Psychology Practice Quiz For Final Exam
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- 1.All of the following are influential perspectives in personality theory EXCEPT the
- A.
Act
- B.
The enduring characteristics each person is born with
- C.
Human Factors approach
- 2.Personality may be defined as the sum total of who you are and the unique ways that you think, feel and
- A.
Touch
- B.
Smell
- C.
Act
- 3.Temperament refers to
- A.
The way a person feels
- B.
The thought process of Freud's work
- C.
The enduring characteristics each person is born with.
- 4.Freud believed that there was a portion of the brain that remained hidden from the individual except in symbolic form in dreams and other behaviors. This portion of the brain is called the
- A.
Conscious
- B.
Unconscious
- C.
Frontal lobe
- 5.John's boss yells at him. As John walks meekly out of the boss's office, Dana walks past him and says, "hello!" John yells at Dana and proceeds to berate her for the job she did on the last contract. Freud would say John is using ________ as a way of dealing with his stress.
- A.
Just being the usual type A
- B.
A defense mechanism
- C.
Aggressive
- 6.According to Freud, the desired outcome of the phallic stage of psychosexual development is
- A.
Crawling
- B.
Identification with the same-sex parent.
- C.
Learning to identify with the opposite sex parent.
- 7.According to Freud, the ________ stage occurs from age 6 to the onset of puberty.
- A.
Phallic
- B.
Adolescent
- C.
Latency
- 8.Alfred Adler believed that the defense mechanism of compensation is used by individuals who ____________________.
- A.
Just give up completely
- B.
Are striving to become inferior in some area of their life
- C.
Are striving to become superior in some area of their life.
- 9.One criticism of Freud's psychoanalytic theory is that it ____________________.
- A.
Has many ambiguous concepts and they are difficult to evaluate.
- B.
It can be proven but not used
- C.
He dealt too much with sexual problems
- 10.Bandura defined ________ as a person's expectancy of how effective his or her efforts to accomplish a goal will be in any particular circumstance.
- A.
Loyalty
- B.
self-efficacy
- C.
Grace
- 11.
![Self-actualizing tendency refers to ____________________.]( "Self-actualizing tendency refers to ____________________.")
Self-actualizing tendency refers to ____________________.- A.
Realizing your full potential
- B.
Striving to fulfill one's innate capacities and capabilities.
- C.
Finding your meaning in life
- 12.Micah's husband tells her how much happier he would be if she stayed home to raise their children. She believes he would stop loving her if she decided to take a job. Micah's husband is offering ____________________
- A.
Conditional positive regard.
- B.
Unconditional positive regard
- C.
Negative reguard
- 13.According to Cattell's 16PF self-report inventory, airline pilots, when compared to writers, tend to be more ____________________.
- A.
Artistic
- B.
Self centered
- C.
Controlled
- 14.To be described as unreliable, lazy, careless, and negligent, one would receive a low score on the trait known as ____________________
- A.
Lazy
- B.
Conscientiousness.
- C.
Stupid
- 15.The psychological defense mechanism of projection is when someone ____________________.
- A.
Prefers to do things on their own
- B.
Pushes others away
- C.
Places one's own unacceptable thoughts onto others.
- 16.The Rorschach inkblot test ____________________.
- A.
Is made up of completely black pictures
- B.
Has only 20 pictures
- C.
Has neither right nor wrong answers.
- 17.If a test measures what it is supposed to measure, that test has ____________________.
- A.
Passed
- B.
Validity.
- C.
Been reliable
- 18.Marjorie took a personality test in April. She took the same test in June and got a very similar score. This personality test is ____________________.
- A.
Reliable.
- B.
Valid
- C.
True
- 19.The diagnosis of mental retardation depends on all of the following criteria EXCEPT ____________________.
- A.
The limitations must be present before the age of 12.
- B.
Only found in adulthood
- C.
Has a i.q of 100
- 20.Someone with an IQ score of 60 has ________ developmental delay.
- A.
Normal
- B.
Very severe
- C.
Mild
- 21.________ is a developmental delay related to living in poverty conditions and one that usually produces relatively mild retardation.
- A.
Incest
- B.
Familial retardation
- C.
Downs
- 22.Terman determined that gifted people ____________________.
- A.
Are least resistant to mental illnesses than those of average intelligence
- B.
Are more resistant to mental illnesses than those of average intelligence.
- C.
Are really not gifted at all
- 23.According to Goleman, ________ is a more powerful influence on success in life than more traditional views of intelligence.
- A.
I.q intelligence
- B.
Emotional intelligence
- C.
Average intelligence
- 24.
- A.
Genetics
- B.
Twin studies
- C.
Down syndrome
- 25.Putting the care of the family ahead of your own care is called ____________________.
- A.
Not being selfish
- B.
Attribution.
- C.
Collectivism.
- 26.________ are personal judgments based on beliefs rather than facts.
- A.
Biases
- B.
Ideas
- C.
Opinions
- 27.Talking, facial expressions, and movements are elements of ____________________.
- A.
Behavior
- B.
Speech
- 28.Within the field of psychology, mental processes refer to ____________________.
