Western Civ Chap 5
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Which of the following statements is false?
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Slaves who acquired funds would sometimes buy slaves for themselves.
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Slaves could protest inhumane treatment to the tribunes.
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Freed slaves acquired Roman citizenship.
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Some male slaves ran businesses for their masters.
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Explore key figures and events from Ancient Rome in 'Western Civ Chap 5'. Assess knowledge on Octavian, Virgil, and other significant figures, highlighting their contributions and the narrative of Roman history. Ideal for learners interested in ancient history and leadership.
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- 2.
Which of the following was not an innovation begun by Augustus?
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Rome's first police force
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The first public fire department in Western history
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An inheritance tax
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Gladiatorial combat
Correct Answer
A. Gladiatorial combatExplanation
Augustus established a police force and public fire department for Rome and instituted an inheritance tax. Gladiatorial combat was a Roman tradition long before the rule of Augustus.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following best describes the origins of Christianity?
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It was part of a philosophical trend advocating ethical behavior.
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It was an entirely new religion that had no relation to other sects.
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It was a splinter group within Judaism in Judea.
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It was a Messianic cult embraced by opponents of Roman rule.
Correct Answer
A. It was a splinter group within Judaism in Judea.Explanation
Christianity began as a sect of Judaism. Jesus and his initial followers were all Jews. Jesus's followers identified him as the Messiah but without political connotations.Rate this question:
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- 4.
All of the following were members of the Second Triumvirate except:
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Octavian
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Julius Caesar
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Lepidus
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Mark Antony
Correct Answer
A. Julius CaesarExplanation
Julius Caesar had been assassinated, the act that had instigated a civil war between generals. Octavian was victorious and then joined together with his opponents, Marc Antony and Lepidus, to form the Second Triumvirate.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Paul of Tarsus, who had violently opposed followers of Jesus, had a spiritual vision on his way to ____________ that inspired him to become a follower of Jesus himself.
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Rome
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Jerusalem
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Damascus
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Athens
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Alexandria
Correct Answer
A. DamascusExplanation
Paul of Tarsus, who had violently opposed followers of Jesus, had a spiritual vision on his way to Damascus that inspired him to become a follower of Jesus himself. This suggests that Damascus was a significant location where Paul's transformation took place.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following did Vespasian promote to consolidate his authority?
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Enrolling men in the Senate from his home province, Transalpine Gaul
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Employing freed slaves as administrators
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Spreading the imperial cult (worship of the emperor as a god) in the provinces outside Italy
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Establishing lucrative trade contacts with distant lands such as India and China
Correct Answer
A. Spreading the imperial cult (worship of the emperor as a god) in the provinces outside ItalyExplanation
In the Hellenistic kingdoms to the east, people had long worshiped their rulers as gods. By promoting an imperial cult, Vespasian built on local tradition and extended it to other provinces.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Julius Caesar's eighteen-year-old grandnephew and adopted son _____________ won the support of Caesar's soldiers by promising them rewards from their murdered general's wealth.
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Mark Antony
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Lepidus
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Cicero
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Octavian
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Livy
Correct Answer
A. OctavianExplanation
Octavian, Julius Caesar's grandnephew and adopted son, won the support of Caesar's soldiers by promising them rewards from their murdered general's wealth.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What was Judea like during the time of Jesus?
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Judea was prosperous and peaceful.
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Jewish religious thought in Judea was uniform.
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A Jewish revolt had recently ended in disaster.
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Judea was unsettled by religious controversy and political unrest.
Correct Answer
A. Judea was unsettled by religious controversy and political unrest.Explanation
During the life of Jesus, Judea was torn between several religious and political factions. Most Jews were discontent with foreign rule, and there was much disagreement about the proper form Judaism should take.Rate this question:
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- 9.
All of the following were consequences of the political troubles of the mid-third century except:
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Damage to the agricultural system.
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The end of polytheism.
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Invasions by foreign enemies.
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The destruction of the elite's sense of public service.
