Western Civ Chapter 3
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The Hellenistic Period began and ended with the deaths of:
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Philip I in 359 B.C.E. and Philip V in 179 B.C.E.
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Alexander in 323 B.C.E. and Cleopatra VII in 30 B.C.E.
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Philip II in 322 B.C.E. and Ptolemy in 282 B.C.E.
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Alexander in 336 B.C.E. and Ptolemy XIII in 47 C.E.
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Explore key figures and events from Classical Athens in the 'Western Civ Chapter 3' quiz. Assess your knowledge on Socrates' followers, Plato's philosophical contributions, Aristotelian ethics, and pivotal battles involving Greek city-states. Ideal for students of history and philosophy aiming to deepen their understanding of ancient Greek influence.
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- 2.
What nationality were the kings and queens of the Hellenistic period?
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Thracian
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Egyptian
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Macedonian
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Persian
Correct Answer
A. MacedonianExplanation
Although Hellenistic rulers drew from the local population for government posts, they themselves were always of Macedonian descent.Rate this question:
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- 3.
All of the follwing were teachings or beliefs of Plato except:
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Women are incomplete versions of men
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There is an ultimate reality beyond the reach of human senses
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There is seperation between one's spiritual and physical beings
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Justice is impossible in a democracy
Correct Answer
A. Women are incomplete versions of menExplanation
According to Plato's Republic, women possess the same virtues and abilities as men.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The power of the Macedonian kings was derived from all of the following except:
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Their willingness to listen to their people about what needed improvement
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Their prowess in war and hunting
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Their ability to maintain the support of the nobles
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A stable and orderly dynastic succesion
Correct Answer
A. A stable and orderly dynastic succesionExplanation
Macedonian kings needed to maintain the support of their nobles, which they did by listening to their advice and by proving their abilities in war and hunting. Stable and orderly dynastic successions were rare.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following battles ended the Greek ability to act independently in international politics?
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The battle of Leuctra in 371 B.C.E.
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The battle of Mantinea in 362 B.C.E.
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The battle of Chaeronea in 338 B.C.E.
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The battle of Issus in 333 B.C.E.
Correct Answer
A. The battle of Chaeronea in 338 B.C.E.Explanation
Athens and Thebes tried to block Philip II's plans to dominate Greece, but were defeated at Chaeronea in 338 B.C.E. After their defeat, they retained their freedom in local matters, but were not allowed any autonomy in foreign policy.Rate this question:
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- 6.
_____________ was a philosophical school established by Plato.
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The Republic
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The Lyceum
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The Academy
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The Forms
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The Assembly
Correct Answer
A. The AcademyExplanation
The correct answer is The Academy. The Academy was a philosophical school founded by Plato in Athens around 387 BC. It was a place where students could engage in philosophical discussions and learn from Plato's teachings. The Academy played a significant role in the development of Western philosophy and produced many influential philosophers, including Aristotle.Rate this question:
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- 7.
All of the following city-states fought to dominate Greece after the Peloponnesian War except:
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Sparta
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Corinth
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Athens
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Thebes
Correct Answer
A. CorinthExplanation
Athens, Sparta and Thebes were the main rivals for dominance in Greece after the Peloponnesian War.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What was the Academy and where was it?
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It was a philosophical school established in Athens by Plato.
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It was a school in Athens specializing in scientific knowledge and founded by Aristotle.
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It was a gathering place for Stoics in the center of Athens.
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It was a garden in Athens where the Epicureans met for discussion.
Correct Answer
A. It was a philosophical school established in Athens by Plato.Explanation
Plato founded the Academy in Athens around 386 B.C.E. as an informal association of people who studied philosophy, mathematics, and theoretical astronomy.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Alexander kept ______ under his pillow.
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Plato's Republic
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Herodotus' Histories
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Sophocles Antigone
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Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War
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Homer's Illiad
Correct Answer
A. Homer's IlliadExplanation
Alexander kept Homer's Illiad under his pillow.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which mathematician calculated the approximate value of pi
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Archimedes of Syracuse
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Euclid of Alexandria
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Ctesibius of Alexandria
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Didymus of Alexandria
Correct Answer
A. Archimedes of SyracuseExplanation
Archimedes of Syracuse (287-212 B.C.E.) also devised a way to manipulate very large numbers.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Aristotle emphasized all of the following except:
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The need to develop habits of just behavior.