- A.
All internal, covert activity.
- B.
Mental thoughts
- 29.Description involves ________ a person's behavior
- A.
Observing what is happening in
- B.
Naming what it is
- 30.The process of objectively examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities is known as ____________________.
- A.
Objective introspection.
- B.
Mental process
- 31.________ is known as the "father of psychology."
- A.
Freud
- B.
Wilhelm Wundt
- 32.Some psychologists believe that every experience can be broken down into its individual emotion and sensation. This is known as ____________________.
- A.
Structuralism.
- B.
Objective introspection.
- C.
Positivism
- 33.William James was responsible for developing the theory of ____________________.
- A.
Functionalism.
- B.
Structuralism
- C.
Positivism
- 34.Gestalt psychology ____________________.
- A.
Focused on perception of patterns and whole figures.
- B.
Focused on the mind
- 35.Freud proposed that there is a(n) ________ mind into which we repress threatening urges and desires.
- A.
Unconscious
- B.
Conscious
- C.
Sleepful
- 36.Pavlov's work with dogs focused on the concept of ____________________.
- A.
Positivism
- B.
Structuralism
- C.
Conditioning.
- 37.________ was denied a Ph.D degree because she was a woman.
- A.
Mary Whiton Calkins
- B.
Anna Grayson
- C.
Donna Lee Loyd
- 38.When Rashid graduated from college, he believed he had finally achieved his full potential. Maslow called this ____________________.
- A.
Self-actualization.
- B.
Socialization
- C.
Self worth
- 39.________ suggests that behavioral responses are reinforced when rewarded with pleasurable consequences.
- A.
Operant conditioning
- B.
Convalent conditioning
- 40.
- A.
Biopsychological
- B.
Evolutionary
- 41.Which professional has a doctorate degree and works with humans or animals in a variety of settings?
- A.
Psychologist
- B.
Physiology
- 42.The first step in the scientific method is ____________________.
- A.
Perceiving the question
- B.
Answering the question
- C.
Making a claim
- 43.A ________ is a tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observation.
- A.
Educated guess
- B.
Clue
- C.
Hypothesis
- 44.In psychology, researchers try to find the answers to ________ questions.
- A.
Sociological
- B.
Behavioral
- C.
Empirical
- 45.________ refers to the tendency of observers to see what they expect to see.
- A.
Observer bias
- B.
Judging
- 46.
- A.
83
- B.
-.93
- C.
-90
- 47.A(n) ________ specifically names the steps that the experimenter must use to control or measure the variables in the experiment.
- A.
Operational definition
- B.
Experiment
- C.
Hypothesis
- 48.Animals are used in about ________ of all psychological studies.
- A.
7%
- B.
15%
- C.
20%
- 49.________ analyzes personality through handwriting.
- A.
Graphology
- B.
Pictographic
- C.
Anaylist
- 50.The cell that sends and receives messages in the nervous system is called the ____________________.
- A.
Neuron.
- B.
Dendrites.
- 51.Messages from other cells are received by the ____________________.
- A.
Nerves
- B.
Neurons
- C.
Dendrites.
- 52.Once a message has been received, a cell ____________________.
- A.
Becomes positively charged on the inside.
- B.
Returns to its resting state.
- 53.When a neuron receives a stimulus that is very strong, the result is ____________________.
- A.
The neuron fires in an all-or-none fashion.
- B.
Becomes positively charged on the inside.
- 54.After a neurotransmitter travels through the ______, it fits into a place on the dendrite of another neuron called the _________.
- A.
Neuron and Denrite
- B.
Synapse; receptor site
- 55.Endorphins help the body ____________________.
- A.
Control pain
- B.
Fight or flight
- C.
Have energy
- 56.The venom of a black widow spider causes neurons to release a flood of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This excess of acetylcholine can lead to ____________________
- A.
Nothing at all
- B.
Slurred speech
- C.
Convulsions and possible death.
- 57.The _____ part of the spinal cord transmits messages to and from the brain. The ____ part controls lifesaving reflexes such as pain response.
- A.
Outer; inner
- B.
Inner; Outer
- C.
Within or out
- 58.This carries messages from the senses to the spinal cord.
- A.
Afferent neurons
- B.
External neurons
- C.
Nerves
- 59.Afferent neurons, efferent neurons and inter neurons make up the ____________________.
- A.
Reflex arc.
- B.
Dendrite
- C.
Neuron
- 60.Special cells found in all the tissues of the body that are capable of manufacturing other cell types when those cells need to be replaced due to damage or wear and tear are ____________________.
- A.
Stem cells.
- B.
Smooth muscle cells
- C.
Brain cells
- 61.The peripheral nervous system is made up of ____________________.
- A.
All the nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord.
- B.
Brain and spinal cord
- 62.The _______ is to involuntary muscles as the _______ is to voluntary muscles.
- A.
Somatic nervous system; autonomic nervous system
- B.
Autonomic nervous system; somatic nervous system
- 63.Natalie sees a beautiful flower, so she walks over to touch and smell it. She is using the ____________________.
- A.
Automatic nevous system
- B.
