Public Speaking Test 4

The conclusion of a speech should serve to reinforce the central idea because it allows the speaker to summarize and emphasize the main points that were discussed throughout the speech. By reinforcing the central idea, the speaker helps to ensure that the audience understands and remembers the key message of the speech. Additionally, the conclusion is an opportunity for the speaker to leave a lasting impression on the audience and make a final persuasive appeal.

Persuasion is a communication technique aimed at influencing someone's beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors. While the other options (convince, stimulate, actuate) are all goals of persuasion, admonish does not align with the typical aim of persuasion. Admonishing involves reprimanding or scolding someone for their actions, which is different from persuading them to change their beliefs or behaviors. Therefore, admonish is not a typical aim of persuasion.

A map would be the clearest and most effective visual aid to demonstrate how General Custer was outsmarted and outmaneuvered at the battle of the Little Bighorn. A map can clearly show the geographical layout of the battlefield, the positions of the different forces, and the movements and strategies employed by both sides. It can provide a visual representation of how Custer's forces were surrounded and overwhelmed by the Native American tribes, highlighting the tactical advantage they had. A map can also help the audience understand the significance of the terrain and how it influenced the outcome of the battle.

The correct answer is "Rhetorical." Rhetorical approach to public speaking emphasizes the imitation of models. This means that speakers using this approach often study and imitate the techniques and styles of successful public speakers in order to improve their own speaking skills. By observing and learning from established models, speakers can develop effective strategies for engaging and persuading their audience.

The excerpt demonstrates parallelism because it uses parallel structure to emphasize the importance of human rights and justice. The phrases "the denial of human rights anywhere" and "injustice anywhere" are parallel in structure and convey the same idea, highlighting the interconnectedness of human rights and justice. Parallelism is a rhetorical device that adds emphasis and clarity to a statement by using similar grammatical structures.

An open-ended question allows for a wide range of possible responses and encourages the person to provide their own thoughts and opinions. In this question, "How would you react if you learned a close friend had become infected with the AIDS virus?", there is no specific answer or limit to the possible reactions. Different individuals may have different emotional, practical, or supportive responses to such news, making it an example of an open-ended question.

Metaphor is the term for an implicit comparison between things that are essentially different, yet have something in common. Unlike simile, where a comparison is made using "like" or "as," a metaphor directly states that one thing is another. Metaphors are commonly used in literature and poetry to create vivid imagery and convey complex ideas in a concise and impactful way.

Distribution and consumption patterns are not typically used as tests to gauge an information source's reliability. Consistency refers to the information source being consistent in its claims and not contradicting itself. Expertise refers to the source having the necessary knowledge and qualifications in the subject matter. Record of objectivity refers to the source being unbiased and presenting information without personal bias. However, distribution and consumption patterns do not directly assess the reliability of the information source.

This is an example of deductive reasoning because the speaker is using a general principle (people who study harder usually get better grades) to draw a specific conclusion (you should study harder in order to get better grades).

Derived credibility refers to the credibility that a speaker gains or loses during the actual delivery of a speech based on what they say and do. It is not something that is inherent or predetermined, but rather something that is earned through the speaker's actions and words. This term suggests that credibility is not fixed, but can be influenced and shaped by the speaker's performance during the speech.

The central idea of a speech is the main point or theme that the speaker wants to convey to the audience. In this case, the statement "At the end of the twentieth century, the small native of Gibraltar is struggling for its economic survival" would best serve as a central idea because it presents a specific topic (the economic struggles of Gibraltar) and sets the stage for the speaker to discuss the challenges and potential solutions related to this issue. It provides a clear focus for the speech and allows the audience to understand the main point the speaker wants to make.

This question is asking for a method of applying the subject of a speech that is not common. The first three options - appealing for future action, dedication to policy, and eliciting an emotional response - are all common methods that speakers use to engage their audience and convey their message effectively. However, abridgement is not a common method of applying the subject of a speech. Abridgement refers to the act of shortening or condensing something, which is not typically done when delivering a speech.