Correct Answer
A. The end of polytheism.Explanation
Some interpreted the troubles of the third century as punishments from gods angry at the Christians, who refused to worship in the state cults. Emperors launched attacks on Christianity; a good example is Decius (r. 249-251 C.E.), who called himself the "Restorer of Cults" and persecuted Christians zealously.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Many Romans attributed the problems of the third century:
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To Christians, whom they believed had offended the state gods.
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To the loss of personal morality in the empire.
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To the influence of the Greeks.
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To the civil unrest caused by the expanding slave population.
Correct Answer
A. To Christians, whom they believed had offended the state gods.Explanation
Many Romans saw the crisis of the third century as a consequence of divine wrath for the presence of Christians, who did not participate in the traditional cults.Rate this question:
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- 11.
After the murder of Caligula, ____________ became emperor because the Praetorian Guard backed him.
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Tiberius
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Nero
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Vespasian
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Titus
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Claudius
Correct Answer
A. ClaudiusExplanation
After the murder of Caligula, Claudius became emperor because the Praetorian Guard backed him. The Praetorian Guard was the imperial bodyguard, and their support was crucial in determining who would become the next emperor. In the chaos following Caligula's assassination, Claudius was able to gain the favor and support of the Praetorian Guard, which ultimately led to his ascension to the throne.Rate this question:
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- 12.
In his Parallel Lives, the essayist and philosopher __________ wrote paired biographies of renown Greek and Roman men.
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Livy
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Cicero
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Plutarch
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Tacitus
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Juvenal
Correct Answer
A. PlutarchExplanation
Plutarch is the correct answer because he is known for his work called Parallel Lives, where he wrote biographies of famous Greek and Roman men. This work is considered a valuable historical and biographical resource as it provides comparisons between the lives of notable individuals from both ancient civilizations.Rate this question:
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- 13.
After a great fire in Rome in 64 C.E., the emperor __________ punished Christians as arsonists.
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Augustus
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Nero
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Tiberius
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Caligula
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Vespasian
Correct Answer
A. NeroExplanation
After the great fire in Rome in 64 C.E., the emperor Nero punished Christians as arsonists. Nero is historically known for his persecution of Christians, and after the fire, he blamed them for starting it. This led to the brutal persecution and execution of many Christians during his reign.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following describes one method Jesus used to teach?
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He proclaimed his views in complex philosophical speeches.
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He told simple stories and parables.
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He distributed written essays.
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He organized structured debates with other preachers.
Correct Answer
A. He told simple stories and parables.Explanation
Jesus taught informally, using simple stories that the common person could understand. His speeches or sermons were not complex and he wrote nothing down.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What is apostolic succession?
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The belief that bishops had the same authority Jesus granted to his Apostles because the first bishops were appointed by the Apostles
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The belief that any Christian could ordain priests and administer the sacraments
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The overwhelming belief in Christian doctrine by the Apostles and their successors, the bishops
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The tight hierarchical organization and unity that characterized the early Christian church
Correct Answer
A. The belief that bishops had the same authority Jesus granted to his Apostles because the first bishops were appointed by the ApostlesExplanation
Apostolic succession is the belief that the authority that Jesus granted to his Apostles was passed down to the bishops, because the first bishops had been appointed by the Apostles.Rate this question:
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- 16.
In the early 280s C.E., the dynamic emperor ____________ restored the principate by replacing it with a new form of authoritarian leadership.
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Caracalla
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Decius
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Valerian
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Macrinus
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Diocletian
Correct Answer
A. DiocletianExplanation
In the early 280s C.E., Diocletian restored the principate by replacing it with a new form of authoritarian leadership.Rate this question:
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- 17.
In order to avoid any violent struggles for supreme power at his death, Augustus:
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Trained an heir to take over as princeps.
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Prepared the army to maintain peace.
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Exiled powerful opponents.
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Relied on the Senate to appoint a worthy successor.
