Learning Systems Theory Quiz Questions
- 1.
In anterograde amnesia, which of the following is not present?
- A.
Memory for events 20 years ago
- B.
Memory for events in the past week
- C.
Normal ability to do working memory tasks that take less than 30 seconds
- D.
Normal phenomenological awareness
Correct Answer
B. Memory for events in the past weekExplanation
Anterograde amnesia is a type of memory impairment where the individual is unable to form new memories after the onset of the condition. This means that they have difficulty remembering events or information that occurred after the amnesia started. However, their ability to recall events from the past, including those that happened 20 years ago, may remain intact. Therefore, the correct answer is "memory for events in the past week" as this would fall within the timeframe of new memories that the individual with anterograde amnesia would struggle to retain.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Considering a stimulus A that is presented for exactly 100ms. Immediately after Stimulus A is presented, Stimulus B is presented for exactly 200 ms. The interstimulus interval for stimulus A and B is
- A.
100 ms
- B.
0 ms
- C.
200 ms
- D.
300 ms
Correct Answer
B. 0 msExplanation
The interstimulus interval for stimulus A and B is 0 ms because Stimulus B is presented immediately after Stimulus A. This means that there is no time gap or delay between the two stimuli.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Synchronized EEG is found in which sleep stage(s)?
- A.
Stage 1
- B.
Stage 2
- C.
REM
- D.
Stage 3 and 4
Correct Answer
D. Stage 3 and 4Explanation
Synchronized EEG is found in stage 3 and 4 of sleep. During these stages, the brain waves become slower and more synchronized, indicating deep sleep. This is also known as slow-wave sleep or delta sleep. Synchronized EEG patterns during stage 3 and 4 sleep are associated with important restorative functions of the body, such as tissue repair, hormone regulation, and memory consolidation.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve shows, with regard to memory for learned information
- A.
Precipitous decline in the first 30 seconds, then very slow decline
- B.
Linear decline
- C.
Precipitous decline in the first day, then very slow decline
- D.
Slow decline in the first day, then precipitous decline
Correct Answer
C. Precipitous decline in the first day, then very slow declineExplanation
The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve suggests that there is a rapid decline in memory retention within the first day of learning, followed by a much slower decline over time. This means that most forgetting occurs shortly after learning, and then the rate of forgetting slows down significantly.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Pre-categorical means
- A.
Processing that includes identifying the category of a stimulus
- B.
Processing that falls short of identifying category
- C.
Processing that occurs after the appearance of a mask
- D.
Processing that occurs after the presentation of a category name
Correct Answer
B. Processing that falls short of identifying categoryExplanation
Pre-categorical processing refers to the stage of information processing where the brain is able to process certain aspects of a stimulus but does not fully identify its category. This means that the brain can recognize some features or characteristics of the stimulus, but it is unable to categorize it accurately. It suggests that the processing is incomplete and does not reach the level of fully identifying the category to which the stimulus belongs.Rate this question:
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- 6.
In working memory, a word written in green ink on a whiteboard would primarily be maintained in
- A.
The central executive
- B.
Visuospatial sketchpad
- C.
Phonological loop
- D.
Episodic buffer
Correct Answer
C. Phonological loopExplanation
The phonological loop is responsible for maintaining and processing verbal information, such as words. In this scenario, the word written in green ink on a whiteboard would be primarily maintained in the phonological loop because it involves processing the visual information of the word and converting it into a verbal representation. The phonological loop is responsible for the temporary storage and rehearsal of verbal information, making it the most appropriate component of working memory for maintaining the word in this situation.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The Karni et al. (1994) study published in Science makes use of a task that is considered procedural because
- A.
It is nonverbal
- B.
It explicitly requires participants to remember their earlier experience in the task
- C.
It is verbal and involves statements, assertions and propositions
- D.
Learning is impaired by the disruption of REM sleep
Correct Answer
A. It is nonverbalExplanation
The Karni et al. (1994) study published in Science makes use of a task that is considered procedural because it is nonverbal. This means that the task does not involve verbal communication or language. Instead, it likely involves actions, movements, or visual stimuli that participants need to learn and remember. Procedural tasks typically require the development of motor or perceptual skills, rather than the explicit recall of facts or information. Therefore, the fact that the task in this study is nonverbal suggests that it falls under the category of procedural learning.Rate this question:
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- 8.
the three systems of memory in the Atkinson-Shiffrin (1968) model are
- A.
