Urinalysis & Body Fluids

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  • 1/178 Questions

    A 17-year-old girl decided to go on a starvation diet. After 1 week of starving herself, what substance would most likely be found in her urine?

    • Protein
    • Ketones
    • Glucose
    • Blood
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About This Quiz

Urinalysis is the process of checking the appearance, concentration and content of urine so as to detect a wide range of medical disorders like diabetes and kidney disease. What can you tell us about this, and other bodily fluids?

Urinalysis & Body Fluids - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    False results in urobilinogen testing may occur if the urine specimen is:

    • Exposed to light

    • Adjusted to a neutral pH

    • Cooled to room temperature

    • Collected in a nonsterile container

    Correct Answer
    A. Exposed to light
    Explanation
    Urobilinogen is degraded by light

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  • 3. 

    A patient has glucosuria, hyperglycemia and polyuria. These findings are most consistent with:

    • Renal glucosuria

    • Diabetes mellitus

    • Emotional stress

    • Eating a heavy meal

    Correct Answer
    A. Diabetes mellitus
    Explanation
    The patient's symptoms of glucosuria (presence of glucose in urine), hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels), and polyuria (excessive urination) are most consistent with diabetes mellitus. In diabetes mellitus, the body is unable to regulate blood sugar levels properly, leading to high levels of glucose in the blood, which then spills into the urine. This results in glucosuria and increased urine production. Other options such as renal glucosuria, emotional stress, or eating a heavy meal do not typically cause all three symptoms together.

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  • 4. 

    Which of the following urine results is most apt to be changed by proloinged exposure to light?

    • PH

    • Protein

    • Ketones

    • Bilirubin

    Correct Answer
    A. Bilirubin
    Explanation
    Bilirubin is degraded by light. The other analytes will not be affected.

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  • 5. 

    The yellow color of urine is primarily due to:

    • Urochrome pigment

    • Methemoglobin

    • Bilirubin

    • Homogenistic acid

    Correct Answer
    A. Urochrome pigment
    Explanation
    The yellow color of urine is primarily due to the presence of urochrome pigment. Urochrome is a waste product formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells. As the body metabolizes hemoglobin, urochrome is produced and excreted in the urine, giving it its characteristic yellow color. Methemoglobin, bilirubin, and homogenistic acid are not directly responsible for the yellow color of urine. Methemoglobin is an altered form of hemoglobin, bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced from the breakdown of red blood cells, and homogenistic acid is a metabolic byproduct associated with a rare genetic disorder called alkaptonuria.

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  • 6. 

    Red urine may be due to:

    • Bilirubin

    • Excess urobilin

    • Myoglobin

    • Homogenistic acid

    Correct Answer
    A. Myoglobin
    Explanation
    Red urine may be due to myoglobin. Myoglobin is a protein found in the muscles, and its presence in the urine can indicate muscle damage or injury. When muscle cells are damaged, myoglobin is released into the bloodstream and eventually filtered by the kidneys, leading to its presence in the urine. This can occur in conditions such as rhabdomyolysis, which is characterized by the breakdown of muscle tissue. The presence of myoglobin in the urine gives it a red or reddish-brown color.

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  • 7. 

    After receiving a 24 hour urine for quantitative total protein analysis, the technician must first:

    • Subculture the urine for bacteria

    • Add the appropriate preservative

    • Screen for albumin using a dipstick

    • Measure the total volume

    Correct Answer
    A. Measure the total volume
    Explanation
    Measure the total volume of the sample before removing an aliquot. To calculate the total protein, measure the protein of an aliquot to learn the mg/dL, then multiply that answer by the number of dL in the 24 hour collection

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  • 8. 

    Urine that develops a port wine color after standing may contain:

    • Melanin

    • Porphyrins

    • Bilirubin

    • Urobilinogen

    Correct Answer
    A. Porphyrins
    Explanation
    Urine that develops a port wine color after standing may contain porphyrins. Porphyrins are a group of organic compounds that are involved in the production of heme, a component of hemoglobin. When there is an excess of porphyrins in the urine, it can lead to a dark red or port wine color. This can be seen in conditions such as porphyria, which is a group of rare genetic disorders that affect the production of heme.