Somatic nervous system
- 64.______ is the insertion of a thin, insulated wire into the brain of animals through which an electrical current is sent that destroys the brain cells at the tip of the wire.
- A.
Deep lesioning
- B.
Brain Sugery
- 65.One important advantage of an MRI over a CT scan is that the MRI ____________________.
- A.
Cost less
- B.
Provides much more detail.
- 66.
- A.
Delta
- B.
Alpha
- 67.This brain structure serves as a relay station for sensory information.
- A.
Thalamus
- B.
Hypothalmus
- 68.
![The visual centers of the brain area are contained in the ____________________.]( "The visual centers of the brain area are contained in the ____________________.")
The visual centers of the brain area are contained in the ____________________.- A.
Temporal Lobe
- B.
Frontal Lobe
- C.
Occipital lobe.
- 69.Assie's mother suffered a stroke. Since then, she sometimes says strange things, such as, "I need to go to the store to buy some canaries," when she means to say that she needs groceries. Cassie's mother seems to be suffering from ____________________.
- A.
CHF
- B.
Dementia
- C.
Wernicke's aphasia.
- 70.Roger Sperry was looking for a cure for this disease when researching differentiation of the left and right hemispheres of the brain
- A.
Denmentia
- B.
Epilepsy
- 71.
- A.
The right processes information all at once, whereas the left breaks things down into parts
- B.
They both operate equally together
- 72.Melatonin and thyroxin are examples of ____________________.
- A.
Glands
- B.
Honrmones
- 73.If the pancreas secretes too little insulin, it results in ________. If it secretes too much insulin, it results in ________.
- A.
Diabetes; hypoglycemia
- B.
Hyperglycemia and hypoeixa
- 74.Adrenal glands produce hormones called ____________________.
- A.
Steriods
- B.
Corticoids
- 75.These sensory receptors are triggered by chemicals substances.
- A.
Taste buds
- B.
The mouth
- 76.Researchers were unable to duplicate Vicary's 1957 study showing that sales of popcorn and Coca-Cola ________ after the message "Eat Popcorn" and "Drink Cola" were flashed briefly on a screen without audience awareness.
- A.
Went down
- B.
Rose considerably
- 77.If you are experiencing habituation,
- A.
The brain is dealing with unchanging information from the ears
- B.
Sensory receptors for hearing are still responding to sounds
- 78."Packets" of light waves are referred to as ____________________.
- A.
Photons
- B.
Sparks
- 79.Which part of the eye receives sensory signals, and relays that information to the brain?
- A.
Iris
- B.
Retina
- C.
Ganglion
- 80.If your eyeball is too short, you may have trouble with ____________________.
- A.
Focusing on distant objects
- B.
Focusing on near objects
- 81.The blind spot in the eye is due to ____________________.
- A.
The Iris
- B.
A hole in the retina where ganglion cells become the optic nerve
- 82.Thomas Young's theory of color vision ____________________.
- A.
Had yellow orange and green cones
- B.
Ndicated that light is made up of red, blue and green cones.
- 83.Cones are the special cells responsible for ____________________.
- A.
Sight
- B.
Color vision
- C.
Eye color
- 84.
![When Stephen looks out at
a field of red, purple and yellow tulips, he can only see shades of
gray. His condition is ____________________.]( "When Stephen looks out at
a field of red, purple and yellow tulips, he can only see shades of
gray. His condition is ____________________.")
When Stephen looks out at a field of red, purple and yellow tulips, he can only see shades of gray. His condition is ____________________.- A.
Monochrome color blindness
- B.
Single cell blindness
- C.
Normal color blind
- 85.Sound wavelengths interpreted by the brain as frequency are called ____________________.
- A.
Wavelenghts
- B.
Pitch
- 86.The ________ passes messages from the ear to the brain.
- A.
Audit cannel
- B.
Auditory nerve
- 87.Normal aging causes loss of hair cells in the ____________________.
- A.
Cochlea
- B.
Stapes
- C.
Incus
- 88.When you smell an odor, which aspect of the substance you are smelling actually enters your nose to create the sensation of smell?
- A.
Chemicals secreted by the substance.
- B.
Particles of the substance itself.
- 89.
- A.
4
- B.
5
- C.
6
- 90.The olfactory bulbs are located ____________________.
- A.
In front of the cheeks
- B.
Below the sinuses
- C.
Directly below the frontal lobes.
- 91.Kinesthetic sense involves ____________________.
- A.
The location of body parts in relation to the ground and to each other
- B.
The location of body parts in relation to the body
- 92.________ pain is detected in the organs
- A.
Chronic
- B.
Veseral
- 93.________ sense is the body process most to blame if you become dizzy after a long ride on a carousel at the amusement park
- A.
Balance
- B.
Equalibrium
- C.
Vestibular
- 94.Dara tends to have motion sickness while spinning around during her gymnastics routine. Her teacher advises her that she can avoid this problem by ____________________.
- A.
Focusing her eyes on a distant fixed object.
- B.
Closing her eyes
- 95.Closure refers to the tendency to ____________________.
- A.
Incomplete figures that are complete
- B.