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Observation of the natural world.
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The benefits of a democratic system of government.
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A rigorous system of logical argument.
Correct Answer
A. The benefits of a democratic system of government.Explanation
Like Plato, Aristotle criticized democracy because it allowed the uneducated instead of more enlightened people to control politics.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Alexander believed he was descended from the god _______.
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Isis
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Zeus
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Hercules
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Apollo
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Athena
Correct Answer
A. ZeusExplanation
Alexander believed he was descended from the god Zeus because Zeus was considered the king of the gods in Greek mythology and was often associated with power and authority. As Alexander was a great military leader and conqueror, he likely saw himself as a divine figure and believed that his lineage traced back to Zeus, further legitimizing his claim to power.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following statements is false?
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Hellenistic poetry contained many allusions and complex references to mythology.
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In Hellenistic literature, the epigrams of women poets conveyed the depth of human emotion.
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Hellenistic sculpture and painting avoided portraying individual traits or personal emotions.
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Praxiteles became the first artist to sculpt Aphrodite completely nude.
Correct Answer
A. Hellenistic sculpture and painting avoided portraying individual traits or personal emotions.Explanation
One of the hallmarks of Hellenistic sculpture was a turn away from the idealized serenity of classical art in favor of a new emphasis on individual traits and personal emotions.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Approximately what percent of all adult men and women had to work the land to produce enough food to feed Hellenistic kingdoms?
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80 percent
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70 percent
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60 percent
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50 percent
Correct Answer
A. 80 percentExplanation
Most of the Hellenistic population lived in small villages. Farmers were often forced tenants on royal land; free peasants worked their own plots as well as the farms of wealthy landowners. Perhaps 80 percent of all adult men and women had to work the land to produce enough food to sustain the population.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Authors and artists in the Hellenistic period mostly concentrated on
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Historical themes that portrayed the greatness of Greek culture
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Universal themes designed to unite non-Greeks to Greek ideals and values
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Political themes designed to build support for the new monarchies
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Emotions and private life
Correct Answer
A. Emotions and private lifeExplanation
The freedom to comment on politics was limited and artists and authors in the Hellenistic period tended to concentrate on individual emotions and aspects of private life.Rate this question:
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- 16.
How did Philip II die?
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He died of wounds he recieved during the battle of Chaeronea
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He was assassinated by a Macedonian
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He died from a fever and heavy drinking after being depressed for months
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He was poisoned during a drinking bout
Correct Answer
A. He was assassinated by a MacedonianExplanation
Philip II was assassinated in 336 B.C.E.Rate this question:
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- 17.
For what charge was Socrates brought on trial and executed in 399 B.C.E
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Treason
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Slander
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Abandoning military service
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Impiety
Correct Answer
A. ImpietyExplanation
Because Socrates could not be accused of a political crime, his accusers charged him with acting in a way that angered the gods and threatened to bring divine punishment onto the city.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What was wrong with the model of the solar system by Aristarchus of Samos early in the third century B.C.E.?
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It was geocentric, although it correctly calculated the sizes of the earth and sun.
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It was heliocentric, but it incorrectly concluded that the earth was larger than the sun.
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It was heliocentric, but it incorrectly calculated the distance between earth and the sun.
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It was heliocentric, but it incorrectly assumed earth's orbit was circular instead of elliptical.
Correct Answer
A. It was heliocentric, but it incorrectly assumed earth's orbit was circular instead of elliptical.Explanation
Although Aristarchus correctly believed that the earth revolved around the sun, his assumption that the earth moved in a circular orbit was problematic because calculations based on a circular orbit failed to correspond with the observed positions of other celestial objects.Rate this question:
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- 19.
All of the following are true of women in the Hellenistic period except:
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Greek women were able to take part and vote in assemblies and councils
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Queens could enjoy riches and high honor
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In Egypt, a bride, instead of her parents, made her own arrangements with the groom
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Rare women of exceptional wealth could enter public life, serving in local government
Correct Answer
A. Greek women were able to take part and vote in assemblies and councilsExplanation
Although women in the Hellenistic period could gain social influence and even in some cases serve in local government, women in Greece continued to be barred from assemblies and councils. They might still serve as honored queens.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which philosophy taught that life was fated, but that people should still pursue virtue?
