Western Civ Chapter 3

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1. The Hellenistic Period began and ended with the deaths of:

Explanation

The conquests of Alexander produced a mixture of Greek and Near Eastern culture throughout the territories of his empire. After his death in 323 B.C.E. his generals succeeded him and divided his empire into several kingdoms. The last of these kingdoms, Egypt, fell to the Romans in 30 B.C.E., bringing an end to the Hellenistic Period.

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About This Quiz
Ancient Civilizations Quizzes & Trivia

Explore key figures and events from Classical Athens in the 'Western Civ Chapter 3' quiz. Assess your knowledge on Socrates' followers, Plato's philosophical contributions, Aristotelian ethics, and pivotal battles involving Greek city-states. Ideal for students of history and philosophy aiming to deepen their understanding of ancient Greek influence.

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2. What nationality were the kings and queens of the Hellenistic period?

Explanation

Although Hellenistic rulers drew from the local population for government posts, they themselves were always of Macedonian descent.

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3. All of the follwing were teachings or beliefs of Plato except:

Explanation

According to Plato's Republic, women possess the same virtues and abilities as men.

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4. The power of the Macedonian kings was derived from all of the following except:

Explanation

Macedonian kings needed to maintain the support of their nobles, which they did by listening to their advice and by proving their abilities in war and hunting. Stable and orderly dynastic successions were rare.

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5. Which of the following battles ended the Greek ability to act independently in international politics?

Explanation

Athens and Thebes tried to block Philip II's plans to dominate Greece, but were defeated at Chaeronea in 338 B.C.E. After their defeat, they retained their freedom in local matters, but were not allowed any autonomy in foreign policy.

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6. _____________ was a philosophical school established by Plato.

Explanation

The correct answer is The Academy. The Academy was a philosophical school founded by Plato in Athens around 387 BC. It was a place where students could engage in philosophical discussions and learn from Plato's teachings. The Academy played a significant role in the development of Western philosophy and produced many influential philosophers, including Aristotle.

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7. All of the following city-states fought to dominate Greece after the Peloponnesian War except:

Explanation

Athens, Sparta and Thebes were the main rivals for dominance in Greece after the Peloponnesian War.

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8. What was the Academy and where was it?

Explanation

Plato founded the Academy in Athens around 386 B.C.E. as an informal association of people who studied philosophy, mathematics, and theoretical astronomy.

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9. Alexander kept ______ under his pillow.

Explanation

Alexander kept Homer's Illiad under his pillow.

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10. Which mathematician calculated the approximate value of pi

Explanation

Archimedes of Syracuse (287-212 B.C.E.) also devised a way to manipulate very large numbers.

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11. Aristotle emphasized all of the following except:

Explanation

Like Plato, Aristotle criticized democracy because it allowed the uneducated instead of more enlightened people to control politics.

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12. Alexander believed he was descended from the god _______.

Explanation

Alexander believed he was descended from the god Zeus because Zeus was considered the king of the gods in Greek mythology and was often associated with power and authority. As Alexander was a great military leader and conqueror, he likely saw himself as a divine figure and believed that his lineage traced back to Zeus, further legitimizing his claim to power.

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13. Which of the following statements is false?

Explanation

One of the hallmarks of Hellenistic sculpture was a turn away from the idealized serenity of classical art in favor of a new emphasis on individual traits and personal emotions.

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14. Approximately what percent of all adult men and women had to work the land to produce enough food to feed Hellenistic kingdoms?

Explanation

Most of the Hellenistic population lived in small villages. Farmers were often forced tenants on royal land; free peasants worked their own plots as well as the farms of wealthy landowners. Perhaps 80 percent of all adult men and women had to work the land to produce enough food to sustain the population.

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15. Authors and artists in the Hellenistic period mostly concentrated on

Explanation

The freedom to comment on politics was limited and artists and authors in the Hellenistic period tended to concentrate on individual emotions and aspects of private life.

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16. How did Philip II die?

Explanation

Philip II was assassinated in 336 B.C.E.