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  • 9. 

    Milky urine from a 24-year-old woman would most likely contain:

    • Spermatozoa

    • Many white blood cells

    • Red blood cells

    • Bilirubin

    Correct Answer
    A. Many white blood cells
    Explanation
    Milky urine from a 24-year-old woman would most likely contain many white blood cells. This can indicate the presence of an infection in the urinary tract or kidneys. White blood cells are a part of the body's immune response and their increased presence in the urine suggests an inflammatory process. It is important for the woman to seek medical attention to determine the cause of the infection and receive appropriate treatment.

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  • 10. 

    A clean-catch urine is submitted to the laboratory for routine urinalysis and culture. The routine urinalysis is done first, and 3 hours later, the specimen is sent to the microbiology department for culture. The specimen should:

    • Be centrifuged, and the supernatant cultured

    • Be rejected due to time delay

    • Not be cultured if no bacteria are seen

    • Be processed for culture only if the nitrate is positive

    Correct Answer
    A. Be rejected due to time delay
    Explanation
    It is common practice to share samples between the microbiology department and urinalysis department. Ideally, the culture is set up first to prevent contamination. If that is not feasible timewise, the sample should be aliquotted using aseptic technique, and refrigerated until it can be cultured.

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  • 11. 

    Calibration of refractometers is done by measuring the specific gravity of distilled water and:

    • Protein

    • Glucose

    • Sodium chloride

    • Urea

    Correct Answer
    A. Sodium chloride
    Explanation
    Refractometers are instruments used to measure the refractive index of a substance, which is related to its specific gravity. Calibration is necessary to ensure accurate measurements. In this case, the specific gravity of distilled water is measured, and sodium chloride is used as a calibration standard. Sodium chloride has a known specific gravity, so by comparing the refractive index of the sodium chloride solution to that of distilled water, the refractometer can be calibrated accurately. Protein, glucose, and urea are not commonly used for calibration purposes in refractometers.

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  • 12. 

    Routine screening of urine samples for glycosuria is performed primarity to detect:

    • Glucose

    • Galactose

    • Bilirubin

    • Ketones

    Correct Answer
    A. Glucose
    Explanation
    Routine screening of urine samples for glycosuria is performed primarily to detect the presence of glucose. Glycosuria refers to the abnormal presence of glucose in the urine, which can be an indication of high blood sugar levels or diabetes. By detecting glucose in the urine, healthcare professionals can identify individuals who may have undiagnosed diabetes or need further evaluation and treatment for their blood sugar levels. This screening helps in early detection and management of diabetes, preventing complications associated with uncontrolled blood sugar levels.

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  • 13. 

    Urine osmolality is related to:

    • PH

    • Filtration

    • Specific gravity

    • Volume

    Correct Answer
    A. Specific gravity
    Explanation
    Urine osmolality is related to specific gravity because specific gravity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in urine. Osmolality refers to the concentration of solutes in a solution, and urine osmolality is a measure of the concentration of solutes in urine. Therefore, the specific gravity of urine can provide information about the osmolality of urine, indicating the concentration of solutes present in the urine sample.

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  • 14. 

    Urine from a 50-year-old man was noted to turn dark red on standing. This change is caused by:

    • Glucose

    • Porphyrins

    • Urochrome

    • Creatinine

    Correct Answer
    A. Porphyrins
    Explanation
    The dark red color of urine from a 50-year-old man on standing is caused by porphyrins. Porphyrins are a group of organic compounds that are involved in the synthesis of heme, which is a component of hemoglobin. When there is an excess of porphyrins in the body, they can be excreted in the urine, leading to a dark red color. This condition is known as porphyria, which can be caused by genetic disorders or certain medications.

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following casts is most likely to be found in healthy people?