Description is the correct answer because it refers to the process of providing detailed information about something, including its appearance, sound, smell, taste, and texture. This process appeals to the senses and helps the reader or listener form a clear mental image of the subject being described. Narration, exposition, and explanation are different types of writing or communication that serve different purposes and do not necessarily focus on appealing to the senses.

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A personal interview can be most effective in each of the given circumstances except when a broad range of information is needed. In a personal interview, the speaker can gather detailed and specific information from the interviewee, which is beneficial when the speaker requires up-to-the-minute information or when they have access to a person with specialized knowledge. Additionally, a personal interview can add interest and force to a speech when a particular person's viewpoint is included. However, if a broad range of information is needed, it may be more appropriate to gather information from multiple sources or research materials rather than relying solely on a personal interview.

The question asks for an exception among the given options. The proper breathing for speech can be described as controlled, frequent, and deep, but not syncopated. Syncopated breathing refers to irregular or offbeat patterns, which is not ideal for speech. Therefore, syncopated is the correct answer as it does not describe proper breathing for speech.

The speaker should arrange the main points of his speech in spatial order because the topic is about the interior design of ancient Inca sacrificial tombs. By organizing the main points spatially, the speaker can describe the layout, structure, and design elements of the tombs in a logical and coherent manner, allowing the audience to visualize and understand the spatial aspects of the topic.

Angled rows facing forward and inward would work best for a speaker when the audience group has more than 40 members. This seating arrangement allows for better visibility and engagement with the speaker, as the audience is positioned in a way that they can easily see and hear the speaker. It also creates a more intimate and interactive environment, as the audience is facing both the speaker and each other, facilitating better communication and interaction among the members.

A sentence with one or more subordinate clauses would typically be most difficult for a listener to understand because subordinate clauses often provide additional information or details that can make the sentence more complex and harder to follow. The listener would need to pay close attention to the main clause and the subordinate clauses, and understand how they are connected in order to fully comprehend the meaning of the sentence.

The correct answer is Glottopharynx. The glottopharynx is not a type of resonator found in the pharyngeal cavity. The pharyngeal cavity consists of three types of resonators: laryngopharynx, oropharynx, and nasopharynx. The glottopharynx is not a recognized anatomical term and does not refer to a resonator in the pharyngeal cavity.

Onomatopoeia is not a device that can be used to create or alter the rhythm in a speech. Onomatopoeia refers to the use of words that imitate or suggest the sound they represent, such as "buzz" or "hiss." While onomatopoeia can add sensory appeal to a speech by creating vivid auditory imagery, it does not directly affect the rhythm or flow of the speech. The other options, alliteration, parallelism, and antithesis, are all devices that can be used to create or alter the rhythm in a speech.

Proxemics refers to the study of how individuals use personal and public space to communicate nonverbally. It involves the manipulation of physical distance between people during interactions. This can include the use of intimate space for close relationships or the use of personal space for casual or professional interactions. Proxemics plays a crucial role in understanding cultural differences in communication and can convey various messages and meanings without the use of words.

The person has arranged her main points topically. This means that she has organized her speech based on different topics or themes related to the information revolution. Each main point addresses a different aspect of the revolution, such as its impact on education, work, and leisure time. The points are not arranged chronologically, causally, or spatially, as they do not follow a specific order of time, cause and effect, or physical arrangement.

The consonant sounds "l," "j," "r," and "w" are all classified as glides. Glides are sounds that involve a smooth transition from one sound to another, and these consonants fit that description. Therefore, the correct answer is "l" because it is not classified as a glide.

Enunciation refers to the clear and distinct pronunciation of words and sounds in speech. It involves the proper articulation, pronunciation, and projection of words, making them easily understandable to the listener. While articulation and pronunciation are related to enunciation, they focus more on the specific sounds and phonetics, whereas enunciation encompasses overall clarity and precision in delivering speech. Phonation, on the other hand, refers to the production of vocal sounds. Therefore, enunciation is the most appropriate term to express the clarity of a speaker's utterance.