Complete figures that are incomplete.
- 96.People who are blind from birth, but later have their sight restored, are unlikely to develop ____________________.
- A.
Depth perception.
- B.
Color
- 97.________ is also called a muscular cue.
- A.
Accommodation
- B.
Fixation
- 98.The ________ illusion tends to occur more in societies with lots of buildings.
- A.
Layer Null
- B.
Muller-Lyer
- 99.
- A.
They have been inconsistent, and experiments could not be replicated.
- B.
Not used very much anymore
- 100.Research suggests strongly that once people learn something, it is always present somewhere in memory.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 101.Ivan Pavlov was a Russian _____ who spent his life studying classical conditioning.
- A.
Physiologist
- B.
Physiologist
- 102.N classical conditioning, the actual response involved in a CR and a UCR are the same. (For example, it might be salivation in both cases.) But what makes that response (salivation) considered conditioned or unconditioned depends on ____________________.
- A.
whether the subject is responding to a UCS or a CS
- B.
UCS
- C.
US
- 103.A stimulus that has no effect on the desired response is a/an ____________________.
- A.
Neutral stimulus
- B.
Negative stimulus
- 104.Four-year-old Joshua reacts with anxiety to the sound of thunder. A chair slides across the wooden floor making a sound similar to thunder. Joshua reacts with some slight anxiety. This is an example of ____________________.
- A.
Stimulus generalization
- B.
Fear
- 105._____ occurs when a strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus, causing the neutral stimulus to become a second conditioned stimulus.
- A.
Higher-order conditioning
- B.
Lower end conditioning
- 106.In John Watson's experiment with "Little Albert," he demonstrated that ____________________.
- A.
Human emotional responses could be conditioned
- B.
That human emotional responses could not be condition
- 107.An example of biological preparedness is ____________________.
- A.
When coyotes ate sheep laced with lithium chloride, got extremely sick one time, then stopped eating sheep meat.
- B.
Getting ready for a final exam
- 108.______ was one of the first researchers to look at the laws involved in learning voluntary responses.
- A.
Edward Thorndike
- B.
Freud
- 109.Marco's mom gives him a treat every night after dinner when he picks up his plate and places it in the dishwasher. Marco's mom uses
- A.
Continuous reinforcement.
- B.
Partial reinforcement.
- 110.In most employment situations, people are paid on a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement rather than on a variable interval schedule of reinforcement.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 111.Fishing is an example of an activity with a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 112.Layla's new puppy keeps chewing the bottoms of her favorite curtains. Now, whenever Layla sees the puppy begin chewing, she turns on a device that makes a continuous loud, annoying sound. She will not turn it off until the puppy stops chewing. Layla is using which technique to change the puppy's behavior?
- A.
Negative reinforcement
- B.
Punishment
- 113.A student in a fourth-grade class keeps talking out of turn, no matter how many times the teacher tells her to stop. Finally, in desperation, the teacher sends the student to the principal's office. This action of sending the student to the principal's office is a form of ____________________.
- A.
Punishment
- B.
Corral punishment
- 114.A modern term for a form of behavior modification that uses shaping techniques to mold a desired behavior or response is ____________________.
- A.
Applied behavior analysis.
- B.
Negative behavior analysis
- 115.The mental events that take place inside a person's mind while behaving are known as ____________________.
- A.
Cognition
- B.
Recognition
- 116.The second group of rats in Tolman's maze experiment were not reinforced for finding the exit until the tenth day. Once they started getting reinforcement, the rats ____________________.
- A.
Learned to find the exit almost immediately.
- B.
Never really learned how to do it
- 117.Kohler's chimp experiment involved ____________________.
- A.
Chimps learning how to work together
- B.
A chimp fitting one stick into another stick to reach out of his cage for a banana.
- 118.Kohler's idea of animal insight was controversial because other researchers, like Thorndike, did not believe that animals demonstrated that trait.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 119.Seligman connects learned helplessness to ____________________.
- A.
Depression
- B.
Agression
- 120.In his later studies, Bandura added the condition of _____ into his studies of children and the Bobo doll.
- A.
Reward
- B.
Want
- 121.Children respond to observing aggression the same whether a show depicts an aggressive model as being punished or the program makes a "hero" out of the aggressive model.
- A.
False
- B.
True
- 122.Noah is a junior in college and has always been an average student. This semester, he has a political science class for which he feels very passionate, and he sees himself pursuing a career in politics. For the first time, he wants to do well so that he can get an "A." This is an example of which element of observational learning?
- A.
Self worth
- B.
Motivation
- 123.According to Bandura's four elements of observational learning, learning can take place even when the learner is not paying attention.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 124.The central idea of toilet training a cat is breaking down the process into a series of small stages. This is an example of ____________________.
- A.
Structure
- B.
Shaping
- 125.
- A.
Letting of old information everyday
- B.
Holding information just long enough to work with it.
- 126.The information-processing model assumes that how long a memory will be remembered depends on the stage of memory in which it is stored.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 127.Eduardo is watching people walk down the street, and all of a sudden, he thinks, "Was that man wearing a bright purple suit?" As a result of this thought, he looks back at the man to see if it is true. Which type of memory is responsible for Eduardo's behavior?