    • Hyaline

    • Red blood cell

    • Waxy

    • White blood cell

    Correct Answer
    A. Hyaline
    Explanation
    Hyaline casts are commonly found in the urine of healthy individuals. These casts are transparent and colorless, and their presence indicates normal kidney function. On the other hand, red blood cells and white blood cells in the urine can be indicative of underlying health issues such as infection or kidney damage. Waxy casts, which are wider and more rigid than hyaline casts, are typically associated with chronic kidney disease. Therefore, hyaline casts are the most likely to be found in healthy people.

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  • 16. 

    Antidiuretic hormone regulates the reabsorption of:

    • Water

    • Glucose

    • Potassium

    • Calcium

    Correct Answer
    A. Water
    Explanation
    Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulates the reabsorption of water. ADH is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland in response to low blood volume or high blood osmolality. It acts on the kidneys to increase the permeability of the collecting ducts, allowing more water to be reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. This helps to conserve water and prevent excessive urine production, leading to increased blood volume and decreased urine output. Therefore, the correct answer is water.

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  • 17. 

    While performing an analysis of a baby's urine, the technologist notices the specimen to have a "mousy" odor. Of the following substances that may be excreted in urine, the one that most characteristically produces this odor is:

    • Phenylpyruvic acid

    • Acetone

    • Coliform bacilli

    • Porphyrin

    Correct Answer
    A. Phenylpyruvic acid
    Explanation
    Phenylpyruvic acid is the correct answer because it is associated with a condition called phenylketonuria (PKU), which is characterized by the inability to break down the amino acid phenylalanine. When phenylalanine is not properly metabolized, it can lead to the accumulation of phenylpyruvic acid in the body, which can then be excreted in the urine. This buildup of phenylpyruvic acid gives the urine a distinct "mousy" odor, making it the substance most characteristically associated with this odor. Acetone, coliform bacilli, and porphyrin are not typically associated with a "mousy" odor in urine.

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  • 18. 

    Cessation of urine flow is defined as:

    • Azotemia

    • Dysuria

    • Diuresis

    • Anuria

    Correct Answer
    A. Anuria
    Explanation
    Anuria is the correct answer because it refers to the complete cessation or absence of urine flow. It is a condition where the kidneys are unable to produce urine, usually due to a blockage or dysfunction in the urinary system. This can lead to the accumulation of waste products in the body, resulting in potential health complications.

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  • 19. 

    Normal urine primarily consists of:

    • Water, protein and sodium

    • Water, urea and protein

    • Water, urea and sodium chloride

    • Water, urea and bilirubin

    Correct Answer
    A. Water, urea and sodium chloride
    Explanation
    Normal urine primarily consists of water, urea, and sodium chloride. Water is the main component of urine, making up the majority of its volume. Urea is a waste product produced by the liver when it breaks down proteins, and it is excreted through urine. Sodium chloride, or salt, is also excreted through urine to maintain the body's electrolyte balance. Protein and bilirubin are not typically found in normal urine and their presence may indicate a medical condition.

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  • 20. 

    The principal mucin in synovial fluid is:

    • Hyaluronate

    • Albumin

    • Orosomucoid

    • Pepsin

    Correct Answer
    A. Hyaluronate
    Explanation
    Hyaluronate is the correct answer because it is the main mucin found in synovial fluid. Synovial fluid is a viscous fluid that lubricates and cushions joints, and hyaluronate is responsible for its viscosity and lubricating properties. It helps reduce friction between the joint surfaces and provides nutrients to the cartilage. Albumin, orosomucoid, and pepsin are not mucins found in synovial fluid.

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  • 21. 

    A brown-black urine would most likely contain:

    • Bile pigment

    • Porphyrins

    • Melanin

    • Blood cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Melanin
    Explanation
    A brown-black urine would most likely contain melanin. Melanin is a pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes. It is produced by special cells called melanocytes. In certain conditions or diseases, excess melanin can be excreted through urine, resulting in a dark brown or black color. Bile pigment, porphyrins, and blood cells are also possible causes of discoloration in urine, but melanin is the most likely explanation for a brown-black color.

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  • 22. 

