Trivia Quiz: Can You Pass This Toughest Psychopathology Test?

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1/117 Questions

An altruistic suicide is committed by people who believe that taking their own life will benefit society in some way.
- True
- False

About This Quiz

Can you pass this toughest Psychopathology test? It is designed to see how much you know about the causes of psychiatric and psychosomatic conditions, the different types in existence and what a patient is prescribed to take under the circumstances. Give it a try, and if you fail, to go back to your notes and refresh your memory. Good luck!

Trivia Quiz: Can You Pass This Toughest Psychopathology Test? - Quiz

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2.

Classical conditioning can be used to understand how some phobias develop.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Classical conditioning is a psychological concept that explains how certain behaviors and responses can be learned through associations. Phobias, which are intense and irrational fears, can also be developed through classical conditioning. For example, if someone has a traumatic experience with a spider, they may associate spiders with fear and develop a phobia. This shows that classical conditioning can be used to understand the development of phobias. Therefore, the statement "Classical conditioning can be used to understand how some phobias develop" is true.

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3.

According to our class discussion, psychopaths often wear a “mask of sanity.”
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Psychopaths often wear a "mask of sanity" means that they hide their true nature and intentions behind a facade of normalcy. This implies that they are skilled at presenting themselves as mentally stable and socially acceptable individuals, while internally they may lack empathy, have a disregard for others' feelings, and engage in manipulative or harmful behavior. This concept was likely discussed in the class to highlight the deceptive nature of psychopaths and the challenges in identifying them. Therefore, the correct answer is True.

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4.

In humanistic therapy, the therapist’s goal is to help clients discover their greatest potential through self-exploration.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

In humanistic therapy, the therapist aims to assist clients in uncovering their full potential by encouraging self-exploration. This approach emphasizes personal growth, self-awareness, and self-acceptance. The therapist provides a supportive and non-judgmental environment where clients can gain insight into their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. By facilitating self-discovery, humanistic therapy helps individuals develop a deeper understanding of themselves and their capabilities, ultimately leading to personal growth and fulfillment. Therefore, the statement "True" accurately reflects the goals of humanistic therapy.

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5.

The _______ approach is based on the assumption that humans have an innate capacity for goodness and for living a full life.
- Behaviorist
- Psychoanalytic
- Family systems
- Humanistic
Correct Answer

A. Humanistic

Explanation

The humanistic approach is based on the assumption that humans have an innate capacity for goodness and for living a full life. This approach focuses on the individual's potential for growth, self-actualization, and personal fulfillment. It emphasizes the importance of self-awareness, self-acceptance, and personal choice in shaping one's behavior and experiences. This approach believes in the inherent value and worth of every individual and seeks to promote their well-being and personal development.

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6.

For the past 4 years, Bridget, age 23, has experienced an episode of major depression during November through February. She complains that it’s like clockwork—she’ll be fine during March through October but every November, she feels an episode coming on. Bridget has depression with
- A) atypical features.
- B) melancholic features.
- C) seasonal pattern.
- D) adult onset.
Correct Answer

A. C) seasonal pattern.

Explanation

The correct answer is C) seasonal pattern. This is because Bridget experiences a recurring episode of major depression during the same months each year, specifically November through February. This pattern suggests that her depression is influenced by the changing seasons, which is characteristic of seasonal pattern depression. This type of depression is often referred to as seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and is commonly associated with the winter months.

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7.

Neuropsychological tests are used to detect specific cognitive impairments that are common in disorders like dementia.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Neuropsychological tests are indeed used to detect specific cognitive impairments that are commonly found in disorders like dementia. These tests assess various cognitive functions such as memory, attention, language, and problem-solving abilities. By evaluating an individual's performance on these tests, healthcare professionals can identify any cognitive deficits or impairments that may be indicative of dementia or other related disorders. Therefore, the statement "Neuropsychological tests are used to detect specific cognitive impairments that are common in disorders like dementia" is true.

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8.

Based on the extreme changes in appearance and reported obsession with his nose and skin color, Michael Jackson likely suffered from
- A) depersonalization disorder.
- B) body dysmorphic disorder.
- C) atypical depression.
Correct Answer

A. B) body dysmorphic disorder.

Explanation

Based on the extreme changes in appearance and reported obsession with his nose and skin color, it can be inferred that Michael Jackson likely suffered from body dysmorphic disorder. This disorder is characterized by a preoccupation with perceived flaws in physical appearance, leading to repetitive behaviors or mental acts in response to these concerns. Jackson's multiple plastic surgeries and his desire to alter his skin color suggest a distorted body image and dissatisfaction with his appearance, which aligns with the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder.

