Overla - Deviance And Social Control

The explanation for the given answer "True" is that statistics have consistently shown that African Americans and Latinos are treated more harshly by the criminal justice system compared to whites. These disparities can be observed in various aspects, such as higher arrest rates, longer sentences, and higher rates of incarceration for people of color. Numerous studies and data have highlighted these racial disparities, indicating systemic bias and discrimination within the criminal justice system.

Societies and groups often employ social sanctions as a means of maintaining social order and regulating behavior. These sanctions can take various forms, such as ostracism, shaming, or exclusion from certain social circles. By imposing these consequences, individuals are encouraged to conform to societal norms and expectations, thereby exerting social control. This helps to reinforce desired behaviors and discourage actions that are deemed deviant or harmful to the group.

Younger children learn behavior more quickly than adults because their brains are more flexible and receptive to new information. They have a higher capacity for learning and are more open to new experiences and ideas. Additionally, children are constantly observing and imitating the behavior of those around them, which allows them to quickly pick up on social cues and norms. In contrast, adults may have established patterns of behavior and may be more resistant to change or learning new behaviors.

Social control refers to the methods a society uses to promote order and stability. This includes various mechanisms and processes through which individuals are encouraged to conform to social norms and expectations. These methods can range from formal institutions such as laws and regulations to informal mechanisms like social norms and peer pressure. The goal of social control is to maintain social order, prevent deviant behavior, and ensure the smooth functioning of society as a whole.

Stigma is the correct answer because it refers to a trait or characteristic that is used to label someone in a negative way. Stigma often leads to social disapproval and discrimination against individuals who possess this trait or characteristic. It can be associated with various aspects such as mental illness, physical appearance, or certain behaviors, and it can have a significant impact on a person's self-esteem and social interactions.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that according to the Differential Association theory, individuals learn behavior through their interactions with significant others over a prolonged period of time. This theory suggests that people acquire attitudes, values, and behaviors from the people they associate with, particularly those who hold significant influence over them. These significant others can include family members, friends, peers, and other individuals who play a significant role in their lives. Therefore, the statement that "one learns behavior while engaged in extended interaction with significant others" aligns with the principles of the Differential Association theory, making the answer true.

This scenario demonstrates social stigma, which refers to the negative perception or judgment that society places on individuals or groups based on certain characteristics or behaviors. In this case, Bill's classmates avoid him because they associate him with his father's criminal activity, which creates a social stigma around him. The stigma arises from the assumption that Bill may also engage in similar behavior or that he is somehow tainted by his father's actions. This leads to social exclusion and isolation for Bill within his class.

Receiving a promotion at work for completing a project ahead of time is an example of a positive social sanction because it involves a reward or recognition for a desirable behavior. It demonstrates that the individual's hard work and efficiency are being acknowledged and valued by their employer, which can boost their morale and motivation. This positive social sanction encourages the individual to continue performing well and can also serve as an example for others in the workplace to strive for excellence.

This scenario exemplifies rehabilitation. Rehabilitation refers to the process of helping individuals who have committed crimes to reintegrate into society and lead law-abiding lives. In this case, the young high school dropout is given the opportunity to obtain his high school equivalency degree while in prison, which aims to improve his education and skills. This intervention is intended to increase his chances of finding a good job upon release, ultimately assisting in his rehabilitation and reducing the likelihood of future criminal behavior.

The police and the court system are both components of the criminal justice system. This system encompasses various institutions and processes that aim to maintain social order, prevent and deter crime, and administer justice. The police are responsible for enforcing laws, investigating crimes, and apprehending offenders, while the court system is responsible for adjudicating cases and determining guilt or innocence. Together, these entities work collaboratively to ensure public safety, uphold the rule of law, and provide fair and impartial justice to individuals involved in criminal activities.

The correct answer is retribution. Retribution refers to the act of punishing someone as a form of revenge or payback for their wrongdoing. In this scenario, the judge's decision to make the plumber pay for new fixtures can be seen as a form of retribution, as it is a way to make the plumber suffer the consequences of their actions and compensate the victims for their losses.

The given correct answer is Structural Strain theory. Structural Strain theory explains how individuals respond to strain through five different ways. This theory suggests that when individuals experience strain or stress due to societal pressures and expectations, they may respond in various ways such as innovation, ritualism, retreatism, rebellion, or conformity. These responses are influenced by the social structure and the opportunities available to individuals. Structural Strain theory emphasizes the role of social structures in shaping individuals' responses to strain, highlighting the importance of societal factors in understanding deviant behavior.

Social sanctions are frequently used to exert social control. Social sanctions refer to the penalties or rewards that individuals or groups receive based on their behavior, which can be either positive or negative. These sanctions can include various forms of punishment, such as social disapproval, exclusion, or even legal consequences. By imposing social sanctions, society regulates and influences the behavior of its members, reinforcing social norms and values.