Correct Answer
A. Trained an heir to take over as princeps.Explanation
Augustus had no son, so he adopted a relative named Tiberius and trained him for the principate. When Augustus died in 14 C.E., the Senate accepted Tiberius as the new "first man."Rate this question:
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- 18.
All of the following describe aspects of reproduction during the empire except:
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Infant girls were more often abandoned than infant boys.
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Contraception was not practiced.
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Wealthy people often adopted children within their communities.
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Because so many babies died, parents had to produce numerous offspring to ensure survivors.
Correct Answer
A. Contraception was not practiced.Explanation
Romans relied on female contraception through vaginal sponges or drugs to attempt to control family size.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What did Caracalla do in 212 C.E. to try to fix the budget crisis?
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He demanded crippling taxes from the provincial elite.
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He reduced the pay of the army and gave them land instead.
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He made almost everyone in the empire Roman citizens to make them liable for inheritance taxes.
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He seized the treasuries of the temples of Rome to mint coins.
Correct Answer
A. He made almost everyone in the empire Roman citizens to make them liable for inheritance taxes.Explanation
By dramatically extending Roman citizenship in 212 C.E., he increased the tax base as more people became liable for inheritance taxes.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The Annals by __________ was a harsh narrative of the Julio-Claudian dynasty that exposed Augustus's ruthlessness and his successors' crimes.
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Livy
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Cicero
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Plutarch
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Tacitus
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Juvenal
Correct Answer
A. TacitusExplanation
Tacitus's The Annals is a historical work that provides a critical and harsh account of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. It specifically focuses on exposing the ruthlessness of Augustus and the crimes committed by his successors. Tacitus's narrative is known for its unflinching portrayal of the darker aspects of Roman history, making it a fitting choice for a book that reveals the harsh realities of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Most urban residents of Rome lived in:
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Private houses
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Boarding houses
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Small apartments
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Suburban cottages
Correct Answer
A. Small apartmentsExplanation
Most urban residents of Rome lived in small apartments in multistoried buildings called islands. The poorest tenants lived on the top floors.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What kingdom did the Sassanids reenergize?
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The Egyptian
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The Roman
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The Persian
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The Macedonian
Correct Answer
A. The PersianExplanation
By 227 C.E. the Sassanids had conquered the ancient Persian kingdom of the Parthians and posed a major threat to Rome's east frontier.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The satiric poet ___________ wrote about pretentious Romans and the indignities of living broke in the capital.
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Plutarch
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Juvenal
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Lucian
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Virgil
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Apuleius
Correct Answer
A. JuvenalExplanation
Juvenal is a satiric poet who wrote about pretentious Romans and the challenges of living in poverty in the capital city. His works often criticized the corruption and decadence of Roman society, using humor and irony to highlight the absurdities of the time. Juvenal's satires provide a valuable insight into the social and political issues of ancient Rome, making him a significant figure in Roman literature.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Sculpture under Augustus most closely resembled the sculpture of:
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Republican Rome
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Ancient Egypt
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The Etruscans
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Classical Greece
Correct Answer
A. Classical GreeceExplanation
Augustus commissioned art that was reminiscent of the serene, idealized style of Classical Greece.Rate this question:
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- 25.
The poet ____________ was exiled for mocking the emperor's moral legislation and for his involvement in a sexual scandal with the emperor's granddaughter.
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Ovid
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Virgil
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Catullus
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Juvenal
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Horace
Correct Answer
A. OvidExplanation
Ovid was exiled for mocking the emperor's moral legislation and for his involvement in a sexual scandal with the emperor's granddaughter. This suggests that Ovid's actions and writings were seen as disrespectful and offensive to the emperor and his family. As a result, he was banished from Rome and sent into exile.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which of the following is not true about Neoplatonism?
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It was an adaptation of older Greek philosophy.
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It advocated a turning away from the life of the physical body.
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It had no influence on Christianity because it was a pagan philosophy.
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It stressed strenuous self-discipline and personal morality.