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Skepticism
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Cynicism
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Stoicism
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Epicureanism
Correct Answer
A. StoicismExplanation
Stoicism was founded by Zeno (c. 333-262 B.C.E.) and taught that virtue consisted of putting oneself in harmony with the divine, rational force of the universe, Nature, and striving for virtue.Rate this question:
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- 21.
What were the principal jobs of the administrators of the Hellenistic kingdoms?
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Encouraging commerce and overseeing community education
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Leading public worship of the official gods and trying criminal cases
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Maintaining order and a strong military while directing the kingdom's tax system
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Defending the borders and sending reports to the capital
Correct Answer
A. Maintaining order and a strong military while directing the kingdom's tax systemExplanation
In this way, the goals and structures of Hellenistic royal administrations recalled those of the earlier Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian empires.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What was the Museum in Alexandria?
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It was the world's first scholarly research institute in which scholars dined and worked.
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It contained exhibits dedicated to the memory of Alexander.
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It was the storehouse of the treasures Ptolemy I collected on his campaigns in the east.
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It was a showcase of the art and learning of Classical Greece and a school for the elite.
Correct Answer
A. It was the world's first scholarly research institute in which scholars dined and worked.Explanation
Founded by the Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt, it housed more than a half million scrolls and sponsored scholars who wrote encyclopedias of knowledge.Rate this question:
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- 23.
A Roman army invaded and conquered Egypt in 30 B.C.E. because:
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They were trying to end a thirty-year war with Egypt.
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Egypt had attacked one of Rome's allies.
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Queen Cleopatra had supported the losing side in a Roman civil war.
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They were traveling through Egypt in order to invade Syria.
Correct Answer
A. Queen Cleopatra had supported the losing side in a Roman civil war.Explanation
Cleopatra had sided with Augustus's enemy Marc Antony. When they were defeated in 30 B.C.E., Egypt was absorbed into the Roman Empire.Rate this question:
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- 24.
How did Alexander untie the famed Gordion knot?
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He had his advisors study it.
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He dedicated two days to unraveling it
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He greased the knot with pig fat.
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He cut it with his sword.
Correct Answer
A. He cut it with his sword.Explanation
Alexander cut the fabled impenetrable knot with his sword, thereby earning the lordship of Asia.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Philip II did all of the following except:
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Teach the infantry an unstoppable new tactic with their thrusting spears
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Dominate the Greek city-states through dipolmacy, bribery, and military action
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Defeat the hostile Illyrians on Macedonia's northern border
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Conquer the Persian empire and avenge the Persian wars
Correct Answer
A. Conquer the Persian empire and avenge the Persian warsExplanation
Although Philip II dreamed of conquering Persia, he died before this could happen. His son Alexander accomplished this instead.Rate this question:
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- 26.
What request by Alexander dumbfounded the Greeks?
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His request to receive the honors due a god
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His request for additional soldiers in order to conquer India
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His request that Athens be renamed Alexandria
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His request that Greeks settle in Persia
Correct Answer
A. His request to receive the honors due a godExplanation
Alexander never requested that Athens be renamed, and his requests for soldiers and colonists were not unusual. However, the Greeks never had a tradition of declaring their leaders to be gods.Rate this question:
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- 27.
What provoked the Jewish revolt led by Judah the Maccabee?
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Seleucid kings began selling Jews into slavery.
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A diplomatic misunderstanding arose between the Seleucid kings and the Jews.
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The Seleucid kingdom was weakening.
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The Seleucid king outlawed Judaism and converted the temple of Jerusalem into a Greek temple.
Correct Answer
A. The Seleucid king outlawed Judaism and converted the temple of Jerusalem into a Greek temple.Explanation
Antiochus IV (r. 175-163 B.C.E.) outlawed the practice of Jewish rites and turned the temple in Jerusalem into a Greek temple. After twenty-five years of war, revolt succeeded in winning Jewish independence from the Seleucids.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which of the following statements best describes Hellenistic kingdoms?
