What Is Psychology? (Ch 1,2)
Intro to psychology quiz.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What is an action that can be observed or measured?
- A.
Structuralism
- B.
Behavior
- C.
Hypothesis
- D.
Psychodynamic thinking
Correct Answer
B. BehaviorExplanation
Behavior is an action that can be observed or measured. It refers to any observable or measurable action, reaction, or response of an individual or organism. It can include a wide range of activities such as physical movements, verbal communication, facial expressions, and emotional reactions. By studying behavior, researchers can gather empirical data and make objective observations about an individual or group's actions, which can help in understanding various psychological processes and phenomena.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Who wrote the first modern psychology textbook?
- A.
John B. Watson
- B.
Wilhelm Wundt
- C.
B.F. Skinner
- D.
William James
Correct Answer
D. William JamesExplanation
William James is considered to have written the first modern psychology textbook. He published "The Principles of Psychology" in 1890, which became a seminal work in the field. James was an American psychologist and philosopher who made significant contributions to the development of psychology as a scientific discipline. His textbook provided a comprehensive overview of various psychological topics and theories, and it played a crucial role in establishing psychology as a distinct field of study.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Who founded structuralism?
- A.
Wilhelm Wundt
- B.
John B. Watson
- C.
William James
- D.
Max Wertheimer
Correct Answer
A. Wilhelm WundtExplanation
Wilhelm Wundt is the correct answer because he is considered the founder of structuralism. He established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879, where he conducted experiments and observations to study the structure of the human mind. Wundt believed that by analyzing the basic elements of consciousness, such as sensations and feelings, one could understand the overall structure of the mind. His approach laid the foundation for the development of structuralism as a psychological school of thought.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which philosopher outlined the laws of associationism?
- A.
B.F. Skinner
- B.
John B. Watson
- C.
Aristotle
- D.
Sigmund Frued
Correct Answer
C. AristotleExplanation
Aristotle is the correct answer because he was the philosopher who outlined the laws of associationism. Associationism is a psychological theory that suggests that our thoughts and behaviors are formed through the association of ideas and experiences. Aristotle believed that our minds naturally associate ideas and that this association is the basis for learning and memory. He outlined these laws of association in his work, "De Memoria et Reminiscentia" (On Memory and Reminiscence).Rate this question:
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- 5.
Who introduced the concept of reinforcement?
- A.
Hippocrates
- B.
Aristotle
- C.
William James
- D.
B.F. Skinner
Correct Answer
D. B.F. SkinnerExplanation
B.F. Skinner introduced the concept of reinforcement. Skinner was a psychologist and behaviorist who developed the theory of operant conditioning, which focuses on how behaviors are influenced by their consequences. He believed that reinforcement, either positive or negative, is a powerful tool in shaping and controlling behavior. Skinner conducted numerous experiments with animals and humans to support his theory and demonstrated that reinforcement can be used to increase the likelihood of a desired behavior occurring again in the future. His work had a significant impact on the field of psychology and continues to be influential today.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Who founded the school of behaviorism?
- A.
John B. Watson
- B.
Plato
- C.
Nicolaus Copernicus
- D.
Wilhelm Wundt
Correct Answer
A. John B. WatsonExplanation
John B. Watson is the correct answer because he is widely recognized as the founder of the school of behaviorism. Behaviorism is a psychological approach that emphasizes the study of observable behaviors and the role of the environment in shaping behavior. Watson's famous "Little Albert" experiment, in which he conditioned a young child to fear a white rat, is a classic example of behaviorist principles. His work laid the foundation for the behaviorist movement and had a significant impact on the field of psychology.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Who founded psychoanalysis?
- A.
John Locke
- B.
Issac Newton
- C.
Sigmund Frued
- D.
Kurt Koffka
Correct Answer
C. Sigmund FruedExplanation
Sigmund Freud is the correct answer because he is widely recognized as the founder of psychoanalysis. He developed this field of study in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, revolutionizing the understanding of the human mind and behavior. Freud's theories, such as the unconscious mind, the role of dreams, and the importance of early childhood experiences, have had a significant impact on psychology and continue to be influential today.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What is the school of psychology that looks at the basic elements of conscious experience?
- A.
Behavorism
- B.
Psychodynamic thinking
- C.
Gestalt psychology
- D.
Structuralism
Correct Answer
D. StructuralismExplanation
Structuralism is the school of psychology that focuses on analyzing the basic elements of conscious experience. It emphasizes the study of the structure of the mind and the identification of its fundamental components. Structuralists believe that by breaking down conscious experiences into their basic elements, a deeper understanding of the mind can be achieved. This approach was pioneered by Wilhelm Wundt and his followers, who used introspection as a method to study the structure of the mind.Rate this question:
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- 9.
What type of psychologist is trained to evaluate psychological problems through the use of interviews and psychological testing?
- A.
Clinical psychologist
- B.
Educational psychologist
- C.
Conseling psychologist
- D.
Developmental psychologist
Correct Answer
A. Clinical psychologistExplanation
Clinical psychologists are trained to evaluate psychological problems through the use of interviews and psychological testing. They have expertise in diagnosing and treating mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. They work with individuals of all ages and backgrounds, using various assessment tools and techniques to understand and address their clients' psychological issues. Clinical psychologists often work in healthcare settings, private practices, or academic institutions, providing therapy, conducting research, and offering guidance to individuals seeking help for their psychological concerns.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What is a prediction or assumpition about behavior that is tested through scientific research?
- A.
Placebo
- B.
Hypothesis
- C.
Hypnosis
- D.
Motivation
Correct Answer
B. HypothesisExplanation
A hypothesis is a prediction or assumption about behavior that is tested through scientific research. It is a statement that can be tested and potentially proven or disproven through experimentation or observation. In the context of scientific research, a hypothesis serves as a tentative explanation for a phenomenon or a relationship between variables. It helps guide the research process and allows scientists to systematically investigate and gather evidence to support or refute the hypothesis.Rate this question:
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- 11.
What is an inert substance used in controlled experiments to test the effectiveness of another substance?
- A.
Placebo
- B.
Psychiatrist
- C.
Basic research
- D.
Forensic
Correct Answer
A. PlaceboExplanation
A placebo is an inert substance used in controlled experiments to test the effectiveness of another substance. It is often given to a control group, who believes they are receiving the active substance, but in reality, they are receiving a harmless substance with no therapeutic effect. This allows researchers to compare the effects of the active substance with the effects of the placebo, helping to determine the true effectiveness of the active substance. Placebos are commonly used in medical and psychological research to account for the placebo effect, where a person's belief in a treatment can influence their response to it.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What type of psychologist is concerned with helping students learn?
- A.
Counseling Psychology
- B.
Clinical Psychology
- C.
Educational Psychology
- D.
Developemental Psychology
Correct Answer
C. Educational PsychologyExplanation
Educational psychology is the correct answer because this branch of psychology focuses on understanding how students learn and develop in educational settings. Educational psychologists study various factors that influence learning, such as cognitive processes, motivation, and instructional strategies. They also work with teachers, parents, and administrators to improve educational practices and create supportive learning environments.Rate this question:
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