Unit 4 Practice Test

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    The Industrial Revolution began in

    • France
    • The United States
    • Great Britain
    • Russia
    • China
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Unit 4 Practice Test - Quiz
About This Quiz

Unit 4 Practice Test explores key historical events, focusing on revolutions, Enlightenment ideas, and their impact on national states. It assesses understanding of pivotal documents and movements, including the Industrial Revolution and Meiji reforms, relevant for students studying modern history.

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  • 2. 

    The only successful slave revolt in history took place in

    • Cuba

    • Jamaica

    • Haiti

    • Brazil

    • Nigeria

    Correct Answer
    A. Haiti
    Explanation
    Haiti is the correct answer because it is the location where the only successful slave revolt in history occurred. In the late 18th century, enslaved Africans and Afro-Haitians revolted against their French colonial masters, leading to a long and brutal conflict known as the Haitian Revolution. This revolution ultimately resulted in the establishment of Haiti as the first independent black republic in the world, making it a significant event in the history of slavery and colonialism.

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  • 3. 

    During the 17th and 18th centuries, philosophes and other advocates of Enlightenment ideas

    • rarely questioned monarchial rule

    • began to question long-standing notions of sovereignty

    • Believed that the monarchy was functional and well-established

    • were forced to be executed on the guillotine

    • Were mainly women who sought equality and suffrage

    Correct Answer
    A. began to question long-standing notions of sovereignty
    Explanation
    During the 17th and 18th centuries, philosophes and other advocates of Enlightenment ideas began to question long-standing notions of sovereignty. This shift in thinking marked a significant departure from the traditional belief in the divine right of kings and absolute monarchial rule. Instead, these thinkers started to challenge the idea that political power should be concentrated in the hands of a single ruler, and instead advocated for the principles of popular sovereignty and the consent of the governed. This questioning of long-held notions of sovereignty was a key aspect of the Enlightenment movement.

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  • 4. 

    The American and French revolutions were both partially caused by

    • Problems of royal secession

    • High taxation that bred discontent

    • Lack of social mobility in the peasant class

    • food shortages due to poor harvests

    • Church interference

    Correct Answer
    A. High taxation that bred discontent
    Explanation
    Both the American and French revolutions were partially caused by high taxation that bred discontent. This means that the imposition of excessive taxes on the citizens led to dissatisfaction and resentment among the people. This discontent eventually fueled the desire for change and revolution in both countries.

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  • 5. 

    . The key to social reform in Russia was

    • Possessing the leading educational system in Europe

    • the abolition of slavery

    • The emancipation of the serfs

    • The final attainment of equality for women

    • The establishment of universal suffrage

    Correct Answer
    A. The emancipation of the serfs
    Explanation
    The key to social reform in Russia was the emancipation of the serfs. This refers to the abolition of serfdom, which was a system of forced labor where serfs were tied to the land and essentially considered property of the landowners. The emancipation of the serfs was a significant step towards social reform as it granted them freedom and allowed them to own land and engage in other economic activities. This reform aimed to address the inequality and oppression that existed in Russian society at that time.

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  • 6. 

    The leaders of the French Revolution

    • Placed unlimited faith in the potential of the peasants

    • Called for the complete reorganizing of French political, social, and cultural structures

    • Accepted the fact that France would always be a democracy

    • Created concepts and documents that would later influence the American Revolution

    • Were much more conservative than the leaders of the American Revolution

    Correct Answer
    A. Called for the complete reorganizing of French political, social, and cultural structures
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "called for the complete reorganizing of French political, social, and cultural structures." This is because the leaders of the French Revolution sought to completely overhaul the existing systems and structures in France, including the political, social, and cultural aspects. They aimed to create a new order that would be more equitable and just for all citizens. This was a key objective of the revolutionaries and a major factor in the radical changes that occurred during this period in French history.

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  • 7. 

    Which of the following documents were influenced by John Locke’s theory of “consent of the governed”?
      1. I. The Declaration of Independence
      2. II. Declaration of Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen
      3. III. Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
      4. IV. Napoleon’s Civil Code

    • I and IV

    • I and III

    • II

    • II, and III

    • I and II

    Correct Answer
    A. I and III
    Explanation
    The correct answer is I and III. The Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen were both influenced by John Locke's theory of "consent of the governed." Locke believed that governments should derive their power from the consent of the people they govern, and both of these documents reflect this idea. The Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson, asserts that governments derive their power from the consent of the governed and that people have the right to alter or abolish a government that does not protect their rights. The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen, adopted during the French Revolution, also emphasizes the importance of popular sovereignty and the consent of the governed.

