Urea And Electrolytes

137 - 147 mmol / L

135 - 145 mmol/L

145 - 155 mmol / L

130 - 140 mmol / L

Maintains homoeostasis of body fluids through intravascular action.

Hypertremia and hyopnatermia

Abnormal levels indicate hydration

Good for the liver

3.5 - 5.0 mmol/L

4.0 - 5.1 mmol/L

3.5 - 3.9 mmol/L

5.0 - 6.5 mmol/L

Hyperkalemia (brady and arrythemias) and hypokalemia (tachy and arrythemias)

Controls respiratory output and stroke volume

Controls cardiac conduction and neuromuscular function

Indicator of urine output.

2.6 - 7.7 mmol/L

2.1 - 6.5 mmol/L

2.6 - 6.5 mmol/L

6.5 - 7.1 mmol/L

A waste product of protein metabolism normally cleared by the urine.

Raised urea = renal failure

Raised urea = Dehydration and excessive protein metaboism.

Good for the urethra

4.4 - 6.1 mmol/L

4.1 - 6.5 mmol/L

3.1 - 6.1 mmol/L

3.1 - 4.1 mmol/l

Intracellular energy needed to transport insulin into cells.

Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia

Used and stored as glycogon in liver

Makes ATP