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9.

Research on treatments for ADHD indicates that ____________ works best.
- A) medication alone
- B) a combination of stimulant medication and psychotherapy
- C) placebo treatment
- D) behavioral therapy alone
Correct Answer

A. B) a combination of stimulant medication and psychotherapy

Explanation

Research on treatments for ADHD indicates that a combination of stimulant medication and psychotherapy works best. This is because stimulant medication helps to improve attention and reduce hyperactivity, while psychotherapy helps individuals with ADHD develop coping strategies, improve social skills, and manage their symptoms more effectively. The combination of these two approaches addresses both the biological and psychological aspects of ADHD, leading to better outcomes for individuals with the disorder.

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10.

Individuals with somatoform disorders experience significant physical symptoms for which there is no apparent organic cause.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Individuals with somatoform disorders experience physical symptoms that cannot be explained by any underlying medical condition. These symptoms are real and cause distress or impairment in daily functioning. While there may not be any organic cause for these symptoms, they are not intentionally produced or feigned. This is why the statement "Individuals with somatoform disorders experience significant physical symptoms for which there is no apparent organic cause" is true.

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11.

Patty believes that her nose is too big, and that others notice the disfigurement of her nose. Her anxiety has perpetuated to the point that she refuses to leave her house. Patty is most likely exhibiting symptoms of _____ disorder.
- Generalized anxiety
- Factitious
- Malingering
- Body dysmorphic
Correct Answer

A. Body dysmorphic

Explanation

Patty's belief that her nose is too big and that others notice it suggests that she may be experiencing body dysmorphic disorder. This disorder is characterized by an excessive preoccupation with perceived flaws in one's appearance, often leading to significant distress and impairment in daily functioning. Patty's refusal to leave her house due to anxiety further supports the idea that her symptoms align with body dysmorphic disorder.

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12.

Individuals with an ego disturbance look to other people for acceptance and often avoid situations where failure or disapproval may occur.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Individuals with an ego disturbance tend to have low self-esteem and rely heavily on the approval and acceptance of others. They fear failure or disapproval, so they often avoid situations that could potentially lead to these outcomes. This behavior is driven by their need to maintain a positive self-image and avoid any negative evaluation from others. Therefore, the statement that individuals with an ego disturbance look to other people for acceptance and avoid situations where failure or disapproval may occur is true.

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1
13.

In some parts of the world, corporal punishment is a traditional child rearing practice, while in other places, the practice is frowned upon. This is an example of which of the following criteria for abnormality?
- A. Mental illness
- B. Dysfunction
- C. Distress
- D. Cultural relativism
Correct Answer

A. D. Cultural relativism

Explanation

This question is asking about a criteria for abnormality. The fact that corporal punishment is considered a traditional child rearing practice in some parts of the world, while it is frowned upon in other places, suggests that the perception of what is considered abnormal or acceptable behavior varies across different cultures. This aligns with the concept of cultural relativism, which states that behavior should be evaluated within the context of the culture in which it occurs. Therefore, the correct answer is d. Cultural relativism.

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14.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a compulsion?
- A) hand washing
- B) checking the stove
- C) refraining from stepping on cracks
- D) feeling like someone is watching you
Correct Answer

A. D) feeling like someone is watching you

Explanation

The feeling of someone watching you is not an example of a compulsion because it does not involve a repetitive behavior or action that is performed in response to an obsessive thought or to prevent a feared consequence. Compulsions are typically repetitive behaviors or mental acts that are performed to reduce anxiety or prevent a feared event from happening. In contrast, the feeling of someone watching you is a subjective experience and does not involve any specific action or behavior.

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15.

Biochemicals that carry impulses from one neuron to another in the brain and in other parts of the nervous system are called _____.
- Hormones
- Neurotransmitters
- Electrical transmissions
- Synaptic responses
Correct Answer

A. Neurotransmitters

Explanation

Neurotransmitters are biochemicals that transmit impulses from one neuron to another in the brain and other parts of the nervous system. They play a crucial role in the communication between neurons, allowing for the transmission of signals and the coordination of various functions in the body. Hormones, on the other hand, are chemical messengers that are produced by glands and travel through the bloodstream to target specific cells or organs. Electrical transmissions refer to the movement of electrical signals within neurons, while synaptic responses describe the overall response of a neuron to neurotransmitters at the synapse.