    Osmolality is the measure of:

    • Dissolved particles, including ions

    • Undissociated molecules only

    • Total salt concentration

    • Molecule size

    Correct Answer
    A. Dissolved particles, including ions
    Explanation
    Osmolality is a measure of the concentration of dissolved particles in a solution, including both ions and undissociated molecules. It provides information about the number of solute particles present in a given volume of solvent. Osmolality is not influenced by the size of the molecules, but rather focuses on the total number of particles in solution. Therefore, the correct answer is that osmolality measures dissolved particles, including ions.

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  • 23. 

    Upon standing at room temperature, a urine pH typically:

    • Decreases

    • Increases

    • Remains the same

    • Changes depending on bacterial concentration

    Correct Answer
    A. Increases
    Explanation
    When urine is left standing at room temperature, there is a natural process called urea hydrolysis that occurs. Urea hydrolysis leads to the breakdown of urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. The presence of ammonia increases the alkalinity of the urine, causing the pH to increase. Therefore, the correct answer is "increases".

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  • 24. 

    Urine reagent strips should be stored in a(n):

    • Refrigerator (4-7 degrees C)

    • Incubator (37 degrees C)

    • Cool dry area

    • Open jar exposed to air

    Correct Answer
    A. Cool dry area
    Explanation
    Urine reagent strips should be stored in a cool dry area to maintain their effectiveness. Storing them in a refrigerator or incubator can cause moisture to accumulate on the strips, potentially leading to inaccurate results. Additionally, storing them in an open jar exposed to air can also affect their quality and reliability. Therefore, a cool dry area is the most suitable storage condition for urine reagent strips.

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  • 25. 

    The protein section of the urine reagent strip is most sensitive to:

    • Albumin

    • Mucoprotein

    • Bence Jones protein

    • Globulin

    Correct Answer
    A. Albumin
    Explanation
    Albumin is the correct answer because it is the most common protein found in urine and is a sensitive indicator of kidney damage or dysfunction. Elevated levels of albumin in the urine, known as albuminuria, can be a sign of conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, or kidney disease. The urine reagent strip is specifically designed to detect albumin, making it the most sensitive protein to be detected in urine samples. Mucoprotein, Bence Jones protein, and globulin are also proteins that can be present in urine, but albumin is the most sensitive to detect using the reagent strip.

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  • 26. 

    X

    • X

    • X

    • X

    • X

    Correct Answer
    A. X
  • 27. 

    X

    • X

    • X

    • X

    • X

    Correct Answer
    A. X
  • 28. 

    Urine samples should be examined within 1 hour of voiding because:

    • RBCs, leukocytes and casts agglutinate on standing for several hours at room temperature

    • Urobilinogen increases and bilirubin decreases after prolonged exposure to light

    • Bacterial contamination will cause alkalinization of the urine

    • Ketones will increase due to bacterial and cellular metabolism

    Correct Answer
    A. Bacterial contamination will cause alkalinization of the urine
    Explanation
    Evaluate each statement. (a) is incorrect because these cells don't agglutinate. (b) is partially correct, but urobilinogen decreases in light. (c) is true, bacterial overgrowth does lead to an alkaline urine. (d) is false, ketones are produced by fat metabolism in the patient

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  • 29. 

    A urine specimen is analyzed for glucose by a glucose oxidase reagent strip and a copper reduction test. If both results are positive, which of the following interpretations is correct?

    • Galactose is present

    • Glucose is present

    • Lactose is not present

    • Sucrose is not present

    Correct Answer
    A. Glucose is present
    Explanation
    If both the glucose oxidase reagent strip and the copper reduction test give positive results, it means that glucose is present in the urine specimen. The glucose oxidase reagent strip specifically detects the presence of glucose, while the copper reduction test also indicates the presence of reducing sugars, which includes glucose. Therefore, the correct interpretation is that glucose is present in the urine specimen.

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  • 30. 