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Their territorial integrity was uncontested, while internal power struggles were common.
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Despite internal power struggles, Hellenistic monarchs maintained good diplomatic relations between each other.
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Hellenistic monarchs competed endlessly with one another for territory.
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Indigenous elites soon dominated Hellenistic royal dynasties through marriages and alliances.
Correct Answer
A. Hellenistic monarchs competed endlessly with one another for territory.Explanation
The death of Alexander was followed by years of civil war, as his successors fought constantly among themselves for territory.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which of the following statements is false?
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Hellenized Jews were Jews who adopted Greek culture and religion to advance socially.
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A revolt led by Judah the Maccabee eventually won Jewish independence from the Seleucids.
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Antiochus IV, a Seleucid king, outlawed the practice of Jewish religious rites.
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King Ptolemy II had the Hebrew Bible translated into Greek (the Septuagint).
Correct Answer
A. Hellenized Jews were Jews who adopted Greek culture and religion to advance socially.Explanation
Hellenized Jews adopted aspects of Greek culture and the Greek language, but they largely retained the ritual practices and habits of life that defined traditional Judaism and refused to worship Greek gods.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Alexander dealt with rival claimants to his throne by ________.
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Exiling them
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Marrying them into his family
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Offering them positions as generals
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Challenging them to a series of duels
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Killing them
Correct Answer
A. Killing themExplanation
Alexander dealt with rival claimants to his throne by killing them. This brutal approach ensured that there were no potential threats to his rule and solidified his position as the sole ruler. By eliminating his rivals, Alexander eliminated any chance of rebellion or opposition to his authority. This ruthless tactic was effective in maintaining his power and control over his kingdom.Rate this question:
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- 31.
_____ first calculated the approximate value of pi.
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Euclid
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Archimedes
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Aristarchus
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Eratosthenes
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Ctesibius
Correct Answer
A. ArchimedesExplanation
Archimedes is credited with calculating the approximate value of pi. He used a method of inscribed and circumscribed polygons to estimate the value of pi. By increasing the number of sides of the polygons, he was able to get closer and closer to the actual value of pi. This method, known as the method of exhaustion, allowed Archimedes to calculate pi with remarkable accuracy for his time.Rate this question:
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- 32.
_______ was the official language of the Hellenistic kingdoms.
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Macedonian
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Greek
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Persian
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Aramaic
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Latin
Correct Answer
A. GreekExplanation
During the Hellenistic period, which followed the conquests of Alexander the Great, Greek became the official language of the Hellenistic kingdoms. This was due to the influence of Greek culture and the spread of Greek language throughout the conquered territories. Greek was widely spoken and used for administration, trade, and cultural exchange in these kingdoms. The Hellenistic rulers, who admired Greek civilization, promoted the use of Greek as the common language to facilitate communication and integration within their diverse territories. Therefore, Greek became the official language of the Hellenistic kingdoms.Rate this question:
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- 33.
What was the outcome of Alexander's empire after his death?
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It was ruled first by his wife Roxane and later by his son.
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It was ruled by his mother Olympias until his son was old enough to ascend the throne.
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It fractured into countless smaller warring strongholds, beginning a second Dark Age.
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It was divided among three of Alexander's commanders.
Correct Answer
A. It was divided among three of Alexander's commanders.Explanation
Alexander's commanders divided his conquests into three major parts: Antigonus (c. 382-301 B.C.E.) took over in Anatolia, the Near East, Macedonia, and Greece; Seleucus (c. 358-281 B.C.E.) in Babylonia and the East as far as India; and Ptolemy (c. 367-382 B.C.E.) in Egypt.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Aristotelian ethics emphasized __________________.
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Individual freedom for all
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Royal Justice
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Understanding "forms"
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Constant Prayer
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Self-Control
Correct Answer
A. Self-ControlExplanation
Aristotelian ethics emphasized self-control. Aristotle believed that self-control was essential for leading a virtuous and fulfilling life. By practicing self-control, individuals could moderate their desires and impulses, allowing them to make rational and moral choices. This virtue enabled individuals to achieve a state of balance and harmony, avoiding excess or deficiency in their actions. Self-control was seen as a key component in developing moral character and achieving eudaimonia, or human flourishing.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Alexander's brilliant military campaigns:
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Ended when he died in monsoons in India.
