Quiz On The Study Of Behaviorism

Reinforcement and punishment are most commonly associated with operant conditioning. In operant conditioning, behaviors are strengthened or weakened through the use of rewards (reinforcement) or punishments. This type of conditioning focuses on the consequences of behavior, where behaviors that are reinforced are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors that are punished are less likely to be repeated. Classical conditioning, on the other hand, focuses on the association between stimuli and responses. Therefore, the correct answer is operant conditioning.

Pavlov is the correct answer because he is well-known for his experiments on classical conditioning. He conducted a famous experiment with dogs, where he conditioned them to salivate at the sound of a bell by pairing the bell with the presentation of food. This experiment demonstrated how a neutral stimulus (the bell) could become associated with a reflex response (salivation) through repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus (food). Pavlov's work laid the foundation for understanding how organisms learn and respond to stimuli in their environment.

Classical conditioning is the process of pairing a previously neutral stimulus with another stimulus to evoke a particular response. This means that through repeated associations, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that can elicit the same response as the original stimulus. Operant conditioning, on the other hand, involves learning through consequences and rewards. Therefore, the correct answer is classical conditioning.

Giving the entire class a free ice cream pass to use in the cafeteria would serve as positive reinforcement for the behavior of coming to class prepared. By rewarding the students with a desirable incentive, such as a free ice cream pass, it increases the likelihood that they will repeat the behavior of being prepared for class in the future. This positive reinforcement helps to reinforce the desired behavior and encourages students to continue being prepared for class.

Skinner is the correct answer because he was a psychologist known for his work on operant conditioning, which involves using rewards and punishments to shape behavior. He conducted experiments with rats and pigeons, training them to differentiate between light and dark through operant conditioning techniques. Watson and Pavlov are not known for their work on operant conditioning, making them incorrect choices.

In this situation, the teacher provided positive reinforcement by giving the well-behaved students free time on the computer. This is a reward that increases the likelihood of the desired behavior occurring again in the future. The teacher also provided positive punishment by giving the misbehaving students an extra, more difficult assignment. This is a consequence that decreases the likelihood of the undesired behavior happening again in the future. Therefore, the teacher used both positive reinforcement and positive punishment in their approach.

Watson is the correct answer because he conducted a controversial experiment involving a baby and a rat. This experiment, known as the "Little Albert" experiment, aimed to demonstrate the principles of classical conditioning by conditioning a fear response in a young child. Watson's work was highly influential in the field of behaviorism and had significant ethical implications.

The enforcement of having the child clean her underwear every time she has an accident is an example of positive punishment. Positive punishment involves the addition of an unpleasant consequence in order to decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again. In this case, the child is being given the task of cleaning her underwear, which is an undesirable consequence, in order to discourage her from having accidents and encourage her to use the toilet instead.

The correct answer is Skinner. Skinner is known for his experiments in operant conditioning, which involves using rewards and punishments to shape behavior. In this scenario, the dog is being trained through negative reinforcement, where the electric shock serves as a punishment to discourage the behavior of jumping on guests. This closely aligns with Skinner's principles of behavior modification through consequences.

This scenario is an example of negative punishment because the student loses 1 minute of recess every time she breaks a classroom rule. As a result, the undesired behavior (breaking rules) decreases because a positive stimulus (recess) is taken away. The removal of recess serves as a punishment, which leads to a decrease in rule-breaking behavior.