- A.
Iconic
- B.
Sensory
- 128.Amie has the ability to look quickly at a page in a book, then focus on a blank piece of paper and "read" the words from the image of the page in the book that still lingers in his sensory memory. Jamie's ability is an example o
- A.
Eidetic imagery
- B.
Idemic imagery
- 129.In spite of the loud music and many conversations at the party, Rachel was able to hear her friend say her name. Rachel's ability to hear her name regardless of the background noise is an example of ____________________.
- A.
Selective attention
- B.
Selective brain
- 130.________ memory is like a giant filing system in which the "files" are individual bits and pieces of memories stored in a highly organized and interconnected fashion.
- A.
Longterm
- B.
Short term
- 131.Information that is rehearsed long enough may actually find its way into long-term memory.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 132.
- A.
Elaborative rehearsal
- B.
Positive impact
- 133.After he was hit in the head with a baseball, Fred was unable to remember things that happened after the accident. He was suffering from ____________________.
- A.
Anterograde amnesia.
- B.
Complete amnesia
- 134.Erik solved a crossword puzzle on Monday. By Thursday, he could not remember the words in the puzzle. On Thursday night when he was playing a word game with his best friend, however, he unconsciously used words that were in the puzzle. Erik's experience is an example of ____________________.
- A.
implicit memory.
- B.
Explicit memory
- 135.The difference between implicit and explicit memories is that it is difficult to bring explicit memories into consciousness, whereas implicit memories can be forgotten, but always have the potential to be made conscious
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 136.In the ________ model of memory, concepts that are related in meaning are thought to be stored physically near each other in the brain.
- A.
Semantic network
- B.
Amantic network
- 137.Donyelle finds that she performs better on the exams that are given in her regular psychology classroom than in the large lecture room that is used to give midterms and finals to several sections at once. Donyelle's experience illustrates ____________________.
- A.
The importance of retrieval cues in memory.
- B.
Importance of memory
- 138.________ is the tendency for memory of any kind of information to be improved if the physical surroundings available when the memory is first formed are also available when the memory is being retrieved.
- A.
Encoding specificity
- B.
Decoding specificity
- 139.Which is an example of a recognition task?
- A.
Coloring
- B.
Shapes
- C.
A word search puzzle
- 140.Recognition is much easier than recall because the cue is the actual object, word, or sound that one is simply trying to detect as familiar.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 141.Although some researchers have found evidence for a high degree of accuracy in flashbulb memories of major events, others have found that flashbulb memories are just as subject to decay and alterations over time as other kinds of memories.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 142.As new memories are created in long-term memory, old memories are more likely to be changed or altered in some way
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 143.The tendency to falsely believe, through revision of older memories to include newer information, that one could have correctly predicted the outcome of an event is known as misinformatio
- A.
False
- B.
True
- 144.The textbook discusses a study conducted by Pezdek and Hodge (1999) who asked children to read five different summaries of childhood events. Two of these events were false, but only one of the two false events were plausible. The children were all told that all of the events happened to them as small children. The results of this study indicated ____________________.
- A.
that the plausible false events were significantly more likely to be remembered as false memories than were the implausible false events.
- B.
They all remembered what their childhood stored
- 145.Manny was talking to his friend as he was walking out the door. A few minutes later, Manny asked his friend about the conversation they had few minutes earlier, while walking out the door. Since his friend was not paying attention to him, he could not recall what Manny had said. Manny's friend experienced ____________________.
- A.
Encoding failure
- B.
Forgotten memory
- 146.When Diana remodeled her kitchen she moved the clock from one wall to another. Now every time she enters the kitchen she looks at the blank wall to see the time. Diana is experiencing ____________________.
- A.
Deactive misplacement
- B.
Proactive interference.
- 147.Quincy recently learned the names of the planets in the solar system. His semantic memory for the names of the planets is stored in which parts of the brain?
- A.
Frontal lobe and tempanic membrain
- B.
pre frontal cortex and temporal lobe
- 148.Ruth was in a car accident which resulted in an injury to her head. She cannot remember the events that occurred several hours prior to the accident. Ruth is experiencing ____________________.
- A.
Retrograde amnesia.
- B.
Complete amnesia
- 149.Alzheimer's disease is the least common type of dementia found in the elderly population
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 150.Post-traumatic stress disorder ____________________.
- A.
Is more likely to occur in men than women
- B.
Is more likely to occur in women than men.
- 151.The type of stress experienced when positive events require the body to adapt is called ____________________
- A.
Eustruss
- B.
Stress
- 152.The Social Readjustment Rating Scale measures the amount of stress ____________________.
- A.
In a person's life over a one-year period resulting from life events.
- B.
In a person's life over a six month period resulting from life events.
- 153.According to the College Undergraduate Stress Scale, which of the following is considered to be the most stressful?
- A.
Getting teased
- B.
Flunking a class
- C.
Getting kicked out of school
- 154.In a survey on the sources of hassles, children aged 3-5 rated ________ as the biggest daily hassle.
- A.
Getting teased
- B.