    The normal renal threshold for glucose in the adult is approximately:

    • 50 mg/dL

    • 100 mg/dL

    • 160 mg/dL

    • 300 mg/dL

    Correct Answer
    A. 160 mg/dL
    Explanation
    The normal renal threshold for glucose in the adult is approximately 160 mg/dL. This means that when the blood glucose level exceeds 160 mg/dL, the kidneys are unable to reabsorb all the glucose and it starts to be excreted in the urine. Below this threshold, the kidneys are able to reabsorb all the glucose and prevent its loss through urine. This threshold is important in diagnosing and monitoring conditions such as diabetes mellitus, where elevated blood glucose levels indicate impaired glucose regulation.

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  • 31. 

    Which of the following would be affected by allowing a urine specimen to remain at room temperature for 3 hours before analysis?

    • Occult blood

    • Specific gravity

    • PH

    • Protein

    Correct Answer
    A. pH
    Explanation
    Allowing a urine specimen to remain at room temperature for 3 hours before analysis can affect the pH level. pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance, and it can change over time due to various factors such as bacterial growth and chemical reactions. Therefore, if a urine specimen is left at room temperature for an extended period, it can lead to alterations in pH levels, potentially impacting the accuracy of the analysis.

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  • 32. 

    A patient urine sample has an increased protein and a high specific gravity. Which of the following would be a more accurate measure of urine concentration?

    • Osmolality

    • Ketones

    • Refractive index

    • PH

    Correct Answer
    A. Osmolality
    Explanation
    Osmolality is a more accurate measure of urine concentration because it measures the concentration of all solutes in the urine, including proteins and other substances, regardless of their molecular weight. Specific gravity, on the other hand, only measures the density of the urine compared to water and can be influenced by factors other than solute concentration. Ketones, refractive index, and pH are not directly related to urine concentration.

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  • 33. 

    What cell is most commonly associated with vaginal contamination?

    • White

    • Transitional

    • Squamous

    • Glitter

    Correct Answer
    A. Squamous
    Explanation
    Squamous cells are most commonly associated with vaginal contamination. Squamous cells are flat, scale-like cells that line the vagina and are shed naturally as part of the normal vaginal flora. Therefore, their presence in a vaginal sample is not necessarily indicative of any abnormality or infection. White cells, transitional cells, and glitter cells are not typically associated with vaginal contamination.

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  • 34. 

    Which of the following crystals may be found in acidic urine?

    • Calcium carbonate

    • Calcium oxalate

    • Calcium phosphate

    • Triple phosphate

    Correct Answer
    A. Calcium oxalate
    Explanation
    Calcium oxalate crystals may be found in acidic urine. This is because oxalate is more likely to precipitate in an acidic environment. The formation of calcium oxalate crystals can be influenced by factors such as diet, certain medications, and underlying medical conditions. These crystals can contribute to the formation of kidney stones and may indicate an increased risk of developing urinary tract problems.

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  • 35. 

    The volume of urine excreted in a 24-hour period by an adult patient was 500 mL. This condition would be termed:

    • Anuria

    • Oliguria

    • Polyuria

    • Dysuria

    Correct Answer
    A. Oliguria
    Explanation
    Oliguria is the correct answer because it refers to a condition where the volume of urine excreted in a 24-hour period is significantly reduced. In this case, the patient excreted only 500 mL of urine, which is below the normal range of urine output for an adult. Anuria refers to the absence of urine production, polyuria refers to excessive urine production, and dysuria refers to painful or difficult urination, none of which accurately describe the given scenario.

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  • 36. 

    In addition to the sperm count in a fertility study, analysis of seminal fluid should also include:

    • Time of liquefaction, estimation of motility, morphology

    • Motility, morphology, test for alkaline phosphatase

    • Time of liquefaction, test for acid phosphatase, qualitative test for hemoglobin

    • Time of liquefaction, qualitative test for hemoglobin and motility

    Correct Answer
    A. Time of liquefaction, estimation of motility, morphology
    Explanation
    In a fertility study, analyzing seminal fluid is important to assess various factors related to male fertility. The time of liquefaction refers to the time it takes for the semen to change from a gel-like consistency to a more liquid form, which can indicate potential issues with sperm function. Estimation of motility involves assessing the movement of sperm, as low motility can hinder their ability to reach and fertilize an egg. Morphology refers to the shape and structure of sperm, as abnormalities in morphology can affect their ability to penetrate the egg. Therefore, including these factors in the analysis of seminal fluid provides a comprehensive evaluation of male fertility.