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16.

Individuals with ______ personality disorder have grandiose thoughts and feelings of one’s own worth. They are also oblivious to others’ needs.
- A) antisocial
- B) borderline
- C) odd-eccentric
- D) narcissistic
Correct Answer

A. D) narcissistic

Explanation

Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder have an inflated sense of self-importance and believe that they are superior to others. They have grandiose thoughts and feelings about their own worth and abilities. They also lack empathy and are oblivious to the needs and feelings of others.

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17.

According to the psychodynamic approach, transference occurs when the client reacts to the therapist as if he or she is a significant person in the client’s life.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

According to the psychodynamic approach, transference occurs when the client projects their feelings, emotions, and expectations onto the therapist, as if the therapist represents a significant person in the client's life. This can happen because the therapist's role and dynamics in therapy can trigger unresolved issues and emotions from the client's past relationships or experiences. Transference is considered an important aspect of therapy as it provides insight into the client's unconscious thoughts and feelings, allowing for exploration and resolution of underlying conflicts. Therefore, the statement "True" accurately reflects the concept of transference in the psychodynamic approach.

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18.

Tom believes frequently brags to others that he has a genius IQ, despite having a long history of mental illness and limited formal education. He tells family members that he is friends with celebrities and that he will soon be managing some of the biggest stars in Hollywood. Tom is demonstrating
- A) persecutory delusions
- B) delusions of reference
- C) grandiose delusions
- D) self-deceptions
Correct Answer

A. C) grandiose delusions

Explanation

Tom's belief that he has a genius IQ, his bragging about it, and his claims of being friends with celebrities and managing big stars in Hollywood despite his mental illness and limited education indicate that he is demonstrating grandiose delusions. Grandiose delusions are characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance, unrealistic beliefs about one's abilities, and a tendency to boast about achievements or connections that are not based in reality.

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19.

Dysthymic disorder is less severe but more chronic than major depression.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Dysthymic disorder is indeed less severe but more chronic than major depression. While major depression is characterized by intense and debilitating symptoms that can last for weeks or months, dysthymic disorder involves milder symptoms that persist for a longer duration, typically for at least two years. This chronicity makes dysthymic disorder less severe, but the persistent nature of the symptoms can have a significant impact on a person's daily functioning and overall quality of life.

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20.

Obsessions can be defined as
- Persistent fear reactions, out of proportion to actual danger.
- Magical thinking.
- Repetitive behavior or mental acts.
- Recurrent, persistent thoughts, impulses, or images.
Correct Answer

A. Recurrent, persistent thoughts, impulses, or images.

Explanation

Obsessions are defined as recurrent, persistent thoughts, impulses, or images. This means that individuals with obsessions experience intrusive and unwanted thoughts, urges, or mental images that are difficult to control or get rid of. These thoughts or images can cause significant distress and anxiety to the person, and they often try to neutralize or suppress them through repetitive behaviors or mental acts. Obsessions are not simply fear reactions or magical thinking, but rather specific types of thoughts or impulses that persistently recur in an individual's mind.

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21.

Munchhausen’s syndrome is a type of factitious disorder.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Munchhausen's syndrome is indeed a type of factitious disorder. Factitious disorders involve individuals intentionally producing or exaggerating physical or psychological symptoms in order to assume the role of a sick person. Munchhausen's syndrome specifically refers to the chronic fabrication of symptoms, medical histories, and even self-inflicted injuries to gain attention and sympathy from healthcare professionals. This behavior is not driven by any external incentives, such as financial gain, but rather by the desire for attention and the satisfaction derived from assuming the sick role.

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22.

Social learning theory emphasizes that:
- A. people learn behaviors by watching other people.
- B. learning is the direct result of rewards and punishments.
- C. learning primarily occurs by observing random people.
- D. learning occurs when two stimuli are paired together.
Correct Answer

A. A. people learn behaviors by watching other people.

Explanation

Social learning theory emphasizes that people learn behaviors by watching other people. This theory suggests that individuals observe and imitate the behaviors of others, particularly those who are seen as role models or have higher status. It emphasizes the importance of observational learning and the influence of social interactions on learning. Through this process, individuals acquire new behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs by observing and imitating others, which can have a significant impact on their own behavior and development.