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Never left him time to marry.
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Made him the supreme ruler of territories from Turkey to Egypt to Uzbekistan.
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Restored the Persian lands his father had lost in battle.
Correct Answer
A. Made him the supreme ruler of territories from Turkey to Egypt to Uzbekistan.Explanation
Alexander died three years after returning from his march into India. His queen Roxane bore him a son after his death. Alexander's exploits fulfilled the hopes of Persian conquest only dreamed of by his father, Philip II.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Hellenistic kings adorned their cities with ______.
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Statues of Alexander
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Copies of the Parthenon
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Stadiums
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Ornate temples to Zeus
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Gymnasiums and theatres
Correct Answer
A. Gymnasiums and theatresExplanation
During the Hellenistic period, the kings often embellished their cities with gymnasiums and theatres. These structures were not only architectural marvels but also served as important cultural and social centers. Gymnasiums were used for physical exercise, education, and philosophical discussions, while theatres were venues for performances and entertainment. These additions to the cities showcased the wealth and grandeur of the Hellenistic kings, as well as their commitment to promoting physical and intellectual pursuits among their citizens.Rate this question:
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- 37.
______ founded the Stoic school of philosophy.
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Epicurus
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Diogenes
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Zeno
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Plato
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Socrates
Correct Answer
A. ZenoExplanation
Zeno founded the Stoic school of philosophy. Stoicism is a philosophical school that emphasizes the importance of virtue, self-control, and acceptance of one's fate. Zeno believed that the key to happiness and inner peace lies in living in accordance with nature and reason. He taught that individuals should focus on developing their moral character and cultivating inner tranquility, regardless of external circumstances. Zeno's teachings had a significant influence on later Stoic philosophers such as Seneca and Marcus Aurelius.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Which of the following was not a legacy of Alexander the Great?
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Bringing the worlds of Greece and the Near East into closer contact than ever before
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Standing as an enduring symbol of the heights a warrior-hero could
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Ruling as a powerful and practical philosopher-king
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Creating new opportunities for trade in valuable goods
Correct Answer
A. Ruling as a powerful and practical philosopher-kingExplanation
Alexander the Great brought the worlds of Greece and the Near East into closer contact than ever before and created new commercial opportunities, and his image as a warrior-hero endured for centuries. He was authoritarian and ruthless, though.Rate this question:
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- 39.
_______ arranged the aKing's Peacea with Persia in 386 B.C.E.
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Athens
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Sparta
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Corinth
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Thebes
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Argos
Correct Answer
A. SpartaExplanation
Sparta arranged the King's Peace with Persia in 386 B.C.E. This peace treaty was significant because it marked the end of the Corinthian War, a conflict between several Greek city-states and Persia. Sparta, as one of the leading city-states in Greece, played a major role in negotiating this peace agreement. The treaty aimed to establish a period of stability and peace in the region, allowing the Greek city-states to focus on internal affairs rather than external conflicts.Rate this question:
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- 40.
_______ was the most famous Hellenistic playwright.
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Euripides
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Sophocles
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Menander
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Theocritus
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Didymus
Correct Answer
A. MenanderExplanation
Menander was a renowned Hellenistic playwright known for his comedies. He was highly regarded during his time and his works were immensely popular. Menander's comedies often explored themes of love, relationships, and social interactions, and his witty and humorous writing style made him a favorite among audiences. His plays were influential in shaping the genre of New Comedy and his works continued to be performed and adapted long after his death. Menander's reputation as the most famous Hellenistic playwright is well-deserved due to his significant contributions to the field of drama.Rate this question:
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- 41.
All of the following describe conditions in Athens after the Peloponnesian War except:
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To earn a living, women began to sell items like clothing and bread-goods previously made only for the use of their families
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The Athenian economy recovered because private business owners readily engaged in trade and the production of manufactured goods
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Women and men worked together in cloth production and a few women worked in the arts
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Due to the poverty following the war, slavery was almost eliminated for fifty years
Correct Answer
A. Due to the poverty following the war, slavery was almost eliminated for fifty yearsExplanation
Although the war had devastated the Athenian economy, slavery was never eliminated in Athens.Rate this question:
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- 42.