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  • 8. 

    The dominant form of industrial organization by the end of the nineteenth century was

    • a socialist-directed economy.

    • The factory system

    • The guild system

    • The putting-out system

    • Cottage industry

    Correct Answer
    A. The factory system
    Explanation
    By the end of the nineteenth century, the dominant form of industrial organization was the factory system. This system involved large-scale production in centralized locations, where workers were employed to operate machinery and produce goods. The factory system replaced previous forms of industrial organization such as the guild system, putting-out system, and cottage industry, which were more prevalent in earlier periods. The factory system allowed for increased efficiency and productivity, leading to significant advancements in industrialization and economic growth during this time.

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  • 9. 

    The Berlin Conference

    • Set up ground rules for the colonization of Africa

    • Ended the Crimean War

    • Set up a timetable for the decolonization of Africa

    • Legitimized the German colonization of the Marshall Islands

    • Established the Triple Alliance

    Correct Answer
    A. Set up ground rules for the colonization of Africa
    Explanation
    The Berlin Conference was a meeting held in 1884-1885 where European powers gathered to discuss the division and colonization of Africa. During the conference, ground rules were established for the colonization of Africa, such as the principle of effective occupation and the recognition of territorial claims. This allowed European powers to divide Africa among themselves and establish their colonies, leading to the eventual colonization and exploitation of the continent.

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  • 10. 

    Social Darwinists believed that

    • Powerful nations were meant to dominate weaker societies

    • Only a socialist political and social structure would keep humans from destroying themselves

    • a sharp distinction had to be made between the biological and social worlds

    • Human beings had reached the point at which competition among nations was no longer necessary

    • More powerful nations had to protect weaker ones

    Correct Answer
    A. Powerful nations were meant to dominate weaker societies
    Explanation
    Social Darwinists believed that powerful nations were meant to dominate weaker societies. This belief was based on the idea of survival of the fittest, where the strongest and most dominant nations were seen as superior and destined to dominate over weaker societies. This perspective justified imperialism and colonization, as it was believed that it was the natural order of things for powerful nations to exert their dominance over weaker ones.

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  • 11. 

    Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in his Social Contract, argued that in every country that sovereign voice in government

    • Resided in the army.

    • Should be the bishops and archbishops because of their special relationship to God.

    • was the king because, despite his faults, he was still of divine appointment.

    • Was the members of society acting collectively.

    • 1. Should be the nobles instead of the king because of their control of the land.

    Correct Answer
    A. Was the members of society acting collectively.
    Explanation
    Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued in his Social Contract that the sovereign voice in government should reside in the members of society acting collectively. This means that the power and authority of the government should come from the people as a whole, rather than being concentrated in a single individual or a specific group such as the army, bishops, archbishops, or nobles. Rousseau believed in the concept of popular sovereignty, where the people collectively make decisions and govern themselves.

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  • 12. 

    The Meiji reformers actively copied the western Europeans and Americans because

    • Japan had already been divided up into spheres of influence and they wanted to find a way to push the westerners out

    • of their desire to make Japan a democratic republic

    • those lands had always treated Japan with respect and equality

    • The Chinese refused to share their technology with the Japanese

    • 5. they understood the danger of those two groups and wanted to find a way to avoid commercial and/or imperial domination by either one.

    Correct Answer
    A. 5. they understood the danger of those two groups and wanted to find a way to avoid commercial and/or imperial domination by either one.
    Explanation
    The Meiji reformers actively copied the western Europeans and Americans because they understood the danger of those two groups and wanted to find a way to avoid commercial and/or imperial domination by either one. By adopting Western practices and technologies, Japan aimed to strengthen itself and become a modern, industrialized nation capable of defending its sovereignty and interests. This approach allowed Japan to assert its independence and resist being divided up into spheres of influence by foreign powers.

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  • 13. 

    Which of the following was not one of John Locke’s main ideas?