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23.

Lucy is concerned because her family pays little or no attention to each other. They seem to constantly go their own way, and have little interest in having a meal together. According to family systems theory, Lucy’s family is a(n) _____ family.
- A. inflexible.
- B. emeshed
- C. disengaged
- D. triangular
Correct Answer

A. C. disengaged

Explanation

According to family systems theory, a disengaged family is characterized by members who pay little or no attention to each other and have little interest in spending time together, such as having a meal together. This aligns with Lucy's concern about her family constantly going their own way and not having a strong sense of connection or togetherness.

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24.

Bernadette has experienced mental health problems since she was a child. She is clingy, idealizes someone one moment and despises the person the next, is manipulative, has extreme mood swings, and has attempted suicide 3 times. Anytime she gets into a conflict with her family or a significant other, she threatens suicide or engages in parasuicidal behavior, such as cutting. Bernadette has a diagnosis of ________ disorder.
- A) borderline personality
- B) narcissistic personality
- C) schizoaffective
- D) brief psychotic
Correct Answer

A. A) borderline personality

Explanation

Bernadette's symptoms, including extreme mood swings, unstable relationships, manipulative behavior, self-harm, and suicidal tendencies, are consistent with borderline personality disorder. This disorder is characterized by difficulties in regulating emotions and maintaining stable relationships, as well as impulsivity and self-destructive behaviors. The other options, narcissistic personality disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and brief psychotic disorder, do not align with the given symptoms.

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25.

Which of the following is an example of a biological therapy?
- Medication
- Psychoanalysis
- Classical conditioning
- Systematic desensitization
Correct Answer

A. Medication

Explanation

Medication is considered a biological therapy because it involves the use of chemicals or drugs to treat or manage physical or mental health conditions. Biological therapies target biological processes in the body, such as neurotransmitter imbalances or immune system dysfunction, to alleviate symptoms and promote healing. Medications can be prescribed for a wide range of conditions, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and diabetes. They can work by altering brain chemistry, regulating hormones, boosting immune responses, or targeting specific disease-causing agents. Therefore, medication is an example of a biological therapy.

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1
26.

Petra has hypochondriasis. She recently developed a mild cough and immediately worried that her cough was a symptom of lung cancer. After a series of medical tests, the doctor has confirmed that Petra does not have cancer or any other lung ailment. Based on what you know about this disorder—Upon hearing this news, Petra is likely to
- Feel relieved, as the doctor has determined that nothing is wrong.
- Fake new symptoms in order to get attention.
- Look to psychotherapy to better understand why she always feels sick.
- Feel no relief, believing that the doctor has missed something.
Correct Answer

A. Feel no relief, believing that the doctor has missed something.

Explanation

People with hypochondriasis have a persistent fear of having a serious medical condition, despite medical reassurance. Even when medical tests confirm that there is no underlying illness, individuals with hypochondriasis often continue to believe that something has been missed or that the doctor is wrong. Therefore, Petra is likely to feel no relief and continue to believe that the doctor has missed something, despite the confirmation that she does not have cancer or any other lung ailment.

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1
27.

_____ is the study of the impact of reinforcements and punishments on behavior.
- Behaviorism
- Cognition
- Psychoanalysis
- Observational learning
Correct Answer

A. Behaviorism

Explanation

Behaviorism is the study of the impact of reinforcements and punishments on behavior. It focuses on observable behaviors and how they are influenced by external stimuli. Behaviorists believe that behavior can be learned and modified through conditioning, where positive reinforcements increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated, and punishments decrease the likelihood. Behaviorism rejects the study of internal mental processes and instead emphasizes the importance of studying behavior in a scientific and objective manner.

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28.

Boys and girls are equally likely to be diagnosed with ADHD and conduct disorder.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

The statement is false because research has shown that boys are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD and conduct disorder compared to girls. Boys tend to exhibit more hyperactive and impulsive behavior, which is often associated with ADHD, while girls may display more inattentive symptoms that can be easily overlooked or misdiagnosed. Additionally, conduct disorder, which involves a pattern of aggressive and antisocial behavior, is also more commonly diagnosed in boys. Therefore, boys are more likely to be diagnosed with both ADHD and conduct disorder than girls.

