.
The IQ correlation between identical twins is higher than the same measure between fraternal twins
The IQ correlation between identical twins is lower than the same measure between fraternal twins
The IQ correlation between identical twins who grew up together is higher than the same measure between identical twins who were separated at birth
The IQ correlation between identical twins who grew up together is lower than the same measure between identical twins who were separated at birth
A. It is reliable and cost effective
B. It is contradictory and unreliable
C. It was a main research methodology of functionalism
D. It is applicable only to visual imagery
A. Refining the method of introspection to understand mental processes
B. Providing functionalities of behaviors instead of simply establishing associations
C. Adding a large body of relevant data for cognitive science to draw on
D. Developing a set of rigorous experimental methods to use in psychology research
A. Neural elements underlying cognitive processes
B. What information we need to know to perform a cognitive task
C. How the environment imposes constraints on our performance of a cognitive task
D. The stages involved in performing a cognitive task
A. Inhibitory; excitatory
C. Excitatory; inhibitory
B. Dopaminergic; acetylcholinic
D. Acetylcholinic; dopaminergic
Lack of semantic comprehension
Ungrammatical sentence
Problems with articulation
Frequent stopping in speech production
Grammatical but rambling speech; ungrammatical but semantically coherent speech
Grammatical but semantically incoherent speech; ungrammatical but semantically incoherent speech
Ungrammatical speech; semantically incoherent speech
Long and ungrammatical sentences; short and ungrammatical sentences
Right; left
Left, Right
Left, left
Right, right
Electroencephalography
Positron emisson tomography
Computer axial tomography
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Encoding symbols externally (perceptually)
Retrieving rules associated with symbols
Encoding symbols internally (from memory)
Programming motor sequences
A participant may not be comfortable in a scanner
BOLD signal is slow to rise from and fall to the baseline activation.
Response time can be measured more precisely
Sufficiently long time would secure high accuracy
Encoding takes the same amount of time regardless of the set size
Comparison takes place one after another
Decision making is a separate process from comparison
Negative search may take longer than positive search
Different; depending on where in the list it is located
The same; regardless of where in the list it is located
Different; depending on how it sounds
The same; as long as it is one of the first 3 items from the memory set
Dopamine is related to learning and motivation
Low level of dopamine in the basal ganglia is related to Parkinson’s disease
High level of dopamine is related to schizophrenia
Low level of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex is related to Alzheimer’s disease
Bird experts and car experts show high activation in the fusiform gyrus when they made judgments about birds or cars as well as faces
Recognizing parts of a face is context dependent but recognizing parts of a house is not
Activation in the fusiform gyrus is higher when we process faces than any other objects
Prosopagnosia
Faster than far objects in the opposite direction from the viewer
Faster than far objects and in the same direction as the viewer
Slower than far objects and in the opposite direction from the viewer
Slower than far objects and in the same direction as the viewer
Categories of speech sound are the same regardless of languages
Speech perception is distinctive (discrete) despite the continuous nature of auditory signal
Within-category discrimination is just as easy as between-category discrimination
Speech perception involves decision-making processes
Template theory
Feature-based theory
Prototype theory
Top-down theory
Prosopagnosia
Apperceptive agnosia
Global Agnosia
Associative Agnosia
People can hold both interpretations simultaneously at the same time
Once the first interpretation is extracted, people can never discover an alternative interpretation
People can extract either interpretation one after the other, but cannot hold both interpretations simultaneously
People can extract either interpretation, but remember only the second interpretation
Speech perception requires templates to recognize sounds
Speech recognition is primarily a feature analysis process
Speech production is a relatively simple and mechanical process
Speech recognition can only be understood at the level of elementary sounds
Consonantal feature
Coarticulation
Lace of articulation
Voicing
Similarity
Proximity
Good continuity
Closure
Texture gradient
Relative size
Motion parallax
Binocular disparity
Context is relatively more powerful than features in pattern recognition
Context and features have harmful effects on each other's influence in pattern recognition
Features drive much of the pattern recognition process and context is used only when necessary
Context and features contribute independently to determine pattern recognition