Attention, rehearsal, retrieval
- B.
Sensory, working memory, LTM
- C.
Sensory, STM, LTM
- D.
Decay, displacement, interference
Correct Answer
C. Sensory, STM, LTMExplanation
The correct answer is Sensory, STM, LTM. In the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, memory is divided into three systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). Sensory memory holds information from our senses for a very brief period. STM is responsible for holding a limited amount of information for a short duration. LTM is the system where information is stored for a long time, potentially indefinitely. This model suggests that information moves from sensory memory to STM and then to LTM through processes like attention, rehearsal, and retrieval.Rate this question:
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- 9.
which of the following pairs of words would be coded most similarly in LTM?
- A.
Steal and steel
- B.
Great and grate
- C.
Friend and acquaintance
- D.
Four and for
Correct Answer
C. Friend and acquaintanceExplanation
The pair "friend and acquaintance" would be coded most similarly in LTM because they are both related to relationships and social connections. Both words refer to people who are known to each other, although the level of familiarity may differ. This similarity in meaning and context would result in them being stored closely together in long-term memory. The other word pairs, such as "steal and steel" or "great and grate," do not share the same semantic relationship and would not be coded as similarly in LTM.Rate this question:
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- 10.
if not maintained by rehearsal, information in STM is lost in about
- A.
100 ms
- B.
2-5 s
- C.
20 s
- D.
5-10 minutes
Correct Answer
C. 20 sExplanation
The correct answer is 20 s. Short-term memory (STM) is a temporary storage system that can hold a limited amount of information for a short period of time. If the information in STM is not actively rehearsed or refreshed, it will decay and be lost. Research suggests that the duration of STM without rehearsal is approximately 20 seconds. This means that if we do not actively repeat or think about the information within that time frame, it will fade away from our memory.Rate this question:
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- 11.
memory of pictures in LTM is better when the pictures are studied along with verbal explanation of the content of the pictures. This has been taken as evidence that
- A.
Pictures are rehearsed in the visuospatial sketchpad in LTM
- B.
The capacity of LTM for pictures is for all intents and purposes infinite
- C.
Visual memory in LTM is coded at least in part semantically
- D.
Memory in LTM involves phonological coding
Correct Answer
C. Visual memory in LTM is coded at least in part semanticallyExplanation
The correct answer suggests that visual memory in long-term memory (LTM) is coded at least partially semantically. This means that when pictures are studied along with verbal explanations of their content, the information is better remembered in LTM. This implies that the meaning and context of the pictures are important for encoding and retrieving visual information from memory. It also suggests that visual information is not solely stored in a visual or spatial format, but is also connected to semantic knowledge and understanding.Rate this question:
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- 12.
According to complementary learning systems theory
- A.
All information is originally learned in semantic memory and then transferred to episodic memory
- B.
For patients with amnesia, performance on recall tasks is about as good as performance of patients without amnesia
- C.
The hippocampus is specialized for slow learning of patterns, while cortex is specialized for rapid learning that is not good at detecting patterns
- D.
The hippocampus is specialized for rapid learning that is not good at detecting patterns, while cortex is specialized for slow learning that is good at detecting patterns
Correct Answer
D. The hippocampus is specialized for rapid learning that is not good at detecting patterns, while cortex is specialized for slow learning that is good at detecting patternsExplanation
According to the complementary learning systems theory, the hippocampus is specialized for rapid learning that is not good at detecting patterns, while the cortex is specialized for slow learning that is good at detecting patterns. This suggests that the hippocampus is responsible for quickly acquiring new information, but it does not have the ability to recognize or understand complex patterns. On the other hand, the cortex is capable of slower but more comprehensive learning, allowing it to detect and interpret patterns effectively. This explanation aligns with the theory of complementary learning systems and provides a logical understanding of the roles of the hippocampus and cortex in learning and pattern recognition.Rate this question:
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- 13.
in recognition tests of working memory, participants often falsely report that a homophone of a studied word was on the studied list. This has been taken as evidence that
- A.
Coding in LTM is semantic
- B.
Coding in LTM is phonological
- C.
Coding in working memory is phonological
- D.