All of the following are ideas in Plato's The Republic ("System of Government") except:
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A just society requires a strict hierarchy
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Those ranking highest in Plato's utopia should not have the distraction of owning private property
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The nuclear family is the foundation of a virtous society
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The most educated and enlightened individuals can rule as philosopher-kings
Correct Answer
A. The nuclear family is the foundation of a virtous societyExplanation
Plato's Republic, the leaders of his ideal society live in communal housing and their children are raised in a common environment. Men and women have several sexual partners to produce the best children.Rate this question:
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- 43.
What was a ruler cult?
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A mystery cult in which only the ruling elite participated
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A public cult in which the king officiated as high priest
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A cult that worshiped a king who enjoyed divine status
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A subversive cult that worshiped rulers who had been overthrown by Alexander
Correct Answer
A. A cult that worshiped a king who enjoyed divine statusExplanation
Ruler cults arose in the Hellenistic world as a way for a community to express gratitude to their benefactors and to solicit additional favors.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Which of the following best describes Plato's opinions of democratic government?
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As a loyal Athenian, he was a staunch supporter of democracy.
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He believed that democracy was flawed but still the best form of government possible.
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He considered democracy the only government capable of controlling evil men.
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He disapproved of democracy because it allowed ignorant self-interest to rise above justice.
Correct Answer
A. He disapproved of democracy because it allowed ignorant self-interest to rise above justice.Explanation
The condemnation of his mentor Socrates had convinced Plato that people were incapable of rising above self-interest to a knowledge of universal justice and truth.Rate this question:
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- 45.
What was the King's Peace?
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A treaty that granted amnesty for crimes committed during the rule of the Thirty Tyrants
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A decree by Philip II that ended warfare among Greek city-states in the early fourth century B.C.E.
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The agreement between Sparta and Athens to ally against Philip II
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A treaty in which Sparta agreed to Persian rule over Greeks in Anatolia in return for Persia's promise not to interfere in Sparta's wars in Greece
Correct Answer
A. A treaty in which Sparta agreed to Persian rule over Greeks in Anatolia in return for Persia's promise not to interfere in Sparta's wars in GreeceExplanation
The King's Peace of 386 B.C.E. was a Spartan treaty with Persia that sold out the Greeks of Anatolia in return for Persian non-interference in Sparta pursuing its own interests in Greece.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Who was the most popular female divinity in the Mediterranean during the Hellenistic age?
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Athena
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Isis
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Demeter
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Hera
Correct Answer
A. IsisExplanation
Borrowed from the Egyptians, the cult of Isis spread throughout the Mediterranean world during the Hellenistic Period and attracted many followers.Rate this question:
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- 47.
The battle of _______ resulted in Macedonian dominance over Greece.
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Sparta
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Marathon
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Leuctra
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Mantinea
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Chaeronea
Correct Answer
A. ChaeroneaExplanation
The battle of Chaeronea resulted in Macedonian dominance over Greece. This battle took place in 338 BC between the Macedonians, led by Philip II of Macedon, and the combined forces of Athens and Thebes. The Macedonians emerged victorious, solidifying their control over Greece. This battle marked the end of Greek city-state independence and paved the way for the rise of Alexander the Great and the spread of Macedonian influence throughout the ancient world.Rate this question:
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- 48.
What enhanced Alexander's reputation with the people of Persia?
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His impressive stature and handsome physique
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His honorable treatement of the Persian royal women
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His knowledge of Persian history and traditions
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His beautiful and elegant Persian wife
Correct Answer
A. His honorable treatement of the Persian royal womenExplanation
When the Persian king was forced to leave his wives and daughters behind when he fled the battlefield, Alexander reportedly treated them with great chivalry, enhancing his own reputation among the conquered Persians.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Who of the following was not one of Alexander's commanders, later to become a "successor king"?
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Ptolemy
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Aeschines
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Antigonus
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Seleucus
Correct Answer
A. AeschinesExplanation
Aeschines was an Athenian orator (c. 397-322 B.C.E.).Rate this question:
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