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29.

The cognitive variable that most consistently predicts suicide is
- Hopelessness
- Lack of insight into one’s problems
- Sensitivity to criticism
- Irrational beliefs
Correct Answer

A. Hopelessness

Explanation

Hopelessness is the cognitive variable that most consistently predicts suicide. When individuals feel a deep sense of hopelessness, they may believe that their situation is permanent and that there is no way out. This feeling of despair can lead to a heightened risk of suicide as individuals may see suicide as the only solution to escape their pain and suffering. Therefore, hopelessness plays a crucial role in understanding and predicting suicidal behavior.

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30.

Val works at a mental health center. When a client is referred for services, Val gathers information about the symptoms and the possible causes of these symptoms. Val is _________.
- Conducting an assessment
- Making a diagnosis
- Implementing a treatment
- Engaging in countertransference.
Correct Answer

A. Conducting an assessment

Explanation

Val is conducting an assessment because they are gathering information about the client's symptoms and possible causes. This implies that Val is in the process of evaluating the client's mental health condition and determining the appropriate course of action. Making a diagnosis and implementing treatment would come after the assessment, while engaging in countertransference is unrelated to the given scenario.

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31.

Suicide is ________ among college students.
- A) the second leading cause of death
- B) rare
- C) the sixth leading cause of death
- D) rapidly declining
Correct Answer

A. A) the second leading cause of death

Explanation

Suicide is a significant issue among college students, as it is the second leading cause of death. This suggests that there is a high prevalence of suicidal thoughts and actions within this population. It highlights the importance of addressing mental health concerns and providing support services to students in order to prevent such tragedies.

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32.

According to biological theories of abnormality, mental illness is a type of physical disease or a breakdown in some system of the body.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

According to biological theories of abnormality, mental illness is considered to be a physical disease or a breakdown in some system of the body. This perspective suggests that mental disorders can be attributed to abnormalities in brain structure or function, imbalances in neurotransmitters, or genetic factors. It emphasizes the importance of biological factors in understanding and treating mental illnesses, and supports the idea that mental health issues should be approached and treated similarly to physical illnesses.

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4
33.

Daydreaming is an example of
- A) a fugue.
- B) a psychosomatic disorder.
- C) dissociation.
- D) psychogenic amnesia.
Correct Answer

A. C) dissociation.

Explanation

Daydreaming is a mental state in which a person is lost in their thoughts and imagination, often unaware of their surroundings. This is considered an example of dissociation because it involves a temporary detachment from reality and a shift in attention away from the present moment. During daydreaming, individuals may become absorbed in their internal world, experiencing a sense of disconnection from their immediate environment. Dissociation is a common phenomenon that can occur in various degrees, ranging from mild daydreaming to more severe dissociative disorders.

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34.

Vinnie has been diagnosed with ____________, which includes symptoms of schizophrenia and a mood disorder.
- A) delusional disorder
- B) schizoaffective disorder
- C) a brief psychotic episode
- D) bipolar disorder
Correct Answer

A. B) schizoaffective disorder

Explanation

Vinnie has been diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder, which is characterized by symptoms of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder. This means that Vinnie experiences hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and other symptoms commonly associated with schizophrenia, along with symptoms of a mood disorder such as depression or mania. Schizoaffective disorder is a chronic mental health condition that requires ongoing treatment and management.

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1
35.

_____ reliability is a measurement of how consistent the results of a test are over time
- Alternate form
- Internal
- Interrater
- Test-retest
Correct Answer

A. Test-retest

Explanation

Test-retest reliability is a measurement of how consistent the results of a test are over time. This type of reliability assesses whether the same test administered to the same group of individuals at two different points in time yields similar results. By comparing the scores obtained from the first administration of the test with the scores obtained from the second administration, researchers can determine the extent to which the test produces consistent results over time. Test-retest reliability is particularly important in assessing the stability and consistency of a measurement instrument or tool.

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36.

Phobias often develop through classical conditioning.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Phobias often develop through classical conditioning because individuals may associate a traumatic or fear-inducing event with a specific object, situation, or stimulus. This association creates a conditioned response, where the person experiences fear or anxiety whenever they encounter that particular trigger. Over time, this learned fear response becomes ingrained and can lead to the development of a phobia. Classical conditioning plays a significant role in the formation and maintenance of phobias.

