Pvhs American/US History 1 Mid-term

The first true slave society in history emerged in ancient Greece between the 4th and 6th centuries. During this time, slavery became an integral part of Greek society, with slaves being used for various purposes such as labor, domestic work, and even as concubines. Slavery played a significant role in the economic and social structure of ancient Greece, with slaves being seen as property and lacking any rights or freedoms. The emergence of a slave society in ancient Greece marked a significant shift in the history of human civilization.

In 1850, half a million slaves lived in southern towns and cities, working in various industries such as textile mills, iron works, tobacco factories, laundries, and shipyards. This suggests that by 1850, there was a significant concentration of enslaved individuals in urban areas, contributing to the industrial economy of the South.

During the War of 1812, the American army had fewer than 7,000 soldiers, which was a small number compared to the British army. Additionally, the American army had a shortage of trained officers and only had 6 warships in their navy. In contrast, Britain had a much larger navy with nearly 400 warships. This significant difference in military strength and resources between the two sides put the American army at a disadvantage during the war.

In 1804, the nine states north of Delaware had freed slaves. This suggests that sometime between 1750 and 1804, these states implemented laws or took actions to abolish slavery within their borders. The answer of 1804 indicates that this was the year when the process of emancipation was completed in these states.

During the War of 1812, the British fleet and a battle-tested army of 10,000 men launched an attack on New Orleans on January 8, 1815. This event marked a significant moment in the war as it was the final major battle and resulted in a decisive American victory. The large number of troops involved demonstrates the British's determination to capture the strategic city and highlights the importance of the conflict in the overall context of the war.

In 1739, slaves in South Carolina revolted by seizing arms, killing white people, and setting houses on fire. This uprising, known as the Stono Rebellion, was one of the largest slave revolts in colonial America. The revolt was sparked by a desire for freedom and a response to the harsh conditions of slavery. The slaves involved in the rebellion hoped to escape to Spanish Florida, where they believed they would find freedom. The rebellion was eventually suppressed, but it had a significant impact on the slaveholding society of the time and led to stricter slave codes and regulations.

The Great Awakening was a religious revival movement that took place in the 18th century in New England. It was a reaction against the growing formality and decline of religious fervor in the Congregational Churches of the region. The movement sought to rekindle the passion and enthusiasm for religion, emphasizing the importance of a personal relationship with God and the need for spiritual awakening. The Great Awakening had a significant impact on religious and social life in New England, leading to the establishment of new religious denominations and a renewed sense of religious fervor among the population.

European powers eventually turned to African labor because Africans had extensive experience in intensive agriculture and raising livestock. This made them valuable assets for European powers seeking to exploit the resources and establish agricultural economies in Africa. The Africans' knowledge and skills in these areas made them well-suited for the labor-intensive tasks required for agricultural production and development. Therefore, the statement that European powers eventually turned to African labor due to their experience in intensive agriculture and raising livestock is true.

The 24th Amendment, ratified in 1964, prohibited a poll tax in federal elections. This amendment was crucial in ensuring that all citizens had equal access to voting rights, regardless of their socioeconomic status. The poll tax was a discriminatory practice that disproportionately affected low-income individuals and communities of color, as they often struggled to afford the tax. By eliminating this barrier, the 24th Amendment helped to protect the democratic principles of equality and fairness in the electoral process.

Colonial cities functioned primarily as mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods. This means that these cities played a crucial role in trade and commerce during the colonial period. They served as hubs where agricultural products from the surrounding areas were collected and then distributed to other regions. Additionally, these cities also facilitated the importation and distribution of manufactured goods from other countries. This emphasis on trade and commerce made them important economic centers in the colonial era.

The correct answer is "people have the right to abolish governments destructive of their rights." This answer aligns with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Independence, which states that individuals have the right to alter or abolish a government that infringes upon their rights and fails to protect their interests. This idea reflects the concept of popular sovereignty, where the power ultimately resides with the people. The Declaration of Independence emphasized the importance of protecting individual rights and the ability of the people to take action if those rights were being violated.

