Thinking, Language And Intelligence
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Prototypes are especially important in the process of:
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Belief perserverance
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Trial and error
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Constructing algorithms
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Choosing heuristics
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Classifying objects
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Explore key cognitive psychology concepts through this quiz on Thinking, Language, and Intelligence. Topics include heuristics, biases, and problem-solving strategies, enhancing understanding of how humans process information and make decisions.
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- 2.
Heuristics are:
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Methodical step by step procedures for solving problems
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Mental groupings of similar objects, events or people.
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Problem solving strategies involving the use of trial and error
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Rule of thumb strategies for solving problems quickly and effeciently
Correct Answer
A. Rule of thumb strategies for solving problems quickly and effecientlyExplanation
Heuristics are rule of thumb strategies for solving problems quickly and efficiently. Unlike methodical step by step procedures, heuristics are more informal and rely on general guidelines or principles rather than strict rules. They are mental shortcuts that help us make decisions and solve problems based on our past experiences and knowledge. Heuristics can be useful in situations where time is limited or the problem is complex, as they allow us to make quick judgments and decisions without having to go through a lengthy analytical process.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The tendency to search for information consistent with our preconceptions is called:
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Functional fixedness
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Algorithms
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Confirmation bias
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The framing effect
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Representative heuristic
Correct Answer
A. Confirmation biasExplanation
Confirmation bias refers to the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms our preexisting beliefs or hypotheses. This bias can lead to selective perception and memory, as well as the dismissal or avoidance of information that contradicts our beliefs. It can hinder critical thinking and objective decision-making by reinforcing our existing biases and preventing us from considering alternative perspectives or evidence.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The Korean War paratrooper who fell to his death with a left handed parachute apparently suffered the consequences of:
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Overconfidence
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Functional fixedness
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The representative heuristic
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A fixation
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The framing effect
Correct Answer
A. The representative heuristicExplanation
The Korean War paratrooper who fell to his death with a left-handed parachute apparently suffered the consequences of the representative heuristic. The representative heuristic is a mental shortcut where individuals make judgments or decisions based on how closely something resembles a prototype or a stereotype. In this case, the paratrooper may have assumed that the left-handed parachute was similar to the right-handed one he was familiar with, leading to a fatal mistake.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The tendency to estimate that the letter K appears more often as the first letter of the words thatn the third letter best illustrates our use of:
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The representative heuristic
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The availability heuristic
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Prototypes
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Algorithms
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The anchoring heuristic
Correct Answer
A. The availability heuristicExplanation
The availability heuristic refers to our tendency to estimate the likelihood of an event based on how easily we can bring examples of it to mind. In this case, the tendency to estimate that the letter K appears more often as the first letter of words than as the third letter suggests that we are relying on the availability of examples where words start with the letter K. This heuristic can lead to biases in our thinking, as our judgments are influenced by the ease with which we can recall relevant examples.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Framing refers to:
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The way in which a problem or issue is phrased or worded
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A methodical step by step procedure for solving problems
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The grouping of similar objects, events or poeple into a category
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A rule of thumb strategy for solving problems efficiently
Correct Answer
A. The way in which a problem or issue is phrased or wordedExplanation
The term "framing" refers to the way in which a problem or issue is phrased or worded. It involves the language and context used to present the problem, which can significantly influence how individuals perceive and approach it. The framing of a problem can shape people's understanding, attitudes, and potential solutions. By choosing specific words or emphasizing certain aspects, framers can guide the way individuals think about and respond to the problem or issue at hand.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Two year old Dirk's sentences "Dad come" "mom laugh" are examples of
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Babbling
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Artificial grammer
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Telegraphic speech
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Universal grammer
Correct Answer
A. Telegraphic speechExplanation
Dirk's sentences "Dad come" and "mom laugh" are examples of telegraphic speech. This stage of language development typically occurs around the age of two and is characterized by the use of short, simple phrases that omit certain grammatical elements such as articles, prepositions, and auxiliary verbs. In telegraphic speech, children focus on conveying the main content of their message using key words. Dirk's sentences demonstrate this pattern by using only the essential words needed to communicate his message.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Behaviorists such as BF Skinner have emphasized that they acquisiton of language can be explained in terms of:
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The association of word sounds with various objects, events, actions, and qualities
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Children's imitation of the words and grammar modeled by parents and others
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The positive reinforcement that adults give children for speaking correctly
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All of the above
Correct Answer
A. All of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "all of the above". Behaviorists like BF Skinner believe that language acquisition can be explained by the association of word sounds with objects, events, actions, and qualities. They also emphasize that children imitate the words and grammar modeled by parents and others. Additionally, behaviorists argue that the positive reinforcement that adults give children for speaking correctly plays a role in language acquisition. Therefore, all of these factors are considered to contribute to the explanation of language acquisition according to behaviorists.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The chimpanzee Sultan used a short stick to retrieve a long stick, then used the long stick to retreive a piece of fruit. Sultan's successful acquisition of the fruit was said to be the results of:
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Insight
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A fixation
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Trial and error
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The availability heuristic
Correct Answer
A. InsightExplanation
Sultan's successful acquisition of the fruit can be attributed to insight. Insight refers to the sudden realization or understanding of a problem or solution. In this case, Sultan demonstrated a higher level of cognitive understanding by using the short stick to retrieve the long stick and then using the long stick to retrieve the fruit. This behavior suggests that Sultan was able to perceive the problem and come up with a novel solution without the need for trial and error or relying on previous experience.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Sorina has a mental age of 10 and an IQ of 125 as measured by the Stanford-Binet. Sorina's chronological age is:
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6
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8
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9
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10
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12.5
Correct Answer
A. 8Explanation
Based on the information provided, Sorina has a mental age of 10 and an IQ of 125. IQ is calculated by dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100. Therefore, if Sorina's mental age is 10 and her IQ is 125, her chronological age would be 8.Rate this question:
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- 11.