Maria's behavior can be described as innovation. She found a creative solution to her problem of failing the class by obtaining test and homework answers from a friend. This shows her ability to think outside the box and come up with new ideas to achieve her goals.

Different societies have different norms and values, which determine what is considered deviant behavior. What may be considered deviant in one society may be completely acceptable or even normal in another society. Therefore, deviant behavior is relative and varies across different cultural and social contexts.

Recidivism occurs when a criminal is repeatedly imprisoned for the same type of crime. This term refers to the tendency of individuals to relapse into criminal behavior even after being incarcerated and supposedly rehabilitated. It suggests that the previous efforts of imprisonment and rehabilitation have not been successful in preventing the individual from committing further crimes. Recidivism is an important concept in criminal justice as it highlights the challenges in effectively rehabilitating and reintegrating offenders into society.

This behavior can be categorized as innovation because Chris is finding a new and unconventional way to obtain money by stealing goods from the warehouse and reselling them. He is thinking outside the box and coming up with a creative solution to fulfill his desire to appear successful.

Teenagers who engage in primary deviance are often not caught by authorities because primary deviance refers to the initial act of deviance that an individual engages in. It is typically minor and does not result in the individual being labeled as a deviant. Since primary deviance is often not detected or punished by authorities, teenagers engaging in such behavior may go unnoticed. However, if the deviant behavior continues and escalates, it may lead to secondary deviance, which is more serious and likely to be detected by authorities.

Recidivism refers to the act of reoffending or relapsing into criminal behavior after being released from jail or prison. In this case, the person in question was initially incarcerated for burglary, and after being released, they resumed their criminal activities, leading to their return to jail. This demonstrates a clear example of recidivism, as the individual repeated their criminal behavior despite having served time for the same offense.

Victim discounting is the most likely reason for the police in the lower class neighborhood not pursuing burglary investigations as vigorously as the police in the nearby affluent suburb. Victim discounting refers to the tendency to view crimes against individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds as less important or deserving of attention compared to crimes against individuals from higher socioeconomic backgrounds. This bias leads to a lack of resources and effort allocated to investigating crimes in lower class neighborhoods, resulting in less vigorous pursuit of burglary investigations.

The differential association theory would most strongly agree with the statement. This theory suggests that individuals learn deviant behavior through their interactions with others, particularly within close-knit groups. In this case, the theory would argue that if someone spends a lot of time with a group of teenagers who shoplift, they are more likely to learn and adopt the behavior themselves. The theory emphasizes the importance of socialization and the influence of peers in shaping an individual's behavior.

The correct answer is being incarcerated. This is because if a habitual drunk driver is sent to prison, it means they are being punished by being put in jail. This punishment is typically given to individuals who have committed serious crimes, such as repeatedly driving under the influence of alcohol, in order to protect society and prevent further harm.

Deviance is not easy to identify as it is subjective and varies across different cultures, societies, and contexts. What may be considered deviant behavior in one culture may be completely acceptable in another. Additionally, deviance can also be hidden or disguised, making it difficult to identify. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

Differential Association theory explains that deviance is relative, meaning that individuals learn deviant behavior through their interactions with others. According to this theory, people become deviant when their primary socialization involves exposure to deviant norms and values. This theory suggests that deviance is not inherent to individuals, but rather a result of their social environment and the influence of others. It emphasizes the role of socialization and the importance of social interactions in shaping an individual's behavior.

The behavior of retreatism best describes Stephan's actions. Retreatism refers to withdrawing from society or a particular situation due to a sense of hopelessness or lack of motivation. In this case, Stephan initially studied hard but received a low grade, leading him to give up and stop studying altogether during the second semester. This behavior aligns with retreatism as he retreated from his efforts and decided it was futile to continue trying.

Ritualism refers to a situation where an individual rejects a goal but continues to follow socially accepted means of achieving it. In other words, they may no longer have a strong desire to achieve the goal, but they still conform to the established norms and rules of society. This behavior can be seen as a form of ritualistic adherence to the accepted methods, despite lacking personal motivation or ambition.

Control theory suggests that social norms depend on the presence of strong social bonds between individuals and society. This theory argues that individuals are more likely to conform to societal norms when they have strong attachments to others, such as family and friends, when they have a belief in the legitimacy of societal rules, when they have involvement in conventional activities, and when they have a low propensity for deviant behavior. In other words, control theory posits that individuals are less likely to engage in deviant behavior when they have strong social bonds that discourage such behavior.

All of the behaviors mentioned in the options would be considered deviant in the United States. Driving while drunk is illegal and dangerous, shoplifting is a criminal offense, and talking to oneself and answering is generally seen as socially abnormal. Deviant behavior refers to actions that violate social norms and are disapproved by society.

According to Control theory, the level of attachment to the society is important in determining the strength of the bonds between a person and society. This theory suggests that individuals who feel connected and attached to their society are more likely to conform to societal norms and values. Therefore, the level of attachment to the society is important in maintaining social control and cohesion.