Being bullied
- C.
Not fitting in
- 155.Ross does not do well in school, so he spends his time surfing. Which defense mechanism is Ross using?
- A.
Escape
- B.
Withdrawl
- 156.Dropping out of school or quitting a job are forms of ____________________.
- A.
Withdrawl
- B.
Escape
- 157.With respect to suicide,
- A.
Men are nearly four times more likely to complete a suicide attempt
- B.
Women are nearly four times more likely to complete a sucide attempt
- 158.Juliana had decided to have chocolate cake for dessert, but when the waiter mentioned apple pie, she was torn between the two. What type of conflict was Juliana experiencing?
- A.
Direct approach
- B.
Approach approach
- 159.The risk of getting a cold virus ________ as the months of exposure to a stressor increases.
- A.
Greatly increases
- B.
Decreases slightly
- 160.A major factor in how stressful a particular stressor becomes is ____________________.
- A.
The appraisal of the stressor
- B.
The way the person reacts to that stressor
- 161.Marc is worried about his upcoming job interview, but he has practiced interview questions and researched the company, so he feels he will be able to handle the stress. According to Lazarus, Marc is using ____________________.
- A.
Primary appraisal.
- B.
Secondary appraisal
- 162.Cho never feels there is enough time to study, even though she has straight As. She finds it hard to relax because she always feels she should be studying. What personality type is Cho?
- A.
A
- B.
B
- 163.If life gives a Type A personality lemons, he or she will ____________________.
- A.
Get enraged and throw the lemons back, having a minor heart attack while doing so.
- B.
Smile and do the best they can
- 164.Optimism is associated with all of the following EXCEPT ____________________.
- A.
He tendency to develop learned helplessness.
- B.
Getting depressed
- 165.Optimists use ________, a process of comparing their performance to those that are less competent.
- A.
Downward social comparison
- B.
Upward social comparison
- 166.In ________, the minority person gives up the old cultural identity and completely adopts the majority culture's ways.
- A.
Assimilation
- B.
Deverience
- 167.Marginalized individuals do not have the security of the familiar culture of origin and may suffer a loss of ____________________.
- A.
Indenity
- B.
Loss
- 168.When Maxine's husband died, the members of her church brought her food and stayed with her children while she made funeral arrangements. This is an example of a(n) ________ support system.
- A.
Latteral
- B.
Soical
- 169.Obesity is a condition in which the body weight of a person is ________ percent or more over the ideal weight for that person's height.
- A.
40
- B.
30
- C.
20
- 170.________ is the technique to use when dealing with uncontrollable stressors.
- A.
Emotion focused coping
- B.
Stressor focused coping
- 171.Concentrative meditation ____________________.
- A.
has been shown to lower blood pressure in adolescents
- B.
Has been shown to lower blood pressure in adults
- 172.________ can produce lowered blood pressure in people with hypertension.
- A.
Meditation for 30 minutes
- B.
Meditation for 20 minutes
- 173.
- A.
Sleep provides a way to manage stress during dreaming
- B.
Sleep deprivation can raise production of natural killer cells.
- 174.Crying has the possible effect of ____________________.
- A.
Causing stress
- B.
Relieving stress
- 175._____ is the scientific study of how a person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by the real, imagined, or implied presence of others.
- A.
Social psychology
- B.
Emotional psychology
- 176.In Asch's black line experiment, participants ____________________.
- A.
Conformed to the group answer about one-third of the time
- B.
Came up with their own answers
- 177.
- A.
Group should elect a leader to make all the decisions
- B.
The group should vote on issues by a show of hands
- 178.Nick wanted his friend Jason to go skiing with him for the day. Jason didn't want to go because he said it would cost too much money. Nick said it would just cost $20. When they got there, lift tickets cost $20 as Nick said, but Jason also had to pay for ski rentals and rental insurance. Nick used the ____________________.
- A.
Lowbal technique
- B.
High end technique
- 179.Many of the "teachers" in the Milgram study followed the commands of the authority figure even though they begged to be allowed to stop.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 180._____ is the tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a certain person, object, idea or situation.
- A.
Racism
- B.
Attitude
- 181.The three components of attitude are _____, thoughts and actions.
- A.
Feelings
- B.
Ideas
- 182.Stronger attitudes are more likely to predict behavior than weaker ones.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 183.If an environmental group is trying to persuade the public to join its cause, it needs to focus on the ____________________.
- A.
Source, message and target audience.
- B.
On the message alone
- C.
On the idea
- 184.F a jury member voted "guilty" because the defendant had "shifty eyes" and not because of any of the evidence presented, he or she is demonstrating ____________________.
- A.
Bias
- B.
Peripheral-route processing.
- 185.
- A.
Primary effect
- B.
Secondary effect
- 186.Prejudice is to ____ as discrimination is to _______
- A.
Hate and hope
- B.
Attitude; behavior
- 187.When Jane Elliot divided her class into two groups based on eye color,
- A.
The test scores of the out-group went up
- B.
The test scores of the out-group dropped.
- 188.The group most likely to become a scapegoat is the group ____________________.
- A.
With the most social influence.