Slavery in the United States was indeed a horrific and dehumanizing institution, but it would be inaccurate to say that it treated human beings like animals. While slaves were subjected to extreme exploitation, abuse, and dehumanization, they were still recognized legally as human beings and not considered animals. The institution of slavery in the United States was based on the notion of racial superiority and the ownership of individuals as property, which is a distinct and uniquely human form of oppression.

In 1753, Virginia's Governor Robert Dinwiddie, who was also an investor in the Ohio Company, sent George Washington, a 21-year old major in the Virginia militia, to Pennsylvania. Washington's mission was to demand a French withdrawal from the forts in the Ohio River Valley. This event marked one of the early conflicts between the French and British in North America, known as the French and Indian War.

On the morning of August 14, 1765, a Boston crowd hanged an effigy of the city's stamp collector, Andrew Oliver, from a tree to protest the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act required Americans to purchase special stamped paper for newspapers and many legal forms. This act was highly unpopular among the colonists as it was seen as a form of taxation without representation. The hanging of the effigy was a symbolic act of defiance against the British government and their imposition of the Stamp Act.

The correct answer is 1926 because the given description of slavery aligns with the definition provided in the 1926 Slavery Convention. This convention clearly defines slavery as the exercise of ownership powers over a person, where the individual cannot leave their owner or employer without permission and will be returned if they escape. Therefore, the 1926 Slavery Convention is the most relevant and appropriate answer based on the given information.

During the 1400s, Europeans exploited African labor on slave plantations built on sugar producing islands off the coast of West Africa. This was a time period before Columbus's "discovery" of the New World, when European powers were expanding their influence and seeking new resources. The demand for sugar was growing in Europe, and African slaves were forcibly brought to work on the plantations, leading to the establishment of the transatlantic slave trade.

Slaves suffered extremely high mortality, with half of all slave infants dying during their first year of life. This high mortality rate can be attributed to various factors such as poor living conditions, malnutrition, lack of access to medical care, and harsh treatment by slave owners. The physical and emotional stress endured by slaves, along with the lack of proper healthcare and nutrition, contributed to the alarming death rate among their infants within the first year.

Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts Bay because of his belief that the King of England had no right to give away land belonging to the Indians. This belief challenged the authority and power of the King, as well as the colonial government's policies regarding land ownership and colonization. Williams' stance on this issue was seen as a threat to the established order and therefore led to his banishment from the colony.

The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 was a significant event in American history where the United States purchased the Louisiana territory from France for $15,000,000. This acquisition doubled the size of the United States and expanded its boundaries. Additionally, the purchase was a major accomplishment for President Jefferson, who successfully negotiated the treaty. However, the purchase did not result in French power expanding in the Western Hemisphere, as it was actually France selling the territory to the United States.

In premodern societies, slaves did not hold the lowest status. In fact, they were considered property and had no legal rights or social standing. The lowest status was usually held by those who were considered outcasts or untouchables, such as the Dalits in the Indian caste system. Therefore, the statement that slaves held the lowest status in premodern societies is false.

Pseudo-scientific racism, which provided the basic justification for slavery, did not emerge until the late 18th century. This suggests that prior to this time, there may have been other justifications or beliefs that supported the institution of slavery.

In 1833, Britain emancipated 780,000 slaves, paying 20 million pounds sterling compensation to their owners. This means that the British government set free a total of 780,000 individuals who were previously enslaved. As a form of compensation to the slave owners, they were given a sum of 20 million pounds sterling. This action was part of the efforts to abolish slavery in Britain and its colonies.

After suffering 506 casualties in Guilford Courthouse in central North Carolina in March 1781, Cornwall's army retreated into Virginia.

In many ancient societies, slavery was often seen as a result of unfortunate circumstances or bad luck. People who were enslaved were often captured in wars or raids, or they may have been born into slavery due to their parents' status. This belief suggests that individuals did not necessarily deserve to be enslaved, but rather it was a result of unfortunate events or accidents. Therefore, the statement that many ancient societies considered slavery a matter of bad luck or accident is true.