    • rulers derived their authority from the consent of those they governed

    • governments were a result of a social contract between the ruler and the ruled

    • Although kings did have divine sanction, their subjects maintained personal rights

    • individuals retained personal rights to life, liberty, and property

    • Subjects have the right to remove their ruler

    Correct Answer
    A. Although kings did have divine sanction, their subjects maintained personal rights
    Explanation
    John Locke believed that rulers derived their authority from the consent of those they governed, governments were a result of a social contract between the ruler and the ruled, individuals retained personal rights to life, liberty, and property, and subjects have the right to remove their ruler. However, he did not believe that kings had divine sanction while their subjects maintained personal rights.

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  • 14. 

    Napoleon’s Civil Code

    • Gave absolute free speech to French newspaper.

    • Was a modern restatement of Justinian’s Corpus Iuris Civilis

    • Affirmed the political and legal equality of all adult men

    • had at its core the radical measures of the Convention

    • reduced patriarchal authority and gave more equality to women

    Correct Answer
    A. Affirmed the political and legal equality of all adult men
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "affirmed the political and legal equality of all adult men." The Napoleonic Civil Code, also known as the Code Napoleon, was a comprehensive legal code that was implemented in France in 1804. It was based on the principles of equality, individual rights, and legal certainty. The code aimed to establish a uniform set of laws that applied to all citizens, regardless of their social status. It affirmed the political and legal equality of all adult men, granting them certain rights and protections under the law. This was a significant departure from the previous legal system, which had been based on feudal privileges and inequalities.

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  • 15. 

    The revolutions of the late 18th and 19th centuries helped to spread Enlightenment ideas and

    • Repudiated socialist and communist philosophies

    • Resulted in the weakening of national states because of the growing emphasis on the individual

    • Take down Napoleon, who was mad with power

    • Strengthened the European control over South America

    • Encouraged the consolidation of national states

    Correct Answer
    A. Encouraged the consolidation of national states
    Explanation
    The revolutions of the late 18th and 19th centuries encouraged the consolidation of national states. These revolutions, such as the American and French Revolutions, led to the overthrow of monarchies and the establishment of new nation-states. The emphasis on individual rights and freedoms during this period contributed to the formation of strong, centralized governments that sought to unite diverse populations under a common identity. The revolutions also inspired nationalist movements, as people fought for self-determination and independence. Overall, these revolutions played a significant role in encouraging the consolidation and strengthening of national states.

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  • 16. 

     The event that best displayed Japan’s rise to the level of a world power was their victory in the

    • Opium War

    • Crimean War

    • Russo-Japanese War

    • 3. Russo-Japanese War Sino-Japanese War

    • Taiping War

    Correct Answer
    A. Russo-Japanese War
    Explanation
    The Russo-Japanese War best displayed Japan's rise to the level of a world power. This conflict, which took place from 1904 to 1905, was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over territorial disputes in East Asia. Japan's victory in this war was significant because it marked the first time an Asian power had defeated a European power in a modern war. It demonstrated Japan's military strength and ability to compete with Western powers, solidifying its status as a rising world power.

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  • 17. 

    Over time, trade unions

    • Were completely unsuccessful in improving the conditions of the working class

    • Stood out as the most radical critics of industrial society

    • Fell under communist control

    • reduced the likelihood of a revolution by improving the lives of working people

    • Dramatically increased the chances for a revolution through their ties to Marxian socialists.

    Correct Answer
    A. reduced the likelihood of a revolution by improving the lives of working people
    Explanation
    Trade unions, over time, were able to improve the conditions of the working class, which in turn reduced the likelihood of a revolution. By advocating for better wages, shorter working hours, and improved working conditions, trade unions were able to address the grievances of the working class and improve their quality of life. As a result, the working class became less likely to revolt against the existing system, as their needs were being met to some extent.

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  • 18. 

    The Self-Strengthening Movement was an attempt to blend indigenous cultural traditions with western technology in

    • Japan

    • Russia

    • China

    • The Ottoman Empire

    • Korea

    Correct Answer
    A. China
    Explanation
    The Self-Strengthening Movement was an attempt by China to blend indigenous cultural traditions with western technology. This movement took place in the late 19th century and aimed to modernize China and strengthen it against Western imperialism. The Chinese government recognized the need to adopt Western technology and military strategies while still preserving their traditional cultural values. This movement included efforts to establish modern industries, improve infrastructure, and modernize the military. However, despite these efforts, China still faced challenges and ultimately experienced a decline in power and influence.