Coding in working memory is semantic
Correct Answer
C. Coding in working memory is phonologicalExplanation
The fact that participants often falsely report a homophone of a studied word as being on the studied list suggests that coding in working memory is phonological. This means that participants are relying on the sound or pronunciation of the word rather than its meaning when recalling it. This finding supports the idea that working memory primarily processes and stores information based on its phonological characteristics.Rate this question:
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- 14.
K-complexes and spindles are found in
- A.
Stage 1
- B.
Stage 2
- C.
REM
- D.
Stage 3 and 4
Correct Answer
B. Stage 2Explanation
K-complexes and spindles are characteristic brain wave patterns that are commonly observed during stage 2 of sleep. Stage 2 is a transitional stage between light sleep (stage 1) and deep sleep (stage 3 and 4). K-complexes are large, slow waves that are believed to be involved in the processing and integration of external stimuli, while spindles are bursts of fast brain waves that are thought to play a role in memory consolidation. Therefore, the presence of K-complexes and spindles in stage 2 is indicative of the brain's transition into a deeper and more restorative sleep state.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The name of the briefly stored representation of visual information in sensory memory is
- A.
The echo
- B.
The mask
- C.
The probe
- D.
The icon
Correct Answer
D. The iconExplanation
The correct answer is "the icon". In sensory memory, the icon refers to the briefly stored representation of visual information. It is a visual image or mental representation that remains in our memory for a very short period of time before it is either transferred to short-term memory or forgotten. The icon helps us retain visual information for a brief moment, allowing us to perceive and make sense of our surroundings.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Subvocal rehearsal in working memory is considered to take place in
- A.
The central executive
- B.
The visuospatial sketchpad
- C.
The articulatory loop
- D.
Wernicke's area
Correct Answer
C. The articulatory loopExplanation
The correct answer is the articulatory loop. The articulatory loop is a component of working memory that is responsible for the rehearsal and manipulation of verbal information. It is involved in the subvocalization process, which is the silent repetition of words or sounds in the mind. This process helps to maintain information in working memory and prevent it from being forgotten. The central executive is responsible for coordinating and controlling the different components of working memory. The visuospatial sketchpad is involved in the manipulation and storage of visual and spatial information. Wernicke's area is a region of the brain that is primarily associated with language comprehension and production.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The Baddeley and Hitch (1974) experiment in which subjects memorized a digit span of six numbers and then did a sentence verification task is problematic for traditional views of STM because
- A.
In the traditional view, STM should not be able to retain a span of six numbers
- B.
It seems to imply that people can store both numbers and letters in STm, and the traditional view is that STM can store letters or numbers, but not both
- C.
In the traditional view, sentences are processed entirely by echoic memory
- D.
It seems to imply a capacity greater than 7 plus or minus 2
Correct Answer
D. It seems to imply a capacity greater than 7 plus or minus 2Explanation
The Baddeley and Hitch (1974) experiment challenges traditional views of STM because it suggests a capacity greater than the commonly accepted 7 plus or minus 2. This contradicts the idea that STM has a limited capacity for retaining information. The experiment's findings indicate that individuals were able to memorize a digit span of six numbers, which exceeds the traditional view of STM's capacity. This implies that STM may have a greater capacity than previously believed.Rate this question:
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- 18.
search that continues through to the end of a memory set even after the sought-after item is found would be considered
- A.
Serial self-terminating
- B.
Serial exhaustive
- C.
Semantic
- D.
Phonological
Correct Answer
B. Serial exhaustiveExplanation
Serial exhaustive search refers to a search process that continues until the end of a memory set, even after finding the sought-after item. This means that the search does not terminate immediately upon finding the desired item, but instead continues until all items in the memory set have been examined. This type of search is exhaustive in nature as it thoroughly examines the entire set of items. It is called "serial" because the search is conducted in a sequential manner, examining each item one by one.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Hopfield networks are said to "dream" when
- A.
Periodic activation unlearns parasitic memories
- B.
Their output indicates something analogous to rapid eye movements
- C.
They fail to thermoregulate
- D.
They are first learning which output is appropriate for which input
Correct Answer
A. Periodic activation unlearns parasitic memoriesExplanation
When Hopfield networks "dream," it means that through periodic activation, they are able to unlearn parasitic memories. This process allows the network to eliminate unwanted or irrelevant information that may have been stored in its connections. By periodically activating the network, it can gradually weaken and eventually remove these parasitic memories, improving its overall performance and ability to recall relevant information.Rate this question:
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- 20.
the very rare instances of the complete absence of atonia in human sleep lead to
- A.