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17. For what charge was Socrates brought on trial and executed in 399 B.C.E

Explanation

Because Socrates could not be accused of a political crime, his accusers charged him with acting in a way that angered the gods and threatened to bring divine punishment onto the city.

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18. What was wrong with the model of the solar system by Aristarchus of Samos early in the third century B.C.E.?

Explanation

Although Aristarchus correctly believed that the earth revolved around the sun, his assumption that the earth moved in a circular orbit was problematic because calculations based on a circular orbit failed to correspond with the observed positions of other celestial objects.

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19. All of the following are true of women in the Hellenistic period except:

Explanation

Although women in the Hellenistic period could gain social influence and even in some cases serve in local government, women in Greece continued to be barred from assemblies and councils. They might still serve as honored queens.

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20. Which philosophy taught that life was fated, but that people should still pursue virtue?

Explanation

Stoicism was founded by Zeno (c. 333-262 B.C.E.) and taught that virtue consisted of putting oneself in harmony with the divine, rational force of the universe, Nature, and striving for virtue.

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21. What were the principal jobs of the administrators of the Hellenistic kingdoms?

Explanation

In this way, the goals and structures of Hellenistic royal administrations recalled those of the earlier Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian empires.

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22. What was the Museum in Alexandria?

Explanation

Founded by the Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt, it housed more than a half million scrolls and sponsored scholars who wrote encyclopedias of knowledge.

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23. A Roman army invaded and conquered Egypt in 30 B.C.E. because:

Explanation

Cleopatra had sided with Augustus's enemy Marc Antony. When they were defeated in 30 B.C.E., Egypt was absorbed into the Roman Empire.

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24. How did Alexander untie the famed Gordion knot?

Explanation

Alexander cut the fabled impenetrable knot with his sword, thereby earning the lordship of Asia.

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25. Philip II did all of the following except:

Explanation

Although Philip II dreamed of conquering Persia, he died before this could happen. His son Alexander accomplished this instead.

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26. What request by Alexander dumbfounded the Greeks?

Explanation

Alexander never requested that Athens be renamed, and his requests for soldiers and colonists were not unusual. However, the Greeks never had a tradition of declaring their leaders to be gods.

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27. What provoked the Jewish revolt led by Judah the Maccabee?

Explanation

Antiochus IV (r. 175-163 B.C.E.) outlawed the practice of Jewish rites and turned the temple in Jerusalem into a Greek temple. After twenty-five years of war, revolt succeeded in winning Jewish independence from the Seleucids.

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28. Which of the following statements best describes Hellenistic kingdoms?

Explanation

The death of Alexander was followed by years of civil war, as his successors fought constantly among themselves for territory.

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29. Which of the following statements is false?

Explanation

Hellenized Jews adopted aspects of Greek culture and the Greek language, but they largely retained the ritual practices and habits of life that defined traditional Judaism and refused to worship Greek gods.

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30. Alexander dealt with rival claimants to his throne by ________.

Explanation

Alexander dealt with rival claimants to his throne by killing them. This brutal approach ensured that there were no potential threats to his rule and solidified his position as the sole ruler. By eliminating his rivals, Alexander eliminated any chance of rebellion or opposition to his authority. This ruthless tactic was effective in maintaining his power and control over his kingdom.

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31. _____ first calculated the approximate value of pi.

Explanation

Archimedes is credited with calculating the approximate value of pi. He used a method of inscribed and circumscribed polygons to estimate the value of pi. By increasing the number of sides of the polygons, he was able to get closer and closer to the actual value of pi. This method, known as the method of exhaustion, allowed Archimedes to calculate pi with remarkable accuracy for his time.

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32. _______ was the official language of the Hellenistic kingdoms.

Explanation

During the Hellenistic period, which followed the conquests of Alexander the Great, Greek became the official language of the Hellenistic kingdoms. This was due to the influence of Greek culture and the spread of Greek language throughout the conquered territories. Greek was widely spoken and used for administration, trade, and cultural exchange in these kingdoms. The Hellenistic rulers, who admired Greek civilization, promoted the use of Greek as the common language to facilitate communication and integration within their diverse territories. Therefore, Greek became the official language of the Hellenistic kingdoms.