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  • 37. 

    A urine speciment comes to the laboratory 7 hours after it is obtained. It is acceptable for culture only if the specimen has been stored:

    • At room temperature

    • At 4-7 degrees C

    • Frozen

    • With a preservative additive

    Correct Answer
    A. At 4-7 degrees C
    Explanation
    Storage must inhibit bacterial growth but not kill the bacteria. Freezing and additives are not acceptable. The most commonly used method of preservation is refrigeration.

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  • 38. 

    The principle of the reagent strip test for urine protein depends on:

    • An enzyme reaction

    • Protein error of indicators

    • Copper reduction

    • The toluidine reaction

    Correct Answer
    A. Protein error of indicators
    Explanation
    The principle of the reagent strip test for urine protein relies on the concept of protein error of indicators. This means that certain indicators used in the test can react with substances other than protein, leading to a false positive or false negative result. The indicators used in the test can be affected by factors such as pH, temperature, and the presence of other substances in the urine, causing inaccurate protein measurements. Therefore, the correct answer is protein error of indicators.

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  • 39. 

    Prior to reporting a red blood cell cast, it is important to observe:

    • Free-floating RBCs

    • Hyaline casts

    • Granular casts

    • Increased white blood cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Free-floating RBCs
    Explanation
    Before reporting a red blood cell cast, it is important to observe free-floating RBCs. Red blood cell casts are formed when RBCs clump together and become trapped in the renal tubules. Therefore, the presence of free-floating RBCs in the urine indicates that there may be a higher likelihood of red blood cell casts being present as well. This observation helps in making a more accurate diagnosis and determining the underlying cause of the condition.

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  • 40. 

    Urine specific gravity is an index of the ability of the kidney to:

    • Filter the plasma

    • Concentrate the urine

    • Alter the hydrogen ion concentration

    • Reabsorb sodium ions

    Correct Answer
    A. Concentrate the urine
    Explanation
    Urine specific gravity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in the urine compared to pure water. A higher specific gravity indicates a more concentrated urine, while a lower specific gravity indicates a more dilute urine. Therefore, the correct answer is "concentrate the urine." This ability is important for the kidneys to regulate the body's water balance and excrete waste products effectively.

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  • 41. 

    EGFR calculated by the MDRD formula takes into account the age, BUN, race, albumin and what else for its calculation?

    • Urea

    • Ammonia

    • Creatinine

    • Cystatin C

    Correct Answer
    A. Creatinine
    Explanation
    The eGFR calculated by the MDRD formula takes into account the age, BUN, race, albumin, and creatinine for its calculation. Creatinine is a waste product that is produced by the muscles and filtered by the kidneys. It is a commonly used marker to estimate kidney function. The MDRD formula combines these factors to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is a measure of how well the kidneys are functioning. Therefore, creatinine is an important component in the calculation of eGFR using the MDRD formula.

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  • 42. 

    The pH of a urine specimen measures the:

    • Free sodium ions

    • Free hydrogen ions

    • Total acid excretion

    • Volatile acids

    Correct Answer
    A. Free hydrogen ions
    Explanation
    The pH of a urine specimen measures the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the urine. pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, and it is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions present. In the case of urine, the pH level can provide information about the body's acid-base balance and the functioning of the kidneys. By measuring the concentration of free hydrogen ions, healthcare professionals can assess the acidity or alkalinity of the urine sample, which can be indicative of certain health conditions or the effectiveness of certain treatments.

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  • 43. 

    The purpose for routinely screening diabetes mellitus patients for microalbuminuria is to monitor the development of:

    • Urinary tract infection

    • Renal disease

    • Yeast infection

    • Diabetes insipidus

    Correct Answer
    A. Renal disease
    Explanation
    Routinely screening diabetes mellitus patients for microalbuminuria is done to monitor the development of renal disease. Microalbuminuria refers to the presence of small amounts of albumin (a protein) in the urine, which can be an early sign of kidney damage. By regularly screening for microalbuminuria, healthcare providers can detect kidney disease in its early stages and take appropriate measures to manage and prevent further damage. This helps in ensuring timely intervention and preserving kidney function in diabetes patients.