- B.
With the least social influence.
- 189.In the "Robber's Cave" study, prejudice was created between two groups of boys at a summer camp by dividing them up into separate housing and keeping them apart during daily activities.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 190.
![One way to reduce
prejudice is to promote personal involvement with people from other
groups that is cooperative and occurs when all groups are equal in terms
of power or status. This is known as ____________________.]( "One way to reduce
prejudice is to promote personal involvement with people from other
groups that is cooperative and occurs when all groups are equal in terms
of power or status. This is known as ____________________.")
One way to reduce prejudice is to promote personal involvement with people from other groups that is cooperative and occurs when all groups are equal in terms of power or status. This is known as ____________________.- A.
Making them think they are equal
- B.
Equal status contact.
- 191.Lashonda is a gifted pianist and is looking for a boyfriend who loves music. Lashonda is focusing on which factor of interpersonal attraction?
- A.
Likes
- B.
Similarity
- 192.Researchers found that reciprocity of liking doesn't work when ____________________.
- A.
a person suffers from feelings of low self-worth.
- B.
When the person does not hold feelings for another
- 193.According to Sternberg's theory, when intimacy and passion are combined the result is _____, which is often the basis for a more lasting relationship.
- A.
Deeply inlove
- B.
Romantic love
- 194.In Sternberg's model, intimacy, passion and commitment are all present in ____________________.
- A.
consummate love.
- B.
Romantic love
- 195.The area of the brain that controls aggressive responses is the ____________________.
- A.
Cerbro cortect
- B.
amygdala.
- 196.After drinking alcohol, participants in one study became more willing to administer electric shock to another person.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 197.Studies have found no correlation between violent video games and aggressive behavior in young children and adolescents.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 198.Ryan sees a woman collapse in the mall. He doesn't run over to help her because he assumes there is probably someone else in the crowd who is a doctor or nurse and who can provide better assistance. This is an example of ____________________.
- A.
Diffusion of responsibility.
- B.
Being scared to make the wrong move
- 199.Jackson has decided that the best way to help his friend who just lost his job is to loan him some money. What stage of the helping decision process has Jackson just completed?
- A.
Taking action
- B.
Planning a course of action
- 200.Archaeologists have found human skulls that bear the sign of ancient surgeries. This surgery has been termed ____________________.
- A.
Trepanning
- B.
Skull drilling
- 201.Hippocrates thought that _______ was/were responsible for all maladaptive behaviors or mental illnesses.
- A.
Humors
- B.
Bad spirits
- 202.A person who experiences a great deal of subjective discomfort in his or her daily routine or behaviors may be displaying a sign of behavioral abnormality.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 203._____ is a disorder that is found primarily in Japan and includes excessive fear and anxiety over the possibility of offending someone.
- A.
Taijin-kyofu-sho (TKS)
- B.
Tu Twi Page
- 204.Dr. Ann Sutton performed some tests and believes the abnormal behaviors Richard is displaying are caused by a chemical imbalance. She is writing a prescription for a pill she believes will restore the balance that he needs. Dr. Sutton is in favor of a ______ treatment.
- A.
Biological
- B.
Medical
- 205.Terms such as diagnosis, mental patient and remission are examples of the ______ model's influence on the language used to describe disorders.
- A.
Medical
- B.
Biological
- 206.The surfacing and resurfacing of forbidden thoughts and ideas cause maladaptive behaviors in those individuals trying to keep those thoughts away. This is how the cognitive perspective views the onset of abnormality in people.
- A.
False
- B.
True
- 207.The disorder that brings most people to the attention of a psychologist is diagnosed along which axis?
- A.
Axis l
- B.
Axis ll
- 208.Axis III includes ____________________.
- A.
general medical conditions.
- B.
Chronic medical conditions
- 209.Many psychological disorders are really ordinary variations in human behavior taken to an extreme.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 210.The term given to an anxiety that seems to be unrelated to any realistic known factor is ____________________.
- A.
Free floating anxiety.
- B.
Stressor anxiety
- 211.A phobia which literally means "fear of the marketplace" is ____________________.
- A.
Agoraphobia.
- B.
Menophobia
- 212.The psychodynamic model sees anxiety as the result of ____________________.
- A.
Inappropriate urges threatening to surface
- B.
Bad behavior that is not normal
- 213.
- A.
Cognitive
- B.
Dignative
- 214.Another name for a depressive disorder is a mood disorder
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 215.Natasha has severe mood swings. One week she's energetic and excessively happy and then the following week she has a major depressive episode. Natasha may be exhibiting ____________________.
- A.
Bipolar disorder
- B.
Dementia
- 216.There appears to be a slight correlation between bipolar disorder and ADHD in adolescence, although most people with ADHD do not develop bipolar disorder later in life.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 217._______ theorists link depression to learned helplessness.
- A.
Behaviorist
- B.
Sociolist
- 218.Because the term schizophrenia literally means "split mind," it has often been confused with ____________________.
- A.
Schizophrenia
- B.
Dissociative identity disorder
- 219.In this rare type of schizophrenia, it's as if the person has two "speeds:" totally off or totally on.