Correct Answer
A. It had no influence on Christianity because it was a pagan philosophy.Explanation
Neoplatonism actually had a significant influence on Christianity because of its stress on spiritual purity and the longing to turn away from the physical body to the universal Good that is the source of human existence.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Who spread the teachings of Jesus to Jews of the Diaspora and Gentiles (non-Jews)?
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Paul of Tarsus
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John the Baptist
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Herod
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Plontinus
Correct Answer
A. Paul of TarsusExplanation
Paul of Tarsus spread the teachings of Jesus to the Jews of the Diaspora and to Gentiles. John the Baptist died before Jesus began to teach. Herod was a king of Judea installed by the Romans, and Plotinus was a Neoplatonist from the third century.Rate this question:
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- 28.
In his memoirs known today as Meditations, the emperor __________ put down his own set of beliefs, which were based on the morally centered philosophy of Stoicism.
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Vespasian
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Hadrian
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Titus
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Trajan
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Marcus Aurelius
Correct Answer
A. Marcus AureliusExplanation
Marcus Aurelius is the correct answer because the question states that the emperor put down his own set of beliefs in his memoirs known as Meditations, which align with the morally centered philosophy of Stoicism. This description matches Marcus Aurelius, as he was a Roman emperor who wrote the Meditations and was known to be influenced by Stoic philosophy.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which of the following is not true of Rome's aGolden Age,a which lasted from 96 to 180 C.E.?
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Most provinces were peaceful and had little need for garrisons.
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The stable empire did not concern itself with law.
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Long-distance trade for luxury goods from India and China flourished.
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The army spread a common way of life by enlisting non-citizens from the provinces as auxiliaries.
Correct Answer
A. The stable empire did not concern itself with law.Explanation
During Rome's "Golden Age" there was widespread peace, flourishing long-distance trade, and the spread of a common culture. Golden Age emperors did believe law was crucial, and Romans prided themselves on accomplishing order and justice through law.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following is not true about the Praetorian Guard?
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They were the first troops ever to be stationed in Rome.
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They were established by Augustus to prevent rebellion.
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They played no role in deciding the succession of the principate.
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They were a visible reminder that the princeps's power was grounded in force.
Correct Answer
A. They played no role in deciding the succession of the principate.Explanation
The Praetorian Guard, which was the bodyguard of the princeps, often played a key role in the succession of the principate. They murdered emperors they did not like, such as Caligula, and their support was crucial for new emperors to take the throne.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which emperor was captured by Shapur I in 260 C.E.?
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Caracalla
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Valerian
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Decius
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Geta
Correct Answer
A. ValerianExplanation
Valerian (r. 253-260 C.E.) was captured by the Sassanid king Shapur I.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Jesus was crucified under the orders of ____________ for sedition in Jerusalem in 30 C.E.
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Pliny
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Nero
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Pontius Pilate
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Tiberius
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Herod Antipas
Correct Answer
A. Pontius PilateExplanation
Pontius Pilate is the correct answer because historical records indicate that he was the Roman governor of Judea at the time of Jesus' crucifixion. It is documented that Pilate ordered Jesus' execution after being pressured by Jewish religious leaders who accused Jesus of sedition against the Roman Empire. This event is a significant event in Christian history and is mentioned in the New Testament of the Bible.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Augustus used the title princeps:
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Because he did not want to appear threatening to his countrymen by claiming a more monarchical title.
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Because it was Latin for emperor.
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Because it was the title the Senate chose to bestow upon him.
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Because he wanted a non-military title to emphasize his statecraft.
Correct Answer
A. Because he did not want to appear threatening to his countrymen by claiming a more monarchical title.Explanation
Learning from the fate of his great-uncle Caesar, who was assassinated when he appeared to have monarchical ambitions, Augustus disguised his authority behind the title princeps, which means "first man." This gave the illusion that he had no more authority than any other leader.Rate this question:
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- 34.
How did Paul of Tarsus make conversion to Christianity easier?
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He insisted that Jesus's teachings were not intended for the Jews.
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He held that Christians did not have to observe all of the provisions of Jewish law.