The slave codes of the English colonies in North America established various rules to control and oppress slaves. These rules included making slavery a permanent condition, severely limiting the rights of slaves, and ensuring that the children of slaves would also be enslaved. However, one rule that was not established by the slave codes was allowing a slave with some white ancestry to apply for freedom. This means that even if a slave had some white ancestry, they were still not granted the opportunity to seek freedom.

The correct answer is 90. Epidemic diseases introduced by European fishermen and fur traders had a devastating impact on the population of New England's coastal Indians. By the early 1620s, the population had been reduced by 90 percent. This drastic decline in population highlights the catastrophic consequences of the diseases brought by the Europeans, which had a significant and lasting impact on the indigenous communities in the region.

Clientage is a system in which slaves owe a share of their crop or their labor to an owner or a lineage. This means that the slaves are bound to provide a portion of their agricultural produce or their work to their owner or the lineage they belong to. This system was prevalent in certain societies where slaves were considered as property and were obligated to fulfill certain obligations towards their owners.

The correct answer is the electoral college. According to the Constitution, the President is not directly chosen by the people through popular vote, nor is the President chosen by the House of Representatives, the Senate, or both Houses of Congress. Instead, the President is elected by the electoral college, which is made up of electors from each state. These electors are chosen by the people in each state and they cast their votes for the President based on the popular vote in their respective states. The candidate who receives the majority of electoral votes becomes the President.

The correct answer is "not clearly defined." This means that the Constitution did not clearly outline the status of the western Indian tribes. The lack of clarity suggests that there was ambiguity and uncertainty regarding the legal and political standing of these tribes under the Constitution. This could have led to various interpretations and disputes regarding their rights and treatment.

In the War of 1812, British warships started a 25-hour bombardment of Fort McHenry on September 13, 1814. This event took place during the final year of the war, as the conflict lasted from 1812 to 1815. The bombardment of Fort McHenry is significant because it inspired Francis Scott Key to write "The Star-Spangled Banner," which later became the national anthem of the United States.

The Articles of Confederation government had several weaknesses, including the lack of power to levy taxes, regulate commerce, compel states to abide by international treaties, and a weak executive. However, it did have the power to borrow money. This weakness was addressed in the Constitution, which gave the federal government the power to borrow money and manage the country's finances.

Roger Williams is best known in American history as an early champion of religious freedom. He was a Puritan minister who believed in the separation of church and state and advocated for the rights of individuals to practice their own religion freely. Williams founded the colony of Rhode Island, which became a haven for religious minorities and a model for religious tolerance in the early American colonies. His ideas and advocacy for religious freedom had a significant impact on the development of religious liberty in America.

During the late 17th century, the West Indies was a major market for New England goods. The West Indies, consisting of islands in the Caribbean, had a strong demand for goods such as lumber, fish, livestock, and agricultural products. New England merchants capitalized on this demand by exporting these goods to the West Indies in exchange for sugar, molasses, and other valuable commodities. This trade relationship between New England and the West Indies was known as the triangular trade, which played a significant role in the economic development of both regions during this time period.

The Proclamation of 1763 was issued by the British government after the French and Indian War. It aimed to prevent conflicts between Native Americans and colonists by prohibiting settlers from crossing the Appalachian Mountains and settling in the western territories. This was done to maintain peace and avoid further hostilities with Native American tribes. The proclamation also aimed to assert British control over the colonies and prevent them from expanding beyond the designated boundaries.

The Stamp Act Congress was significant because it marked an important step toward the unity of the colonies. This congress, held in 1765, was the first gathering of representatives from different colonies to discuss and protest against the Stamp Act imposed by the British Parliament. The delegates from nine colonies came together to voice their opposition to the act and to assert their rights as British subjects. This event laid the foundation for future colonial unity and cooperation, leading to further congresses and ultimately the formation of the Continental Congresses during the American Revolution.

The correct answer is raise money to reduce England's national debt. The Stamp Act was passed by England in 1765 as a means to generate revenue in order to alleviate the country's financial burden. The act imposed taxes on various paper goods and legal documents in the American colonies. This move was seen as a way for England to recoup some of the costs incurred during the French and Indian War. The Stamp Act ultimately sparked widespread opposition and protests among the American colonists, leading to increased tensions between the colonies and England.

