nonpolar

    Correct Answer
    A. Multipolar
    Explanation
    Most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are multipolar. This means that they have multiple processes or extensions emanating from the cell body, including one axon and multiple dendrites. This allows for efficient communication and connectivity between neurons, as the axon can transmit signals to other neurons, while the dendrites receive signals from other neurons. The multipolar structure is well-suited for the complex and intricate network of connections within the brain and spinal cord.

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  • 45. 

    Dendrites on the unipolar neurons are parts of

    • Sensory neurons

    • Motor neurons

    • Interneurons

    • Efferent Neurons

    Correct Answer
    A. Sensory neurons
    Explanation
    Dendrites are the branch-like structures that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body. Sensory neurons are responsible for transmitting sensory information from the sensory organs to the central nervous system. Therefore, dendrites on the unipolar neurons are parts of sensory neurons as they receive signals from sensory organs and transmit them to the cell body for further processing.

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  • 46. 

    A stimulus great enough to change the membrane potential and propagate an action potential is said to have reached

    • Recruitment

    • Threshold

    • Summation

    • Tetanus

    Correct Answer
    A. Threshold
    Explanation
    When a stimulus is strong enough to cause a change in the membrane potential and trigger an action potential, it is said to have reached the threshold. The threshold is the minimum level of stimulation required for an action potential to be generated. Once the threshold is reached, the action potential is propagated along the neuron. This is an important concept in understanding how neurons transmit signals and communicate with each other.

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  • 47. 

    The neurotransmitter that controls skeletal muscle contraction is

    • Beta endorphin

    • Nitric acid

    • Acetylcholine

    • GABA

    Correct Answer
    A. Acetylcholine
    Explanation
    Acetylcholine is the correct answer because it is the neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting signals from motor neurons to skeletal muscles, leading to muscle contraction. When released from the motor neurons, acetylcholine binds to receptors on the muscle fibers, triggering a series of events that result in muscle contraction. This neurotransmitter plays a crucial role in the control of voluntary movements and is essential for proper skeletal muscle function. Beta endorphin, nitric acid, and GABA are not involved in skeletal muscle contraction and do not serve as the primary neurotransmitter for this process.

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  • 48. 

    The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of

    • Spinal and cranial nerves

    • The brain and spinal cord

    • The cerebrum and cerebellum

    • Nerves in the upper and lower limbs

    Correct Answer
    A. The brain and spinal cord
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "the brain and spinal cord." The Central Nervous System (CNS) is composed of the brain and spinal cord. These two vital organs are responsible for processing and coordinating information throughout the body. The brain controls functions such as thoughts, emotions, and voluntary movements, while the spinal cord serves as a pathway for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body. Together, they play a crucial role in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis.

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  • 49. 

    In a subdural hematoma resulting from a blow to the head, blood accumulates between the

    • Dura mater and the skull

    • Dura mater and arachnoid mater

    • Pia mater and brain

    • Arachnoid mater and brain

    Correct Answer
    A. Dura mater and arachnoid mater
    Explanation
    A subdural hematoma is a condition where blood accumulates between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater. The dura mater is the tough outermost layer of the meninges, while the arachnoid mater is the middle layer. When a blow to the head occurs, blood vessels can rupture, leading to bleeding between these two layers. This accumulation of blood can put pressure on the brain, causing symptoms such as headache, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Therefore, the correct answer is dura mater and arachnoid mater.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 21, 2023 +

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Jul 19, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Bwshipley

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