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33. What was the outcome of Alexander's empire after his death?

Explanation

Alexander's commanders divided his conquests into three major parts: Antigonus (c. 382-301 B.C.E.) took over in Anatolia, the Near East, Macedonia, and Greece; Seleucus (c. 358-281 B.C.E.) in Babylonia and the East as far as India; and Ptolemy (c. 367-382 B.C.E.) in Egypt.

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34. Aristotelian ethics emphasized __________________.

Explanation

Aristotelian ethics emphasized self-control. Aristotle believed that self-control was essential for leading a virtuous and fulfilling life. By practicing self-control, individuals could moderate their desires and impulses, allowing them to make rational and moral choices. This virtue enabled individuals to achieve a state of balance and harmony, avoiding excess or deficiency in their actions. Self-control was seen as a key component in developing moral character and achieving eudaimonia, or human flourishing.

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35. Alexander's brilliant military campaigns:

Explanation

Alexander died three years after returning from his march into India. His queen Roxane bore him a son after his death. Alexander's exploits fulfilled the hopes of Persian conquest only dreamed of by his father, Philip II.

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36. Hellenistic kings adorned their cities with ______.

Explanation

During the Hellenistic period, the kings often embellished their cities with gymnasiums and theatres. These structures were not only architectural marvels but also served as important cultural and social centers. Gymnasiums were used for physical exercise, education, and philosophical discussions, while theatres were venues for performances and entertainment. These additions to the cities showcased the wealth and grandeur of the Hellenistic kings, as well as their commitment to promoting physical and intellectual pursuits among their citizens.

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37. ______ founded the Stoic school of philosophy.

Explanation

Zeno founded the Stoic school of philosophy. Stoicism is a philosophical school that emphasizes the importance of virtue, self-control, and acceptance of one's fate. Zeno believed that the key to happiness and inner peace lies in living in accordance with nature and reason. He taught that individuals should focus on developing their moral character and cultivating inner tranquility, regardless of external circumstances. Zeno's teachings had a significant influence on later Stoic philosophers such as Seneca and Marcus Aurelius.

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38. Which of the following was not a legacy of Alexander the Great?

Explanation

Alexander the Great brought the worlds of Greece and the Near East into closer contact than ever before and created new commercial opportunities, and his image as a warrior-hero endured for centuries. He was authoritarian and ruthless, though.

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39. _______ arranged the aKing's Peacea with Persia in 386 B.C.E.

Explanation

Sparta arranged the King's Peace with Persia in 386 B.C.E. This peace treaty was significant because it marked the end of the Corinthian War, a conflict between several Greek city-states and Persia. Sparta, as one of the leading city-states in Greece, played a major role in negotiating this peace agreement. The treaty aimed to establish a period of stability and peace in the region, allowing the Greek city-states to focus on internal affairs rather than external conflicts.

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40. _______ was the most famous Hellenistic playwright.

Explanation

Menander was a renowned Hellenistic playwright known for his comedies. He was highly regarded during his time and his works were immensely popular. Menander's comedies often explored themes of love, relationships, and social interactions, and his witty and humorous writing style made him a favorite among audiences. His plays were influential in shaping the genre of New Comedy and his works continued to be performed and adapted long after his death. Menander's reputation as the most famous Hellenistic playwright is well-deserved due to his significant contributions to the field of drama.

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41. All of the following describe conditions in Athens after the Peloponnesian War except:

Explanation

Although the war had devastated the Athenian economy, slavery was never eliminated in Athens.

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42. All of the following are ideas in Plato's The Republic ("System of Government") except:

Explanation

Plato's Republic, the leaders of his ideal society live in communal housing and their children are raised in a common environment. Men and women have several sexual partners to produce the best children.

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43. What was a ruler cult?

Explanation

Ruler cults arose in the Hellenistic world as a way for a community to express gratitude to their benefactors and to solicit additional favors.

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44. Which of the following best describes Plato's opinions of democratic government?

Explanation

The condemnation of his mentor Socrates had convinced Plato that people were incapable of rising above self-interest to a knowledge of universal justice and truth.

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45. What was the King's Peace?