A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of test items that seem to tap a common ability is ccalled:
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Correlational measurement
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Standardization
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Reliability assessment
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Criterion based validation
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Factor analysis
Correct Answer
A. Factor analysisExplanation
Factor analysis is a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of test items that seem to tap a common ability. It is used to determine the underlying factors or dimensions that are being measured by a set of variables. By analyzing the interrelationships between variables, factor analysis helps to simplify and organize complex data, allowing researchers to identify the underlying factors that contribute to the observed patterns.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Spearman referred to the general capacity that may underlie all the specifc menatl abilities as:
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IQ
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Heritability
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G factor
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Factor analysis
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Emotional intelligence
Correct Answer
A. G factorExplanation
The correct answer is the "g factor". Spearman referred to the general capacity that may underlie all specific mental abilities as the "g factor". This refers to the idea that intelligence is not just made up of specific abilities, but also has a general factor that influences overall cognitive performance. This concept suggests that individuals who perform well in one cognitive task are likely to perform well in other cognitive tasks as well.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The test that provides perarate "verbal" and "performance" intelligence scores, as well as an overall intelligence score, is the:
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WAIS
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SAT
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Stanford Binet
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Terman IQ test
Correct Answer
A. WAISExplanation
The WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) is a test that provides separate scores for verbal and performance intelligence, as well as an overall intelligence score. It is commonly used to assess cognitive abilities in adults and is considered a reliable measure of intelligence. The SAT is a standardized test used for college admissions, and while it assesses cognitive abilities, it does not provide separate scores for verbal and performance intelligence. The Stanford Binet and Terman IQ tests are also intelligence tests, but they do not provide separate scores for verbal and performance intelligence like the WAIS does.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The final exam in a calculus course would be an examples of a(n) ____ test.
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Aptitude
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Achievement
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Standardization
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General intelligence
Correct Answer
A. AchievementExplanation
The final exam in a calculus course would be an example of an achievement test. This is because an achievement test is designed to measure the knowledge and skills that a student has acquired in a specific subject or course. In this case, the final exam is assessing the student's achievement in calculus, evaluating their understanding of the concepts and their ability to apply them.Rate this question:
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- 15.
A test has a high degree of validity if it:
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Measures of predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict
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Yields consistent results every time it is used
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Produces a normal distribution of scores
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Has been standardized on a representative sample of all those who are likely to take the test.
Correct Answer
A. Measures of predicts what it is supposed to measure or predictExplanation
A test has a high degree of validity if it measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict. This means that the test accurately assesses the specific construct or variable it is designed to measure. Validity is an important aspect of test quality as it ensures that the test is actually measuring what it claims to measure. Consistency of results, normal distribution of scores, and standardization on a representative sample are also important factors in test quality, but they do not directly address the issue of validity.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Intelligence tests are most likely to be considered cultually biased in terms of their:
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Content validity
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Predictive validity
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Normal distribution
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Reliability
Correct Answer
A. Content validityExplanation
Intelligence tests are most likely to be considered culturally biased in terms of their content validity. Content validity refers to the extent to which a test measures the specific content or skills it is intended to measure. If the content of an intelligence test is heavily influenced by a particular culture's values, beliefs, or experiences, it may not accurately assess the intelligence of individuals from different cultural backgrounds. This can result in cultural bias, where certain groups may be disadvantaged or unfairly assessed based on their cultural differences.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Mar 16, 2010Quiz Created by
Jarmstrong
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