Sem1mini2 - Placental Development

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  • 1/13 Questions

    Which hormone is first produced by the syncytiotrophoblast cells of the early placenta to maintain the viability of the corpus luteum?

    • Progesterone
    • Relaxin
    • Human chorionic gonadotropin
    • Ectoderm
    • Adrenocorticotropin hormone
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About This Quiz

Sem1Mini2 - Placental Development quiz assesses understanding of embryological processes and placental development. It covers topics like ventral mesocardium formation, placental membrane layers, and implications of medical conditions during pregnancy. Essential for medical students, especially in obstetrics and embryology.

Embryology Quizzes & Trivia

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  • 2. 

    Most drugs taken during early pregnancy are transported across the placental barrier primarily by:

    • Phagocytosis

    • Simple diffusion

    • Facilitated diffusion

    • Active transport

    • Pinocytosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Simple diffusion
    Explanation
    During early pregnancy, most drugs are transported across the placental barrier primarily by simple diffusion. This is because simple diffusion is a passive process that allows molecules to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. The placental barrier is a selectively permeable membrane that allows small molecules, such as drugs, to pass through easily. Since simple diffusion does not require energy or specific carrier proteins, it is the most common method of drug transport across the placenta.

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  • 3. 

    Which one of the following substances crosses the placental barrier?

    • IgA

    • Hormones from the pituitary gland

    • Maternal cholesterol

    • IgG

    • Maternal phospholipids

    Correct Answer
    A. IgG
    Explanation
    IgG is the correct answer because it is the only immunoglobulin that can cross the placental barrier. This allows for passive immunity to be transferred from the mother to the fetus, providing protection against certain infections. IgA, hormones from the pituitary gland, maternal cholesterol, and maternal phospholipids do not cross the placental barrier.

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  • 4. 

    During Stage 3 of labor, the placenta separates at which layer from the uterus?

    • Spongy layer of the decidua basalis

    • At the chorionic plate

    • Between the chorion and the amnion

    • Between the smooth chorion (chorion leave) and the decidua parietalis

    • At the umbilical cord

    Correct Answer
    A. Spongy layer of the decidua basalis
    Explanation
    During Stage 3 of labor, the placenta separates at the spongy layer of the decidua basalis. This layer is located in the uterus and is responsible for anchoring the placenta to the uterine wall. As the placenta detaches, the spongy layer of the decidua basalis is shed, allowing the placenta to be expelled from the uterus. This separation is a natural part of the third stage of labor and is necessary for the completion of the birthing process.

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  • 5. 

    Which of the following substances DOES NOT cross the placental barrier?

    • Cortisol – a steroidal hormone

    • Triglycerides

    • Amino acids

    • Glucose

    • IgG

    Correct Answer
    A. Triglycerides
    Explanation
    Triglycerides are too large and insoluble in water to cross the placental barrier. The placental barrier allows for the exchange of certain substances between the mother and fetus, but it is selective in what it allows to pass through. Cortisol, amino acids, glucose, and IgG can all cross the placental barrier, but triglycerides cannot.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following structures gives rise to the umbilical arteries and vein?

    • The allantois

    • The yolk sac

    • Chorion

    • The chorion frondosum

    • Amnion

    Correct Answer
    A. The allantois
    Explanation
    The allantois is a structure that develops during embryogenesis and is responsible for the formation of the umbilical arteries and vein. It is an outpouching of the hindgut and is involved in the exchange of gases and waste products between the embryo and the mother. The umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta, while the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.

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  • 7. 

    During the final stages of fetal development (5 months to term) the placental barrier is composed of

    • Syncytiotrophoblast and endothelial of fetal capillaries

    • Cytotrophoblast and endothelial of fetal capillaries

    • Syncytiotrbphoblast, cytotrophoblast, mesenchyme and endothelial of fetal capillaries

    • Decidua basalis, syncytiotrophchlast and cytotrophoblast

    • Decidua parietalis and chorionic frondosum

    Correct Answer
    A. Syncytiotrophoblast and endothelial of fetal capillaries
    Explanation
    During the final stages of fetal development, the placental barrier is composed of syncytiotrophoblast and endothelial cells of fetal capillaries. The syncytiotrophoblast is responsible for nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and the fetus, while the endothelial cells of fetal capillaries help in the transport of oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus. This combination of syncytiotrophoblast and endothelial cells ensures proper exchange of substances and supports the growth and development of the fetus.

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following cell types is involved in the production of placental estrogen?