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He said that baptism alone was needed to be a righteous Christian.
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He explained Christianity in Neoplatonic terms familiar to people outside Judea.
Correct Answer
A. He held that Christians did not have to observe all of the provisions of Jewish law.Explanation
Paul of Tarsus preached to non-Jews and stressed that while ethical behavior was necessary along traditional Jewish lines, converts to Christianity did not need to follow all the provisions of Jewish law such as circumcision and dietary restrictions.Rate this question:
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- 35.
What is the name of the first dynasty to rule the Roman Empire?
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The Augustinian
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The Flavian
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The Julio-Claudian
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The Severan
Correct Answer
A. The Julio-ClaudianExplanation
The Julio-Claudian dynasty, which succeeded Augustus at his death in 14 C.E., ruled the Empire from 14 to 68 C.E.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Which of the following best describes Romanization?
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Roman culture was forcibly imposed at the expense of local cultures.
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Romans and local people produced new mixed cultural traditions.
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Roman law was extended to the provinces but had little effect on provincial cultures.
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Roman culture gradually erased the local cultures and traditions of the provinces.
Correct Answer
A. Romans and local people produced new mixed cultural traditions.Explanation
The process of Romanization is best described as a mixture of cultural traditions as Roman customs came into contact with local customs in the provinces.Rate this question:
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- 37.
The belief that God will send an aanointed onea (Hebrew, Messiah; Greek, Christ) to conquer the forces of evil and punish the wicked is:
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Stoicism.
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Apocalypticism.
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Judaism.
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Neoplatonism.
Correct Answer
A. Apocalypticism.Explanation
Apocalypticism, from the Greek word for "revealing what is hidden," is a worldview in which evil forces control the present world until God sends an "anointed one" to defeat them. Apocalypticism influenced Judaism but it is not identical to it.Rate this question:
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- 38.
All of the following are reasons that most Romans were irritated by Christianity except:
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Christians worshipped an enemy of the state.
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Christians denied the emperor's divinity.
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Christians believed in supernatural miracles.
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Christians were believed to practice cannibalism.
Correct Answer
A. Christians believed in supernatural miracles.Explanation
Many cults in the Roman Empire believed in supernatural powers and events. Christians were puzzling and irritating because they followed a criminal enemy of the state, denied the emperor's divinity, and ate the "body and blood" of Jesus at "Love Feasts."Rate this question:
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- 39.
The epic poem by ____________ called the Aeneid told the story of the Trojan Aeneas, who was the legendary founder of the Roman people.
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Ovid
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Virgil
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Cassius Dio
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Livy
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Horace
Correct Answer
A. VirgilExplanation
Virgil is the correct answer because he is the author of the epic poem called the Aeneid. The Aeneid tells the story of Aeneas, a Trojan hero who is considered the legendary founder of the Roman people. Ovid, Cassius Dio, Livy, and Horace are all famous Roman writers, but they did not write the Aeneid.Rate this question:
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- 40.
What was the principal source of revenue for imperial government and defense from the first century C.E. onward?
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A head tax on all men over 20 years of age
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Revenue and booty from conquered territory
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A tax on agricultural land in the provinces
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An inheritance tax
Correct Answer
A. A tax on agricultural land in the provincesExplanation
By the first century of the Common Era, Roman expansion into new territories had reached its limits. The imperial government relied instead on taxes from the provinces to support itself.Rate this question:
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- 41.
What was the result of the debasing of imperial coinage?
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Further inflation
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The government's costs were cut
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Political stability
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More coins allowed an increase in trade
Correct Answer
A. Further inflationExplanation
Emperors responded to inflation by debasing coins, which meant that each coin contained less silver. Merchants responded to this by inflating their prices even further to make up for the reduction in the value of debased coins.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Octavian's victory over Mark Antony in the naval battle of _________ in 31 B.C.E. won the war.