Thermoregualtion
- B.
Sexual arousal
- C.
REM Behavior Disorder
- D.
Desynchronization
Correct Answer
C. REM Behavior DisorderExplanation
REM Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of atonia during REM sleep. Atonia is a state of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during REM sleep to prevent individuals from acting out their dreams. In RBD, this paralysis is absent, leading to individuals physically acting out their dreams. Therefore, RBD is the most appropriate answer as it directly relates to the absence of atonia in human sleep.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Peripheral processing in the visual system refers to processing that
- A.
Occurs between the retina and visual cortex
- B.
Occurs where the two optic nerves cross at the center of the brain
- C.
Occurs between visual cortex and areas to which information is sent from the visual cortex
- D.
Occurs for saccade fixations at the very center of a visual scene
Correct Answer
A. Occurs between the retina and visual cortexExplanation
Peripheral processing in the visual system refers to the processing that occurs between the retina and visual cortex. This means that it includes the initial stages of visual processing that take place in the retina, such as the detection of light and the formation of neural signals, as well as the subsequent processing that occurs in the visual cortex, where the signals are further analyzed and interpreted. This processing is crucial for our ability to perceive and make sense of visual information from our surroundings.Rate this question:
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- 22.
in the flowerpot or pedestal technique, the rat falls from the platform when
- A.
It enters sleep
- B.
It enters REM
- C.
Place cells are activated
- D.
Cells in the cortex are activated
Correct Answer
B. It enters REMExplanation
In the flowerpot or pedestal technique, the rat falls from the platform when it enters REM sleep. REM sleep is characterized by rapid eye movement and is associated with vivid dreaming. During REM sleep, the body is in a state of muscle paralysis, which causes the rat to lose its balance and fall from the platform. This technique is often used in sleep research to study the effects of REM sleep deprivation on the brain and behavior.Rate this question:
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- 23.
dysarthria refers to
- A.
Severe damage to STM while LTM is intact
- B.
An in impairment in subvocal rehearsal
- C.
Speech that is fluent but nonsensical
- D.
An impairment in articulating speech which has a neurological cause
Correct Answer
D. An impairment in articulating speech which has a neurological causeExplanation
Dysarthria refers to an impairment in articulating speech which has a neurological cause. This means that individuals with dysarthria have difficulty controlling the muscles used for speech production, resulting in slurred or unclear speech. It is caused by damage or dysfunction in the nervous system, such as in the muscles, nerves, or brain regions involved in speech production. This impairment can affect the clarity, volume, and quality of speech, making it difficult for others to understand.Rate this question:
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- 24.
masking disrupts
- A.
Visible persistence
- B.
Informational persistence
- C.
Interstimulus interval
- D.
Stimulus onset asynchrony
Correct Answer
A. Visible persistenceExplanation
Visible persistence refers to the phenomenon where a visual stimulus continues to be perceived by the viewer even after it has been removed. This persistence is due to the afterimages that are formed in the visual system. When a stimulus is masked, it means that it is immediately followed or overlapped by another stimulus that prevents the viewer from perceiving it fully. This disrupts the visible persistence because the masked stimulus is not given enough time to leave an afterimage and be perceived for a longer duration. Therefore, masking disrupts the visible persistence.Rate this question:
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- 25.
In sleep, atonia is present in
- A.
Stage 1
- B.
Stage 2
- C.
Stage REM
- D.
Stages 3 and 4
Correct Answer
C. Stage REMExplanation
During REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, the body experiences muscle atonia, which is a state of temporary paralysis. This is a natural mechanism that prevents individuals from physically acting out their dreams and potentially causing harm to themselves or others. During this stage, the brain is highly active, and vivid dreaming occurs. Therefore, the correct answer is stage REM.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The 2-back task involves phonological coding because
- A.
The stimulus are masked
- B.
Information is held in long-term memory
- C.
Information is held in sensory memory
- D.
Information is held in working memory
Correct Answer
D. Information is held in working memoryExplanation
The 2-back task involves phonological coding because it requires the participant to remember and compare the current stimulus with the one presented two trials ago. This task relies on the phonological loop of working memory, which is responsible for the temporary storage and processing of auditory information. The participant needs to encode and maintain the auditory stimuli in working memory to successfully perform the task, making the answer "information is held in working memory" the correct explanation.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Henry Molaison developed anterograde amnesia after
- A.
