Mdge100 - A&p Of Conception, Embryology & Fetal Development - Part 1

Mitosis is the process of cell division resulting in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. It occurs in somatic cells, and the daughter cells are diploid with 46 chromosomes each. Mitosis is essential for growth, repair, and replacement of cells.

Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. This process is essential for sexual reproduction and genetic diversity.

Oogenesis specifically refers to the process of developing egg cells through meiosis, not sperm or other cell types.

Spermatogenesis is specifically the process of producing sperm cells through meiosis in males, not related to egg production, testosterone formation, or ejaculate production.

Oocytes and spermatozoa are gametes which have half the number of chromosomes (23) compared to normal body cells (46). This is known as haploid.

Down's syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. Monosomy X, Turner Syndrome, and Klinefelter Syndrome are other genetic disorders caused by abnormalities in sex chromosomes.

Infants with Down's syndrome often exhibit a specific set of physical features such as hypotonia, small mouth, ears, and chin, protruding tongue, and other characteristic traits. These features help in identifying the condition in newborns.

Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is typically associated with a specific set of health issues such as intellectual disability, delayed motor skills, stunted growth, and increased risk of cardiac, vision, hearing issues, sleep apnoea, and epilepsy. The incorrect answers do not align with the common health issues seen in trisomy 21.

Testosterone is primarily produced in the testes by Leydig cells and plays a crucial role in male sexual development and function.

Testosterone is a hormone primarily responsible for the development of male reproductive structures and secondary sexual characteristics. It plays a role in various physical and behavioral traits associated with masculinity, such as libido, development of body hair, deepening of the voice, increased muscle mass, and aggression. Testosterone also contributes to spermatogenesis, the production of sperm.

Spermatogenesis is the process through which spermatozoa are produced in the testes of males through meiosis. It is not related to the production of eggs in females, synthesis of hormones in the adrenal glands, or transportation of nutrients in the bloodstream.

Sperm production, also known as spermatogenesis, takes approximately 73 days from the initial germ cell to fully mature sperm. During this time, multiple stages of cell division and differentiation occur before the sperm is ready for fertilization.

Seminal fluid is a complex mixture containing various components like sperm, prostaglandins, seminal plasmin, clotting factors, and is relatively alkaline in nature.

Capacitation is a crucial step in the fertilization process where sperm undergo changes to become capable of fertilizing an egg. This process involves the removal of certain proteins from the sperm head, activating enzymes that are necessary for sperm penetration of the egg.

An empty uterus is typically compared in size to a pear due to its shape and dimensions. Comparing it to a watermelon, grape, or banana would not accurately represent the size of an empty uterus.

The ovary is responsible for producing hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone, which are essential for the reproductive system and regulating menstrual cycles.

Oogenesis is specifically related to the production of ova (egg cells) in female organisms. It is not the same as sperm production or other cellular processes.

Ova are primary female sex cells that are formed during fetal development, specifically by 6 months in-utero.

The correct answer highlights the significant decrease in oocyte numbers from birth to puberty. At birth, a female typically has around 2 million oocytes, which decreases to approximately 200,000 by the time she reaches puberty.

During a woman's reproductive life, around 400 ova are typically released through the process of ovulation. This number varies for each individual but 400 is a rough average.