Explanation

The King's Peace of 386 B.C.E. was a Spartan treaty with Persia that sold out the Greeks of Anatolia in return for Persian non-interference in Sparta pursuing its own interests in Greece.

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46. Who was the most popular female divinity in the Mediterranean during the Hellenistic age?

Explanation

Borrowed from the Egyptians, the cult of Isis spread throughout the Mediterranean world during the Hellenistic Period and attracted many followers.

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47. The battle of _______ resulted in Macedonian dominance over Greece.

Explanation

The battle of Chaeronea resulted in Macedonian dominance over Greece. This battle took place in 338 BC between the Macedonians, led by Philip II of Macedon, and the combined forces of Athens and Thebes. The Macedonians emerged victorious, solidifying their control over Greece. This battle marked the end of Greek city-state independence and paved the way for the rise of Alexander the Great and the spread of Macedonian influence throughout the ancient world.

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48. What enhanced Alexander's reputation with the people of Persia?

Explanation

When the Persian king was forced to leave his wives and daughters behind when he fled the battlefield, Alexander reportedly treated them with great chivalry, enhancing his own reputation among the conquered Persians.

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49. Who of the following was not one of Alexander's commanders, later to become a "successor king"?

Explanation

Aeschines was an Athenian orator (c. 397-322 B.C.E.).

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50. Epicureans held that:

Explanation

The Epicurean school defined pleasure as the absence of pain. Epicurus taught that a sober life among friends away from the cares of the common world would best provide the essential peace of mind.

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51. _______ ostentatiously rejected every conversation of ordinary life, especially wealth and materia comfort.

Explanation

Cynicism is the correct answer because cynics tend to reject conversations about ordinary life, wealth, and material comfort. They often display a skeptical and critical attitude towards societal norms and values, preferring a more simplistic and self-sufficient lifestyle. Stoicism, on the other hand, emphasizes self-control and resilience in the face of adversity, while Epicureanism promotes the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain. Materialism focuses on the importance of material possessions and wealth.

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52. Seleucid kings actively encouraged the immigration of _______.

Explanation

The Seleucid kings actively encouraged the immigration of Macedonian and Greek soldiers. This is because these soldiers were seen as valuable assets in maintaining control over the vast Seleucid Empire. The presence of Macedonian and Greek soldiers helped to strengthen the military power of the Seleucid kings and ensure their authority over the diverse regions of their empire. Additionally, these soldiers were often rewarded with land and other privileges, which further incentivized their migration to the Seleucid territories.

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53. Which statement does not reflect the teachings of Aristotle?

Explanation

Unlike Plato, who believed that women had the same virtues as men, Aristotle thought that females were inferior to males. He based these dubious conclusions on faulty notions of biology.

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54. ________ created a military crisis in Macedonia that helped Philip II rise to power.

Explanation

The Illyrians created a military crisis in Macedonia that helped Philip II rise to power. The Illyrians were a neighboring tribe that posed a threat to Macedonia. Their military actions and aggression towards Macedonia destabilized the region, creating an opportunity for Philip II to assert his power and establish himself as the leader. This crisis allowed Philip II to showcase his military prowess and gain support from the Macedonian people, ultimately leading to his rise to power.

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55. ______ was the location of the slave market for the Hellenistic kingdoms of the eastern Mediterranean.

Explanation

Delos was the location of the slave market for the Hellenistic kingdoms of the eastern Mediterranean. Delos was a small island in the Aegean Sea and was an important trading center during the Hellenistic period. It was known for its bustling slave market, where slaves from various regions were bought and sold. The island's strategic location made it an ideal hub for the slave trade, as it was easily accessible by sea and connected to major trade routes.

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56. Which of the following statements is false?

Explanation

Although the Macedonians thought of themselves as Greek and took pride in their identity, the Greeks considered them to be uncivilized.

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57. _______ provoked the Maccabean revolt by outlawing Jewish rites and converting the Jewish temple into a Greek temple.

Explanation

Antiochus IV is the correct answer because he provoked the Maccabean revolt by outlawing Jewish rites and converting the Jewish temple into a Greek temple.

