Psychology - Life Span - Chapter 3
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Psychology 237 Life Span
- 1.The chemicals that produce instructions on each gene are:
- A.
Five bases
- B.
Five amino acids
- C.
Four bases
- D.
Four amino acids
- 2.The full set of genes that is the instructions to make a living organism is called:
- A.
DNA
- B.
Genotype
- C.
Gamete
- D.
Genome
- 3.The human genome contains about ______ on _____.
- A.
4 amino acids; 2,500 genes
- B.
25,000 genes; 46 chromosomes
- C.
46 chromosomes; 20,000 genes
- D.
25,000 genes; 23 chromosomes
- 4.What is formed when a sperm cell and an ovum fuse?
- A.
Zygote
- B.
Reproductive cell
- C.
Embryo
- D.
Fetus
- 5.Because of cultural preferences, women have sometimes looked for ways to alter the sex of their embryo. Which of the following is true?
- A.
Eating hot foods can alter the sex of an embryo
- B.
Eating cold foods can alter the sex of an embryo
- C.
Sleeping on one side can alter the sex of an embryo
- D.
No post-conception diet or action can alter the sex of an embryo
- 6.If a zygote has the genes for "musical genius," which is true?
- A.
The zygote will become a person who is a musical genius
- B.
Nothing can prevent the development of a trait for musical genius
- C.
Additional genes and factors in the environment may result in the development of a trait for musical genius
- D.
Genotype equals phenotype
- 7._____ refers to traits that are affected by many genes, and _____refers to traits that are influenced by many factors
- A.
Polygenic; multigenic
- B.
Polygenic; multifactorial
- C.
Genetic; environmental
- D.
Multifactorial; polygenic
- 8.When a pair of alleles interacts, the resulting phenotype reveals the influence of one allele more than that of the other allele. This pattern is called:
- A.
An additive gene pattern
- B.
A dominant-recessive pattern
- C.
An on-off switching pattern
- D.
A differentiation pattern
- 9.Most recessive genes on a male's X chromosome are expressed because:
- A.
Alleles on the Y chromosome are always recessive to other alleles
- B.
Sex-linked disorders are always expressed
- C.
Males are more prone to genetic disorders
- D.
The X-linked allele is not paired with any allele on the Y chromosome
- 10.Monozygotic twins, Randy and Rowdy, originated from the same zygote and therefore have identical genes. They have many similarities, but what explains the differences in their height, weight, and behavior?
- A.
They are not monozgotic twins, but rather dizygotic twins
- B.
The effects of nature and nurture are exactly the same for monozygotic twins
- C.
There is not an explanation for these differences
- D.
Something in one of the boy's environment affected his genes differently than his brother
- 11.The process by which ova are surgically removed from a woman, and then mixed with sperm to produce a zygote, which then is inserted into the uterus, is called:
- A.
In vitro fertilization
- B.
Amniocentesis
- C.
Cloning
- D.
Stem cell research
- 12.Multiple births from the implantation of more than one zygote may cause:
- A.
The mother to have high blood pressure and toxemia
- B.
Under-weight and premature babies
- C.
The babies to have higher rates of early death, disease, and disabilities
- D.
All of the answers are correct
- 13.Schizophrenia is a result of:
- A.
Gene-gene interaction alone
- B.
Both gene-gene and gene-environment interaction
- C.
Gene-environment interaction alone
- D.
Poor parenting
- E.
Environment interaction alone
- 14.Which statement is true?
- A.
Inherited biochemistry does not make people vulnerable to various addictions
- B.
Inherited genes express a person's behavior
- C.
Without genes, no behavior could exist and without environment, no gene could be expressed
- D.
None of these statements are true
- 15.Approximately _____ percent of twins are dizygotic
- A.
22
- B.
66
- C.
33
- D.
88
- 16.Based on recent research on twins and siblings, scientists now conclude that:
- A.
Children and adults choose environments that are compatible with their genes and that genetic influences increase in adulthood
- B.
A child's genes are not affected by parenting style
- C.
Children raised in the same home have the same expressed traits
- D.
A child's genes affect physical and cognitive development, but not social or emotional development
- 17.If one monozygotic twin is nearsighted, the other twin
- A.
Will also be nearsighted
- B.
Will not be nearsighted
- C.
Will have a 90% chance of being nearsighted
- D.
Will have a 90% chance of not being nearsighted
- 18.Mrs. Lara wants to prevent her 5-year old daughter from developing the genetic family trait of type 2 diabetes. What should she do?
- A.
Monitor her daughter's weight to make sure that she does not become obese
- B.
Provide opportunities for her daughter to have outdoor play activities
- C.
Prepare healthy balanced meals
- D.
All of the answers are correct
- E.
None are correct, Diabetes is genetic
- 19.The variable that most often correlates with chromosomal abnormalities is:
- A.
The age of the mother
- B.
A pregnant mother's drug use
- C.
Parent exposure to radiation
- D.
The age of the father
- 20.Down syndrome is a condition in which an individual has 3 copies of:
- A.
Chromosome 23
- B.
Chromosome 21
- C.
Chromosome 26
- D.
Chromosome 46
- 21.Which statement is true?
- A.
Men are the only carriers for genetic abnormalities
- B.
Women over the age of 35 produce abnormal ovum and are at risk of having unhealthy babies
- C.
Everyone is a carrier for genetic abnormalities, but usually these conditions are recessive
- D.
None of the statements are true
- 22.An embryo cannot develop without
- A.
An X chromosome
- B.
A Y chromosome
- C.
26 chromosomes
- D.
46 chromosomes
- E.
3 sex chromosomes
- 23.Who is more likely to be a carrier of an X-linked trait?
- A.
A woman
- B.
A man
- C.
A colorblind man
- D.
A dizygotic twin
- 24.In general, genetic counseling is recommended for:
- A.
Individuals with achondroplastic dwarfism
- B.
Couples who want to know the sex of their fetus
- C.
Couples who want to produce twins
- D.
Women older than 34 and men older than 39
- 25.A genetic disorder that causes the inability to metabolize phenylalinine that may lead to brain damage and mental retardation is called
- A.
Hemophilia
- B.
Phenylketonuria
- C.
Pyloric stenosis
- D.
Thalassemia
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