A bad skateboard accident
- B.
Having surgery to treat his epilepsy
- C.
Falling off his horse and then having his horse fall on him
- D.
Shooting a crossbow bolt into his frontal lobe
Correct Answer
B. Having surgery to treat his epilepsyExplanation
Henry Molaison developed anterograde amnesia after having surgery to treat his epilepsy. This is because during the surgery, a part of his brain called the hippocampus was removed to alleviate his seizures. The hippocampus is crucial for the formation of new memories, and its removal resulted in Henry's inability to create new long-term memories. While his previous memories remained intact, he was unable to remember any new information after the surgery. This case study played a significant role in understanding the role of the hippocampus in memory formation.Rate this question:
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- 28.
In regards to dreaming "precognitive" means
- A.
Processing that extracts only orthographic elements and is not categorical
- B.
Processing that extracts meaning and category
- C.
Having knowledge of some future event or information
- D.
Inhibiting brain activation in response to stimulation outside of the body
Correct Answer
C. Having knowledge of some future event or informationExplanation
The term "precognitive" refers to having knowledge of future events or information. This means that a person who is precognitive is able to foresee or predict things that will happen in the future.Rate this question:
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- 29.
the method of loci is
- A.
A mnemonic strategy that involves memorizing a route
- B.
An equation that represents the loss of information in the Ebbinghaus curve
- C.
A surgical technique for curving epilepsy
- D.
A means of presenting stimuli in a test of working memory
Correct Answer
A. A mnemonic strategy that involves memorizing a routeExplanation
The method of loci is a mnemonic strategy that involves memorizing a route. This technique relies on visualizing a familiar location, such as a house, and mentally placing items or information that needs to be remembered at different locations within that space. By mentally retracing the route and associating each item with a specific location, it becomes easier to recall the information when needed. This method is often used to improve memory and recall, especially for lists or sequences of information.Rate this question:
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- 30.
One possible function of sleep spindles appears to be
- A.
To coordinate motor actions with information processed through the sensory system
- B.
To synchronize memory storage in the hippocampus and neocortex
- C.
To synthesize or make sense of random activation from the brainstem
- D.
To implement atonia
Correct Answer
B. To synchronize memory storage in the hippocampus and neocortexExplanation
Sleep spindles are brief bursts of brain activity that occur during non-REM sleep. Research suggests that one of the functions of sleep spindles is to synchronize memory storage in the hippocampus and neocortex. The hippocampus is involved in the formation and consolidation of memories, while the neocortex is responsible for long-term memory storage. Sleep spindles help to transfer information from the hippocampus to the neocortex, facilitating memory consolidation during sleep. This synchronization process is crucial for memory formation and retention.Rate this question:
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- 31.
In the Hobson-McCarley Activation Synthesis model, "activation" refers to
- A.
Random periodic activation that originates in the brainstem
- B.
Random periodic activation that originates in the cortex
- C.
Random periodic activation that removes parasitic memories
- D.
EEG spindles that occur simultaneously in the hippocampus and cortex
Correct Answer
A. Random periodic activation that originates in the brainstemExplanation
The correct answer is "random periodic activation that originates in the brainstem" because according to the Hobson-McCarley Activation Synthesis model, during REM sleep, the brainstem generates random electrical impulses that activate various areas of the brain. This random activation is responsible for dreaming.Rate this question:
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- 32.
According to dual-coding hypothesis, which of the following words would be remembered best?
- A.
Justice
- B.
Suppose
- C.
Elephant
- D.
Absence
Correct Answer
C. ElephantExplanation
According to the dual-coding hypothesis, words that can be represented both visually and verbally are remembered best. The word "elephant" can easily be visualized, as it is a concrete object that can be imagined and seen in the mind's eye. This visual representation enhances memory encoding and retrieval, making "elephant" the word that would be remembered best.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The word length effect refers to the fact that, on average, longer words are remembered less well than shorter words in working memory tasks, This is support for subvocal rehearsal in STM because
- A.
Longer words have fewer homophones
- B.
Longer words take up more capacity in the central executive
- C.
Longer words take longer to rehearse so not as many of them can be held in STM
- D.
