Sociology 101: Deviance And Social Control Quiz!

The given correct answer is "structural strain theory." This theory suggests that when individuals are unable to achieve culturally valued goals due to limited opportunities or resources, they may experience strain or pressure. This strain can lead to deviant behavior as individuals seek alternative means to achieve their goals. The concept of "falsely accused" does not align with the idea of strain theory, and "secret deviant" is not mentioned in the explanation. Therefore, the correct answer is "structural strain theory."

Deviance refers to actions or behaviors that go against social norms and standards. It includes behaviors that offend a significant number of people or those who have the power to influence social judgment. Deviance can range from minor infractions to serious offenses, and it is often subject to social control and punishment. Conformity, on the other hand, refers to the act of adhering to social norms, while social control refers to the mechanisms and processes used to regulate and enforce conformity. "Pure deviant" is not a recognized term in sociology.

Formal social control refers to the official and organized methods used by institutions, such as laws, rules, and regulations, to enforce society's norms and values. It involves the use of authority and sanctions to maintain order and conformity. This can include the legal system, government agencies, and formal education. These mechanisms are established and recognized by society as legitimate means of regulating behavior and ensuring social stability. Informal social control, on the other hand, refers to the unofficial and non-institutionalized methods used by individuals and groups to influence behavior through social norms, peer pressure, and informal sanctions.

The term "falsely accused" refers to people who are wrongly blamed or accused of breaking rules or committing a wrongdoing. They have not actually broken any rules, but they are treated as if they have. This can happen due to various reasons such as mistaken identity, false information, or bias. Being falsely accused can have serious consequences on a person's reputation, relationships, and overall well-being.

Cultural integration refers to the extent to which different parts of a culture fit well and support one another. It involves the blending of various cultural elements, values, and practices to create a cohesive and harmonious society. This concept emphasizes the importance of cultural unity and cooperation, as well as the integration of diverse cultural aspects to create a functioning and supportive cultural system.

Social control refers to the various mechanisms and processes used by society to regulate and manage behavior. It encompasses both formal and informal methods that aim to prevent or correct deviant behavior. Formal social control involves the use of laws, rules, and institutions such as the legal system and government agencies to enforce conformity. Informal social control, on the other hand, relies on social norms, values, and informal sanctions to guide behavior. Social control, as the correct answer, encompasses both formal and informal mechanisms employed to maintain social order and discourage deviant behavior.

A moral entrepreneur refers to individuals who actively work towards identifying and acknowledging offenses and ensuring that the offenders are appropriately dealt with. They take it upon themselves to enforce moral standards and promote social control. This term is often used in criminology and sociology to describe individuals who play a significant role in shaping and enforcing societal norms and values.

Conformity refers to the behavior and appearances that follow and maintain the standards of a group. It is the act of aligning one's actions and beliefs with the norms and expectations of a particular social group. Conforming to societal norms helps individuals fit in and be accepted by the group, and it is a way of ensuring social cohesion and order. It involves adhering to the established rules, values, and behaviors of the group, which helps maintain social stability and reduces deviance.

Informal social control refers to the subtle, unofficial pressures that society exerts on individuals to conform to its norms and values. Unlike formal social control, which is carried out by official institutions such as the legal system, informal social control operates through social interactions and relationships. It includes mechanisms such as peer pressure, social expectations, and socialization processes that encourage individuals to adhere to societal norms and discourage deviant behavior. Therefore, the correct answer is informal social control.

The correct answer is "labeling theory". Labeling theory suggests that deviance is not inherent in certain behaviors, but rather it is the result of society or a specific group within society defining certain behavior as deviant. This theory argues that individuals become labeled as deviant when their actions are labeled as such by others, leading to the creation of social stigma and further deviant behavior. This perspective emphasizes the social construction of deviance and the importance of societal reactions in shaping individuals' behavior.

Anomie theory refers to a condition of normlessness or loss of accepted social rules within a society. This theory, developed by Emile Durkheim, suggests that when individuals experience a breakdown in social norms and values, they may feel disconnected and disoriented, leading to deviant behavior. This theory emphasizes the importance of social integration and the role of societal factors in shaping individual behavior.

Neutralization refers to the process of rationalizing or making excuses for one's deviant behavior in order to relieve feelings of guilt and avoid disapproval from others. This involves justifying or minimizing the negative consequences of one's actions, thereby neutralizing the moral or social stigma associated with deviance. This explanation aligns with the given information about rationalizing deviance and turning aside from expressions of disapproval. Therefore, neutralization is the correct answer.

Differential association refers to the learning of deviant behavior through exposure to predominantly deviant values or situations that reward criminal behavior. This theory suggests that individuals are more likely to engage in deviant behavior if they are surrounded by others who engage in such behavior and if they perceive it as acceptable or justified. This explanation aligns with the given correct answer.

The term "secret deviant" refers to individuals who break rules or norms but manage to do so without being noticed or facing any consequences. These individuals may engage in deviant behavior behind closed doors or in a discreet manner, allowing them to avoid detection by others. The concept of secret deviance highlights the idea that not all rule-breaking behavior is immediately apparent or punished, and some individuals are able to maintain a facade of conformity while engaging in deviant actions.

The availability of illegitimate opportunities refers to the existence of options or pathways for individuals to engage in deviant behavior. This concept is often associated with the theory of differential association, which suggests that individuals are more likely to engage in deviance if they are exposed to and associate with others who engage in such behavior. In this context, deviance is seen as a response to the opportunities and resources available for individuals to deviate from societal norms and engage in illegal or socially disapproved activities.

Control theory suggests that deviance is most likely to occur when the bond between the individual and society is weak or non-existent. According to this theory, individuals are more likely to engage in deviant behavior when they lack strong social bonds, such as attachment to others, commitment to conventional goals, involvement in conventional activities, and belief in the moral validity of social rules. When these bonds are weak, individuals may feel less constrained by societal norms and more inclined to engage in deviant behavior. Thus, control theory explains why deviance is more likely to occur when the bond between the individual and society is weak.

A "pure deviant" refers to individuals who have broken the rules but their violation goes unnoticed or is not enforced by anyone. This means that they are deviating from the established norms or laws without facing any consequences or reactions from others.