    • Decidua basalis

    • Cytotrophoblast cells

    • Yolk sac cells

    • Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm

    • Syncytiotrophoblast

    Correct Answer
    A. Syncytiotrophoblast
    Explanation
    Syncytiotrophoblast cells are involved in the production of placental estrogen. These cells are a specialized layer of cells that form the outermost layer of the placenta. They play a crucial role in hormone production during pregnancy, including the production of estrogen. Estrogen is important for maintaining pregnancy, promoting fetal development, and preparing the mother's body for childbirth. Therefore, the correct answer is Syncytiotrophoblast.

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  • 9. 

    Through which blood vessel does the most oxygenated blood flow to supply the fetus?

    • Umbilical artery

    • Pulmonary artery

    • Aorta

    • Femoral artery

    • Internal carotid artery

    Correct Answer
    A. Aorta
    Explanation
    The most oxygenated blood flows to supply the fetus through the aorta. The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body, including the placenta, where the exchange of oxygen and nutrients takes place between the mother and the fetus. From the placenta, the oxygenated blood is then transported to the fetus through the umbilical vein. Therefore, the aorta is the correct answer as it carries the oxygenated blood to nourish the developing fetus.

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  • 10. 

    Ectopia cordis or Pentalogy of Cantrell is a congenital malformation of the anterior body wall that includes a defect of the lower sternum, a deficient anterior diaphragm, and a heart that lies outside the chest. This condition is primarily a defect in what embryological process?

    • Formation of the intraembryonic coelom

    • Lateral folding

    • Formation of the intermediate mesoderm

    • Longitudinal folding

    • Formation of the head fold

    Correct Answer
    A. Lateral folding
    Explanation
    Lateral folding is the correct answer because ectopia cordis or Pentalogy of Cantrell is a congenital malformation of the anterior body wall, which is formed during the process of lateral folding in embryonic development. Lateral folding involves the folding of the embryo's sides towards the midline, resulting in the formation of the body wall and the closure of the ventral body wall. In the case of ectopia cordis, the failure of proper lateral folding leads to the heart being positioned outside the chest cavity.

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  • 11. 

    The absence of a ventral double-fold of coelomic membrane connecting the heart to the ventral body wall (a ventral mesocardium) is a result of

    • Degeneration of this mesentery

    • Formation of the pericardiopleural canals

    • Formation of the pleuroperitoneal canals

    • Absence of a ventral mesentery on the ventral body wall below the ligamentum teres

    • A bilateral connection of the early intraembryonic coelom rostral to the developing heart

    Correct Answer
    A. A bilateral connection of the early intraembryonic coelom rostral to the developing heart
    Explanation
    The absence of a ventral double-fold of coelomic membrane connecting the heart to the ventral body wall (a ventral mesocardium) is a result of a bilateral connection of the early intraembryonic coelom rostral to the developing heart.

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  • 12. 

    After the twentieth week of gestation, a thinned vasculosyncytial placental membrane is formed consisting of the following three layers:

    • Syncytiotrophoblast – cytotrophoblast – fetal capillary endothelium

    • Maternal capillary endothelium - syncytiotrophoblast – fetal capillary epithelium

    • Syncytiotrophoblast – connective tissue of the villus – fetal capillary endothelium

    • Connective tissue of the villus – syncytiotrophoblast - maternal capillary endothelium

    • Maternal capillary endothelium – syncytiotrophoblast – cytotrophoblas

    Correct Answer
    A. Syncytiotrophoblast – connective tissue of the villus – fetal capillary endothelium
    Explanation
    After the twentieth week of gestation, the placental membrane is thinned and consists of three layers: syncytiotrophoblast, connective tissue of the villus, and fetal capillary endothelium. This arrangement allows for efficient exchange of nutrients and waste products between the maternal and fetal circulations. The syncytiotrophoblast layer is responsible for nutrient transfer and hormone production, while the connective tissue of the villus provides structural support. The fetal capillary endothelium allows for the exchange of gases and other substances between the maternal and fetal blood.

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  • 13. 

    A 37-year-old women in the fourth month of pregnancy is diagnosed with aggressive ovarian cancer. Her physician advises immediate surgery to remove her ovaries. The woman wants to deliver her baby and has read on the internet that she will have an abortion if her ovaries are removed. She comes to your office for a second opinion. You recommend that

    • She postpone the surgery until after the birth of her child

    • She postpone the surgery until the third trimester of her pregnancy

    • She immediately have the surgery with post-operative progesterone supplements

    • She immediately have the surgery with estrogen supplements

    • She immediately have the surgery with no hormonal steroid supplements

    Correct Answer
    A. She immediately have the surgery with no hormonal steroid supplements

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Dec 07, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    BLACKMD
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