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37.

You are conducting psychoanalysis with your client. Which technique will you use during therapy?
- Unconditional positive regard
- Free association
- Negative reinforcement
- Intermittent reflection
Correct Answer

A. Free association

Explanation

During psychoanalysis therapy, the technique of free association is used. This technique involves the client freely expressing their thoughts, feelings, and memories without any censorship or judgment. The therapist encourages the client to speak whatever comes to their mind, allowing unconscious thoughts and emotions to surface. This method helps the therapist gain insight into the client's unconscious mind and underlying issues, facilitating the therapeutic process. Unconditional positive regard, negative reinforcement, and intermittent reflection are not specific techniques used in psychoanalysis therapy.

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38.

The majority of individuals—over 90 percent—diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder have a history of
- Malingering.
- Schizophrenia.
- Adolescent-onset conduct disorder.
- Childhood sexual abuse.
Correct Answer

A. Childhood sexual abuse.

Explanation

Individuals diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder often have a history of childhood sexual abuse. This traumatic experience can lead to the development of dissociative symptoms as a coping mechanism. Dissociative identity disorder is characterized by the presence of multiple distinct identities or personality states that control a person's behavior. The trauma of childhood sexual abuse can result in the fragmentation of a person's identity, leading to the development of different identities or alters. This explanation aligns with the high prevalence of childhood sexual abuse among individuals diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder.

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39.

Pretend that you are a therapist. Which of the following basic counseling skills should you avoid?
- A) Active listening
- B) Focus on feeling
- C) Giving advice
- D) Accepting the client’s frame of reference
Correct Answer

A. C) Giving advice

Explanation

As a therapist, it is important to avoid giving advice to clients. This is because therapy is not about telling clients what to do or how to solve their problems. Instead, the focus should be on helping clients explore their own thoughts, feelings, and experiences in order to gain insight and make their own decisions. Giving advice can undermine the client's autonomy and hinder their personal growth and self-discovery. Therefore, it is crucial for therapists to refrain from giving advice and instead foster a supportive and non-judgmental environment for clients to explore their own solutions.

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40.

According to our class discussion, psychopaths like Ted Bundy and Bernie Madoff are often described by others as ____________. (Note: They are described this way before being their pathology is discovered.)
- A) substance abusers, low-achievers, and simple-minded.
- B) unstable, introverted, and weak.
- C) frightening, violent, and angry.
- D) charming, intelligent, and attractive.
Correct Answer

A. D) charming, intelligent, and attractive.

Explanation

Psychopaths like Ted Bundy and Bernie Madoff are often described as charming, intelligent, and attractive. This is because psychopaths often possess traits such as charisma, manipulativeness, and the ability to charm and deceive others. They are able to present themselves as intelligent and attractive individuals, which helps them gain the trust and admiration of others. However, it is important to note that this description is based on the perception of others before their psychopathic behavior or pathology is discovered.

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41.

When conducting cognitive-behavioral therapy, the therapist’s role is to
- A) provide advice.
- B) interpret dreams.
- C) encourage free association.
- D) help clients define goals.
Correct Answer

A. D) help clients define goals.

Explanation

In cognitive-behavioral therapy, the therapist's role is to help clients define goals. This involves working collaboratively with the client to identify what they want to achieve through therapy and helping them set specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound goals. By helping clients define their goals, the therapist can guide the therapeutic process and tailor interventions to address the client's specific needs and objectives. This approach empowers the client to take an active role in their own therapy and promotes a sense of ownership and motivation towards achieving positive change.

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42.

Research on anxiety disorders indicates that the most frequent obsession is dirt/contamination.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Research on anxiety disorders has shown that the most common obsession among individuals with anxiety disorders is dirt or contamination. This means that people with anxiety disorders often have an excessive fear of germs, dirt, or being contaminated. This finding is supported by numerous studies and is consistent with the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which often involves obsessions and compulsions related to cleanliness and contamination. Therefore, the statement "True" accurately reflects the research findings in this area.

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43.