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Actium
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Pompeii
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Alexandria
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Cannae
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Marsallia
Correct Answer
A. ActiumExplanation
Octavian's victory over Mark Antony in the naval battle of Actium in 31 B.C.E. won the war. This battle was a significant turning point in the Roman Civil War, as it marked the end of Antony and Cleopatra's resistance against Octavian's forces. Octavian's victory at Actium allowed him to consolidate his power and establish himself as the sole ruler of Rome, leading to the foundation of the Roman Empire.Rate this question:
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- 43.
_____________ suppressed a Jewish revolt by turning Jerusalem into a military colony.
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Domitian
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Caligula
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Titus
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Hadrian
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Vespasian
Correct Answer
A. HadrianExplanation
Hadrian suppressed a Jewish revolt by turning Jerusalem into a military colony. This means that he took military action to crush the rebellion and then established a military presence in Jerusalem to maintain control and prevent further uprisings.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Aurelian (r. 270-275 C.E.):
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Captured the emperor Valerian and claimed his throne.
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Encircled Rome with a massive wall to ward off surprise attacks from northern tribes.
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Married Zenobia, the warrior queen of Palmyra in Syria.
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Built the largest Roman baths ever.
Correct Answer
A. Encircled Rome with a massive wall to ward off surprise attacks from northern tribes.Explanation
By the time of Aurelian's reign, Germanic-speaking tribes were beginning to enter Italy from the north, forcing him to build a defensive wall.Rate this question:
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- 45.
On the death of his father in 211 C.E., __________ seized power by killing his brother and beginning a reign that marks the end of Rome's Golden Age of peace and prosperity.
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Septimius Severus
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Caracalla
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Marcus Aurelius
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Trajan
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Valerian
Correct Answer
A. CaracallaExplanation
Caracalla seized power after his father's death by killing his brother and starting a reign that marked the end of Rome's Golden Age. This suggests that Caracalla's actions and rule brought about a significant change in the peaceful and prosperous era of Rome.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Why were soldiers demoralized in the early third century?
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The emperors awarded higher salaries to German mercenaries.
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Inflation had dramatically devalued their wages.
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They were forbidden to cross the empire's borders and raid for plunder.
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The emperors increased the number of years that they were required to serve.
Correct Answer
A. Inflation had dramatically devalued their wages.Explanation
Inflation had dramatically reduced the value of soldiers' wages.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Which pair of emperors wasted huge sums and scandalized Rome with undignified public displays?
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Caligula and Nero
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Claudius and Tiberius
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Titus and Vespasian
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Domitian and Trajan
Correct Answer
A. Caligula and NeroExplanation
Both Caligula and Nero wasted huge sums of money and scandalized Rome with their public behavior. Caligula often dressed in women's clothing, and Nero engaged in public singing performances.Rate this question:
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- 48.
The historian ___________ composed a history of Rome that did not conceal Augustus's ruthlessness, but did not anger the princeps because the work also emphasized the traditional values of loyalty and self-sacrifice.
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Ovid
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Virgil
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Cassius Dio
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Livy
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Horace
Correct Answer
A. LivyExplanation
Livy is the correct answer because he was a historian who wrote a history of Rome that presented Augustus in a balanced way. Livy did not hide Augustus's ruthlessness but also emphasized traditional values such as loyalty and self-sacrifice. This approach would have pleased Augustus, who wanted to be seen as a ruler who upheld Roman traditions and values.Rate this question:
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- 49.
The theologian ____________ argued that Christianity was superior to Hellenic philosophy as a guide to correct living.
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Plotinus
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Justin
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Origen
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Tertullian
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Paul of Tarsus
Correct Answer
A. OrigenExplanation
Origen argued that Christianity was superior to Hellenic philosophy as a guide to correct living. He believed that Christianity offered a deeper understanding of the divine and a more moral and virtuous way of life compared to the teachings of Hellenic philosophy. Origen emphasized the importance of spiritual growth and the pursuit of knowledge through scripture, prayer, and contemplation. He saw Christianity as a transformative and transformative force that could lead individuals to a higher level of spiritual enlightenment and communion with God.Rate this question:
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