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  • 44. 

    Whic of the following is an abnormal crystal described as a hexagonal plate?

    • Cystine

    • Tyrosine

    • Leucine

    • Cholesterol

    Correct Answer
    A. Cystine
    Explanation
    Cystine is an abnormal crystal that is described as a hexagonal plate. This means that when cystine crystallizes, it forms flat, six-sided plates. This is a characteristic feature of cystine crystals, which are often seen in conditions like cystinuria, where there is an abnormal accumulation of cystine in the urine. The other options, tyrosine, leucine, and cholesterol, do not have this specific hexagonal plate morphology.

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  • 45. 

    A technologist is having trouble differentiating between red blood cells, oil droples and yeast cells on a urine microscopy. Acetic acid should be added to the sediment to:

    • Lyse the yeast cells

    • Lyse the red blood cells

    • Dissolve the oil droplets

    • Crenate the red blood cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Lyse the red blood cells
    Explanation
    Adding acetic acid to the sediment in urine microscopy would cause the red blood cells to lyse. Acetic acid disrupts the cell membrane of the red blood cells, leading to their rupture and release of their contents. This lysis would make it easier for the technologist to differentiate between the red blood cells and other components in the urine sample.

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  • 46. 

    Acid urine that contains hemoglobin will darken on standing due to the formation of:

    • Myoglobin

    • Sulfhemoglobin

    • Methemoglobin

    • Red blood cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Methemoglobin
    Explanation
    Acid urine that contains hemoglobin will darken on standing due to the formation of methemoglobin. Methemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin that has been oxidized, resulting in a brown color. This oxidation process occurs naturally over time when hemoglobin is exposed to certain chemicals or conditions, such as acidic urine. The formation of methemoglobin is responsible for the darkening of the urine.

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  • 47. 

    A positive result for bilirubin on a reagent strip should be followed up by:

    • Notifying the physician

    • Requesting a new specimen

    • Performing an Ictotest

    • Performing a urobilinogen test

    Correct Answer
    A. Performing an Ictotest
    Explanation
    A positive result for bilirubin on a reagent strip should be followed up by performing an Ictotest. This test is used to confirm the presence of bilirubin in the urine and can help determine if there is a liver or gallbladder problem. It is important to perform this test to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment if necessary. Notifying the physician and requesting a new specimen may also be necessary, but performing an Ictotest is the most direct and specific follow-up action in this situation.

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  • 48. 

    An ammonia-like odor is characteristically associated with urine from patients who:

    • Are diabetic

    • Have hepatitis

    • Have an infection with Proteus sp

    • Have a yeast infection

    Correct Answer
    A. Have an infection with Proteus sp
    Explanation
    An ammonia-like odor in urine is typically associated with an infection caused by the bacteria Proteus sp. This bacterium produces an enzyme called urease, which breaks down urea in the urine into ammonia, resulting in the distinct odor. Other conditions mentioned in the options such as diabetes, hepatitis, and yeast infections may have their own characteristic symptoms or odors, but they are not specifically associated with an ammonia-like odor in urine.

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  • 49. 

    The advantage of using phase microscopy in urinalysis is to:

    • Provide higher magnification

    • Enhance constituents with a lower refractive index

    • Allow constituents to stain more clearly

    • Provide a larger field of view

    Correct Answer
    A. Enhance constituents with a lower refractive index
    Explanation
    Phase microscopy is a technique that uses the difference in refractive index between different components of a sample to enhance contrast and visibility. In urinalysis, this advantage is particularly useful because it allows for the enhancement of constituents with a lower refractive index, such as cells and bacteria, which may be difficult to visualize using other microscopy techniques. By enhancing the visibility of these constituents, phase microscopy can provide valuable information about the composition of the urine sample and aid in the diagnosis of various urinary tract conditions.

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  • Jul 10, 2024
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  • Jun 12, 2012
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    Melissa3393

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