It is difficult to treat somatoform disorders—such as conversion disorder, pain disorder, and hypochondriasis—because
- A) patients believe they are physically ill.
- B) the diagnostic criteria for these disorders are virtually identical.
- C) patients intentionally fake their symptoms.
- D) most patients refuse to seek medical care.
Correct Answer

A. A) patients believe they are physically ill.
44.

When a patient experiences catharsis, it means that the person has
- Lost sensation in the upper extremities.
- Become anxious and wishes to withdraw.
- Experienced a release of emotions.
- Found a new meaning in life.
Correct Answer

A. Experienced a release of emotions.

Explanation

When a person experiences catharsis, it refers to the release of strong emotions or pent-up feelings. This release can occur through various means such as crying, laughing, or expressing oneself creatively. Catharsis is often seen as a therapeutic process that helps individuals to let go of emotional burdens, gain a sense of relief, and achieve emotional healing. Therefore, the correct answer is "experienced a release of emotions."

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45.

_____ are questionnaires meant to assess people’s typical ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
- Intelligence tests
- Symptom questionnaires
- Projective tests
- Personality inventories
Correct Answer

A. Personality inventories

Explanation

Personality inventories are questionnaires designed to evaluate individuals' usual patterns of thinking, emotions, and behaviors. These tests aim to assess various aspects of an individual's personality, such as their traits, preferences, and tendencies. Unlike intelligence tests, which measure cognitive abilities, and symptom questionnaires, which focus on specific mental health symptoms, personality inventories provide a comprehensive understanding of an individual's personality traits and characteristics. Projective tests, on the other hand, involve ambiguous stimuli to reveal unconscious thoughts and feelings. Therefore, the correct answer is personality inventories.

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46.

Corbin was diagnosed with Conduct Disorder as a teenager. As an adult, Corbin has poor impulse control, is indifferent to others’ suffering, is easily bored, drifts from job to job and relationship to relationship, and is described as a pathological liar. Corbin most likely has
- A) schizophrenia
- B) antisocial personality disorder
- C) narcissistic personality disorder
- D) persecutory delusions
Correct Answer

A. B) antisocial personality disorder

Explanation

Corbin's symptoms of poor impulse control, indifference to others' suffering, being easily bored, drifting from job to job and relationship to relationship, and being described as a pathological liar are all indicative of antisocial personality disorder. This disorder is characterized by a disregard for the rights of others, a lack of empathy, and a pattern of manipulative and deceitful behavior. Schizophrenia is unlikely as it is characterized by hallucinations and delusions, which are not mentioned in the explanation. Narcissistic personality disorder is also unlikely as Corbin's symptoms do not align with the grandiosity and need for admiration associated with that disorder. Persecutory delusions do not fit the given symptoms either.

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47.

Genesis has an average IQ of 105. However, she exhibits significant deficits in reading and written expression. The school psychologist reports that although her cognitive ability falls within the average range, her achievement in these areas is much lower than expected—72 in reading and 80 in written expression. Genesis most likely has
- A learning disability
- Mild mental retardation.
- ADHD-inattentive type.
- A pervasive developmental disorder.
Correct Answer

A. A learning disability

Explanation

The given information states that Genesis has an average IQ of 105 but exhibits significant deficits in reading and written expression, with achievement scores of 72 and 80 respectively. This suggests that her cognitive ability falls within the average range, but her performance in these specific areas is much lower than expected. This pattern of having average intelligence but struggling with specific academic skills is indicative of a learning disability. Therefore, the most likely explanation for Genesis's situation is that she has a learning disability.

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48.

Jenna and Jermaine both have body dysmorphic disorder. Research indicates that Jenna is most likely to be concerned with her _______, while Jermaine is most likely to be concerned with his _______.
- Ears; nose
- Breasts; small body build
- Thinning hair; excessive body hair
- Upper body; lower body
Correct Answer

A. Breasts; small body build
49.

Most of the interactions among the id, ego, and superego occur in the _____.
- Early adulthood years
- Preconscious
- Unconscious
- Conscious
Correct Answer

A. Unconscious

Explanation

The interactions among the id, ego, and superego primarily occur in the unconscious mind. The unconscious mind is a reservoir of thoughts, desires, and memories that are not readily accessible to conscious awareness. It is within the unconscious that the id, ego, and superego engage in dynamic and complex interactions, shaping an individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. These interactions are often influenced by unconscious desires, conflicts, and defense mechanisms, which play a significant role in shaping personality and behavior.

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