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  • 19. 

    Interchangeable parts were invented by

    • Josiah Wedgwood

    • George Stephenson

    • Eli Whitney

    • Henry Ford

    • Henry Bessemer

    Correct Answer
    A. Eli Whitney
    Explanation
    Eli Whitney is credited with inventing interchangeable parts. He developed a system where individual parts of a product could be mass-produced and easily replaced, leading to increased efficiency and reduced costs. This innovation revolutionized manufacturing processes and had a significant impact on the industrial revolution.

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  • 20. 

    Charles Fourier and Robert Owen were both

    • Marxian capitalists

    • Utopian socialists

    • American industrialists

    • famous communists

    • European imperialists

    Correct Answer
    A. Utopian socialists
    Explanation
    Charles Fourier and Robert Owen were both utopian socialists. Utopian socialism is a term used to describe a belief in creating an ideal society through cooperative and communal living. Fourier and Owen were influential figures in the early socialist movement, advocating for social and economic reforms that would benefit all members of society. They believed in the importance of social harmony and the redistribution of wealth. Their ideas greatly influenced later socialist and communist movements.

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  • 21. 

    The centerpiece of Sergei Witte’s Russian industrial policy was

    • His attempt to copy the rapid industrialization carried out by the Japanese.

    • a massive program of railway construction.

    • His plan to fund the construction of large factories initially with money made from exporting opium.

    • His plan to emancipate the serfs.

    • Cooperative trading and intellectual exchange programs with the United States.

    Correct Answer
    A. a massive program of railway construction.
    Explanation
    Sergei Witte's Russian industrial policy focused on implementing a massive program of railway construction. This can be inferred from the statement that his goal was to copy the rapid industrialization carried out by the Japanese. Building a comprehensive railway network was a key aspect of Japan's industrialization strategy, and Witte aimed to replicate this success in Russia. By constructing railways, Witte intended to improve transportation infrastructure, facilitate trade, and stimulate industrial growth in the country. This aligns with the concept of using railway construction as a centerpiece of his industrial policy.

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  • 22. 

    Marx and Engels proposed that capitalism divided people into two classes. The classes were

    • the capitalist and the bourgeoisie

    • The workers and the nobility

    • The capitalists and the proletariat

    • The workers and the peasantry

    • The nobility and the middle class

    Correct Answer
    A. The capitalists and the proletariat
    Explanation
    Marx and Engels proposed that capitalism divided people into two classes: the capitalists and the proletariat. The capitalists, also known as the bourgeoisie, were the owners of the means of production and controlled the wealth and resources. The proletariat, on the other hand, were the working class who did not own the means of production and had to sell their labor to survive. This division between the capitalists and the proletariat was seen as the main source of conflict and exploitation in capitalist societies according to Marx and Engels.

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  • 23. 

    Siam served as a buffer to prevent conflict between nearby

    • British Burma and Dutch New Guinea

    • Japanese Korea and Russian Manchuria

    • American Philippines and French Indochina

    • French Indochina and British Borneo

    • British Burma and French Indochina

    Correct Answer
    A. British Burma and French Indochina
    Explanation
    Siam served as a buffer between British Burma and French Indochina. This means that Siam acted as a neutral zone or a barrier between these two territories, preventing conflicts from arising between them.

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  • 24. 

    Which of the following Young Turk proposals caused the most dissension in the empire?

    • Free public education

    • Emancipation of women

    • Universal suffrage

    • Turkish as the official language of the empire

    • Equality before the law

    Correct Answer
    A. Turkish as the official language of the empire
    Explanation
    The Young Turk proposals aimed at modernizing the Ottoman Empire and promoting equality and progress. However, the proposal to make Turkish the official language of the empire caused the most dissension. This was because the empire was made up of diverse ethnic and linguistic groups, and making Turkish the official language threatened the cultural and linguistic rights of these groups. It was seen as a way to promote Turkish nationalism and marginalize other ethnic groups within the empire. This proposal was met with resistance and opposition from various groups, leading to significant dissension.

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  • 25. 

    Which of the following was the most important to the British control of India?

    • the complete cooperation of the sepoy troops

    • The opium trade

    • The Suez Canal

    • the Berlin Conference

    • The Panama Canal

    Correct Answer
    A. The Panama Canal

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