- A.
Catotonic
- B.
Degrenrative
- 220.Jason has schizophrenia. One of his symptoms is he doesn't cry in sad situations or laugh in funny situations. He shows no emotion. This is known as ____________________.
- A.
Schizophrenic apathy.
- B.
flat affect
- 221.When talking about schizophrenia, a positive symptom is ____________________.
- A.
An excess of normal functions, such as hallucinations and delusions
- B.
Having massive delusions
- 222.Personality disorders are different from other psychological disorders in that personality disorders ____________________.
- A.
Affect the entire life adjustment of the person.
- B.
Have little to no affect on a person
- 223.The individual that is diagnosed with ______ personality disorder usually has very intense and unstable relationships with others
- A.
Paranoid
- B.
Borderline
- 224.A gender difference in personality disorders includes more ____________________.
- A.
Males diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder and more females diagnosed with borderline personality disorder.
- B.
People with split personalities
- 225.The type of therapy where the goal is for patients to better understand the motives behind their actions is ________ therapy.
- A.
insight
- B.
Medical
- 226.In the past, individuals with mental illnesses were often thought to be possessed by the devil or evil spirits.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 227.The first efforts to treat the mentally ill with kindness and guidance occurred in ____________________.
- A.
1976
- B.
1717
- C.
1793
- 228.Early asylums for the mentally ill were more like prisons than "places of safety."
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 229.Don's psychoanalyst believes that if she and Don can correctly interpret the hidden meanings behind the events in Don's dreams they will reveal
- A.
Unconscious conflicts that are causing Don's mental disorders
- B.
The reason why don is having trouble
- 230.Joseph Breuer devised a technique for revealing the unconscious mind. He encouraged his patients to freely say whatever came to their mind. This technique has become known as
- A.
Free association.
- B.
Freeing the mind
- 231.Many modern day psychoanalysts are much more _______ than Freud would have been.
- A.
Directive
- B.
Passive
- 232.According to humanistic therapists, the closer a person's real self and the ______ match, the happier and more well-adjusted that person will be.
- A.
Inner match
- B.
Ideal self
- 233.Gestalt therapy is a(n) ______ therapy perspective.
- A.
Directive
- B.
Passive
- 234.Humanistic therapy can be impractical in the treatment of severe mental disorders where the individual is not very verbally expressive
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 235.An action therapy that is based on the principles of classical and operant conditioning and aimed at changing disordered behaviors is ____________________.
- A.
Behavioral.
- B.
Socialist
- 236.Lauren withdraws from social situations because she does not know how to enter a group conversation. To help her, Lauren's therapist has her watch several videos in which people demonstrate, step-by-step, how to enter conversations, and then Lauren imitates the people in the videos. Lauren's therapist is using a technique called ____________________.
- A.
Modeling.
- B.
Shaping
- 237.The removal of a reinforcer to reduce the frequency of a particular response is called ____________________.
- A.
Negative
- B.
Extinction.
- 238.The role of a humanistic therapist is to get clients to look at and test their beliefs to see how accurate their beliefs really are.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 239.Rational-emotive behavior therapy was developed by ____________________.
- A.
Freud
- B.
Albert Ellis.
- 240.Group therapy does not have permanent leaders. Someone tends to volunteer on a monthly basis to lead the discussion.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 241.Twice a week, Jerry meets for discussion and support with a group of people who, like him, are trying to stay away from using drugs. Jerry's group is not lead by a therapist or counselor. Jerry is participating in ____________________.
- A.
A self-help group
- B.
Group therapy
- 242.Deirdre is having problems with depression following the recent birth of her baby. Her therapist believes Deirdre would gain emotional support and practical coping skills from other women who are also facing postpartum depression. Her therapist is recommending ____________________
- A.
Group therapy
- B.
Self help group
- 243.A therapy style that results from combining elements of several different therapy techniques is called ____________________.
- A.
Eclectic.
- B.
Grouping
- 244.A warm and caring relationship between therapist and client, characterized by empathy and understanding, is called ____________________.
- A.
Helping team
- B.
therapeutic alliance.
- 245.One of the four barriers to effective psychotherapy regarding differing cultures or ethnic backgrounds is ____________________.
- A.
Nonverbal communication.
- B.
Sign lanauage
- 246.A syndrome caused by antipsychotic drugs that causes repetitive involuntary jerks and movements of the face, lips, legs, and body is ____________________.
- A.
Tardive dyskinesia.
- B.
Dementia
- 247.Wayne's doctor has prescribed lithium for his bipolar disorder. Because of the way lithium affects nerve and muscle cells, the doctor cautions Wayne to ____________________.
- A.
Monitor potassium
- B.
Closely monitor sodium in his diet.
- 248.After medication and psychotherapy did not relieve Maria's severe depression, she tried to commit suicide. Maria's doctor suggested she consider undertaking a different biomedical therapy. Which of the following is her doctor most likely to recommend?
- A.
Group help
- B.
Electroconvulsive therapy
- 249.Over the years it has been widely accepted to prescribe antidepressants to relieve depression in children and adolescents
- A.
True
- B.
False
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