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58. At which battle did the Athenians and Spartans unite to confront the Thebians?

Explanation

The Athenians and Spartans united to confront the Thebians at the Battle of Mantinea.

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59. As Alexander's successor, _______ took control of Egypt.

Explanation

As Alexander's successor, Ptolemy took control of Egypt. Ptolemy was one of Alexander the Great's generals and after Alexander's death, he became the ruler of Egypt. He established the Ptolemaic dynasty, which lasted for several centuries and is known for its famous queen, Cleopatra. Ptolemy's rule in Egypt was characterized by a strong centralized government, cultural and intellectual flourishing, and the construction of magnificent monuments such as the famous lighthouse of Alexandria.

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60. Which follower of Socrates was one of the Thirty Tyrants?

Explanation

Critias was a follower of Socrates who became one of the Thirty Tyrants. After the Peloponnesian War, Athens was under the rule of the Thirty Tyrants, an oligarchy that sought to suppress democracy and consolidate power. Critias played a prominent role in this oppressive regime, known for its violence and corruption. He was known for his ruthless nature and involvement in the execution of democratic supporters. Critias' association with the tyrannical regime makes him the correct answer to the question.

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The Hellenistic Period began and ended with the deaths of:
What nationality were the kings and queens of the Hellenistic period?
All of the follwing were teachings or beliefs of Plato except:
The power of the Macedonian kings was derived from all of the...
Which of the following battles ended the Greek ability to act...
_____________ was a philosophical school established by Plato.
All of the following city-states fought to dominate Greece after the...
What was the Academy and where was it?
Alexander kept ______ under his pillow.
Which mathematician calculated the approximate value of pi
Aristotle emphasized all of the following except:
Alexander believed he was descended from the god _______.
Which of the following statements is false?
Approximately what percent of all adult men and women had to work the...
Authors and artists in the Hellenistic period mostly concentrated on
How did Philip II die?
For what charge was Socrates brought on trial and executed in 399...
What was wrong with the model of the solar system by Aristarchus of...
All of the following are true of women in the Hellenistic period...
Which philosophy taught that life was fated, but that people should...
What were the principal jobs of the administrators of the Hellenistic...
What was the Museum in Alexandria?
A Roman army invaded and conquered Egypt in 30 B.C.E. because:
How did Alexander untie the famed Gordion knot?
Philip II did all of the following except:
What request by Alexander dumbfounded the Greeks?
What provoked the Jewish revolt led by Judah the Maccabee?
Which of the following statements best describes Hellenistic kingdoms?
Which of the following statements is false?
Alexander dealt with rival claimants to his throne by ________.
_____ first calculated the approximate value of pi.
_______ was the official language of the Hellenistic kingdoms.
What was the outcome of Alexander's empire after his death?
Aristotelian ethics emphasized __________________.
Alexander's brilliant military campaigns:
Hellenistic kings adorned their cities with ______.
______ founded the Stoic school of philosophy.
Which of the following was not a legacy of Alexander the Great?
_______ arranged the aKing's Peacea with Persia in 386 B.C.E.
_______ was the most famous Hellenistic playwright.
All of the following describe conditions in Athens after the...
All of the following are ideas in Plato's The Republic...
What was a ruler cult?
Which of the following best describes Plato's opinions of...
What was the King's Peace?
Who was the most popular female divinity in the Mediterranean during...
The battle of _______ resulted in Macedonian dominance over Greece.
What enhanced Alexander's reputation with the people of Persia?
Who of the following was not one of Alexander's commanders, later...
Epicureans held that:
_______ ostentatiously rejected every conversation of ordinary life,...
Seleucid kings actively encouraged the immigration of _______.
Which statement does not reflect the teachings of Aristotle?
________ created a military crisis in Macedonia that helped Philip II...
______ was the location of the slave market for the Hellenistic...
Which of the following statements is false?
_______ provoked the Maccabean revolt by outlawing Jewish rites and...
At which battle did the Athenians and Spartans unite to confront the...
As Alexander's successor, _______ took control of Egypt.
Which follower of Socrates was one of the Thirty Tyrants?
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