Longer words are less frequent in language
Correct Answer
C. Longer words take longer to rehearse so not as many of them can be held in STMExplanation
The word length effect suggests that longer words are remembered less well in working memory tasks. This supports the idea of subvocal rehearsal in short-term memory because longer words take longer to rehearse. As a result, fewer of them can be held in short-term memory compared to shorter words.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Given two trials in working memory task, Trial A and Trial B, with an interstimulus interval of 20 s, such that A precedes B
- A.
We can assume that Trial A is affected by proactive interference from Trial B
- B.
We can assume that Trial B is affected by proactive interference from Trial A
- C.
We can assume that because this is a working memory, there is no proactive interference
- D.
We can assume that for Trial A and trial B, stimulus onset asychrony = interstimulus interrval
Correct Answer
B. We can assume that Trial B is affected by proactive interference from Trial AExplanation
In this working memory task, Trial A precedes Trial B with an interstimulus interval of 20 seconds. Proactive interference refers to the phenomenon where previously learned information interferes with the recall or retrieval of new information. Since Trial A comes before Trial B, it is more likely that the information from Trial A will interfere with the recall or retrieval of information in Trial B. Therefore, we can assume that Trial B is affected by proactive interference from Trial A.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Counting backward by threes in the Brown-Peterson task, in which participants are first shown a trigram and asked to remember it
- A.
Is considered to disrupt subvocal rehearsal of the trigram
- B.
Has been taken as strong evidence for a major role of decay in forgetting
- C.
Is considered to disrupt rehearsal in the visuospatial sketchpad
- D.
Is assumed to have its strongest effect in the first few trials of the tasks
Correct Answer
A. Is considered to disrupt subvocal rehearsal of the trigramExplanation
Counting backward by threes in the Brown-Peterson task is considered to disrupt subvocal rehearsal of the trigram. Subvocal rehearsal refers to silently repeating the trigram in one's mind to maintain it in short-term memory. By counting backward, participants are engaging in a verbal task that interferes with their ability to mentally rehearse the trigram. This disruption of subvocal rehearsal supports the idea that it plays a crucial role in maintaining information in short-term memory.Rate this question:
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- 36.
informational persistence is not inversely related to stimulus luminance. this fact has been interpreted as meaning
- A.
The greater the luminance of a stimulus, the longer the informational persistence
- B.
The longer the duration of a stimulus, the longer the informational persistence
- C.
Informational persistence mainly involves peripheral processes in the visual system
- D.
Informational persistence mainly involves central processes in the visual system
Correct Answer
D. Informational persistence mainly involves central processes in the visual system -
- 37.
sleepwalking typically occurs in
- A.
Stage 1
- B.
Stage 2
- C.
REM
- D.
Stages 3 and 4
Correct Answer
D. Stages 3 and 4Explanation
Sleepwalking typically occurs in Stages 3 and 4. These stages are known as deep sleep or slow-wave sleep. During these stages, the brain waves slow down and the body undergoes restorative processes. Sleepwalking is more likely to occur during these stages because it involves complex behaviors and movements, such as walking or talking, which are more likely to happen during deep sleep. Sleepwalking is less likely to occur during lighter stages of sleep, such as stage 1 or stage 2, or during REM sleep when dreaming occurs.Rate this question:
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- 38.
In Sperling's (1960) experiments, the instructed task in the partial report condition was to
- A.
Report whether the cue was high, middle, or low
- B.
Report as many letters as possible from the display
- C.
Report all the letter in the cued row
- D.
Report part of the cued row
Correct Answer
C. Report all the letter in the cued rowExplanation
In Sperling's (1960) experiments, the instructed task in the partial report condition was to report all the letters in the cued row. This means that participants were asked to recall and report all the letters they saw in the specific row that was cued. This task was designed to assess the participants' ability to retain and recall visual information from a brief display. By asking them to report all the letters in the cued row, researchers could measure the capacity and accuracy of their visual memory.Rate this question:
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- 39.
production of actual, out-loud speech is thought to occur
- A.
In working memory tasks that involve purely visual stimuli
- B.
In wernicke's area and regions around the wernicke's area
- C.
Only in tasks that involve LTM
- D.
In Broca's area and regions around Broca's area
Correct Answer
D. In Broca's area and regions around Broca's areaExplanation
The production of actual, out-loud speech is thought to occur in Broca's area and regions around Broca's area. This area of the brain is responsible for the motor planning and execution of speech. It is involved in the production of language and is connected to other areas of the brain involved in language processing.Rate this question:
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