The French and Indian War, also known as the Seven Years' War, resulted in several significant outcomes. France lost Canada to Great Britain, which is stated in the question. Great Britain also incurred high war costs and saw a need to tighten its administrative system. Additionally, Great Britain made a decision to reinvigorate the mercantile system. However, it did not gain Louisiana as a result of the war.

The War of 1812 could be considered the Second War for American Independence because it was fought between the United States and Britain, just like the Revolutionary War. The war was sparked by issues such as British impressment of American sailors and trade restrictions, and the United States sought to assert its independence and defend its rights. Although the war did not result in significant territorial changes or clear victory for either side, it did solidify American nationalism and establish the United States as a respected nation on the global stage.

The correct answer is to convince potential foreign allies of American determination to gain independence. The Declaration of Independence was not primarily written for the American populace, as they had already made up their minds about independence. It was not written to protect captured American soldiers, as that was not a primary concern at the time. While rallying all the states behind a common cause was a goal, it was not the main purpose of the Declaration. The main purpose was to gain support and recognition from other countries, to show them that America was serious about wanting independence.

The first amendment to the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, were added to protect individual citizens from the power of the federal governments. This is because the Bill of Rights outlines the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the right to a fair trial. These rights serve as a check on the power of the federal governments, ensuring that they do not infringe upon the individual liberties of citizens.

In 1633, the population of Massachusetts had fallen from 20,000 to just 750.

The correct answer is "they saw how the North silenced those with pro-slavery opinions while they remained tolerant of opposition." This statement suggests that southerners did not defend slavery because they believed that the North silenced pro-slavery opinions while remaining tolerant of opposition. In reality, southerners defended slavery for reasons such as the profitability of the cotton economy, the belief that slaves were better off than northern factory workers, and the pushback against abolitionist attacks.

The U.S. Constitution includes provisions on powers reserved to the states, state militia, definition of treason, and enumerated powers of Congress. However, it does not specifically address the size of the cabinet. The cabinet is a group of advisors appointed by the President, and while its existence and functions are mentioned in the Constitution, the size of the cabinet is determined by the President and can vary over time.

The question asks about the increase in British debt during the Seven Years' War. The correct answer is 137 million pounds. This means that the British debt had increased by 62 million pounds during the war (from 75 million to 137 million). The significant increase in debt highlights the financial strain that the war placed on the British government.

The Great Awakening, inter-colonial trade, and American attitudes toward English culture and constitutional theory all played a role in fostering a sense of shared American identity. The Great Awakening, a religious revival movement, brought people together across different colonies and helped to create a common sense of purpose and community. Inter-colonial trade allowed for increased interaction and communication between the colonies, leading to a greater sense of unity. American attitudes toward English culture and constitutional theory also contributed to a shared identity as colonists began to develop their own distinct ideas and values separate from England. Overall, these factors helped to shape a growing sense of shared American identity.

The question asks for the tactic that the abolitionists did not use before the Civil War. The abolitionists used moral persuasion on slaveholders, provided assistance to escaped slaves, and lobbied state legislatures for "personal liberty" laws. However, they did not ask Congress for laws outlawing slavery in the states. This indicates that the abolitionists did not rely on the federal government to abolish slavery, but instead focused on individual and state-level actions.

The causes of the War of 1812 included demands for respect of America's neutral rights, land hunger in the West and a desire for Florida, and fear that Indian attacks were caused by the British. However, the answer option "strong sectional rivalries that could only be overcome by an external enemy" is incorrect because it is not a cause of the war. The war was primarily driven by the issues mentioned in the other answer options, rather than sectional rivalries.

The Articles of Confederation established a weak central government, with most powers residing in the individual states. Those who feared a strong central government would likely approve of the Articles of Confederation because it limited the power of the national government and protected the authority of the states. This group may have been concerned about the potential for a centralized government to infringe upon individual liberties and states' rights.