Psychology Practice Quiz For Final Exam

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  • 1/249 Questions

    Ruth was in a car accident which resulted in an injury to her head. She cannot remember the events that occurred several hours prior to the accident. Ruth is experiencing ____________________.

    • Retrograde amnesia.
    • Complete amnesia
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About This Quiz

This Psychology practice quiz is designed for final exam preparation, focusing on personality theories. It tests knowledge on key concepts such as Freud's theories, defense mechanisms, and the nature of temperament, assessing understanding through scenario-based questions.

Psychology Practice Quiz For Final Exam - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    The information-processing model assumes that how long a memory will be remembered depends on the stage of memory in which it is stored.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The information-processing model suggests that the duration of memory retention is influenced by the stage of memory in which it is stored. This means that memories stored in different stages of memory (sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory) will have different durations of retention. Therefore, the statement "how long a memory will be remembered depends on the stage of memory in which it is stored" is true according to the information-processing model.

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  • 3. 

    Ryan sees a woman collapse in the mall. He doesn't run over to help her because he assumes there is probably someone else in the crowd who is a doctor or nurse and who can provide better assistance. This is an example of ____________________.

    • Diffusion of responsibility.

    • Being scared to make the wrong move

    Correct Answer
    A. Diffusion of responsibility.
    Explanation
    This scenario exemplifies diffusion of responsibility. Ryan assumes that someone else in the crowd, who is potentially more qualified, will step in to help the woman. This diffusion of responsibility occurs when individuals in a group feel less personally responsible for taking action because they believe someone else will do it. In this case, Ryan's assumption leads him to not take immediate action, potentially delaying the woman's access to assistance.

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  • 4. 

    Personality disorders are different from other psychological disorders in that personality disorders ____________________.

    • Affect the entire life adjustment of the person.

    • Have little to no affect on a person

    Correct Answer
    A. Affect the entire life adjustment of the person.
    Explanation
    Personality disorders are different from other psychological disorders because they have a significant impact on the individual's overall life adjustment. Unlike other psychological disorders that may primarily affect specific areas of functioning, personality disorders can influence various aspects of a person's life, including their relationships, work, and overall well-being. This distinction highlights the pervasive and enduring nature of personality disorders in contrast to other psychological disorders.

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  • 5. 

    A modern term for a form of behavior modification that uses shaping techniques to mold a desired behavior or response is ____________________.

    • Applied behavior analysis.

    • Negative behavior analysis

    Correct Answer
    A. Applied behavior analysis.
    Explanation
    Applied behavior analysis is a modern term for a form of behavior modification that utilizes shaping techniques to shape and mold a desired behavior or response. This approach focuses on analyzing and modifying observable behaviors through the use of positive reinforcement and other techniques. It is widely used in various fields, including education, therapy, and psychology, to help individuals develop new skills and improve their behavior. Negative behavior analysis, on the other hand, does not involve shaping techniques and is not a widely recognized term in the field.

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  • 6. 

    The textbook discusses a study conducted by Pezdek and Hodge (1999) who asked children to read five different summaries of childhood events. Two of these events were false, but only one of the two false events were plausible. The children were all told that all of the events happened to them as small children. The results of this study indicated ____________________.

    • that the plausible false events were significantly more likely to be remembered as false memories than were the implausible false events.

    • They all remembered what their childhood stored

    Correct Answer
    A. that the plausible false events were significantly more likely to be remembered as false memories than were the implausible false events.
    Explanation
    The study conducted by Pezdek and Hodge (1999) found that when children were asked to read summaries of childhood events, the plausible false events were more likely to be remembered as false memories compared to the implausible false events. This suggests that the plausibility of an event plays a significant role in the formation of false memories.

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  • 7. 

    People who are blind from birth, but later have their sight restored, are unlikely to develop ____________________.

    • Depth perception.

    • Color

    Correct Answer
    A. Depth perception.
    Explanation
    When people are blind from birth and later regain their sight, their visual system has not had the opportunity to develop the necessary neural connections and experiences to perceive depth accurately. Depth perception requires the brain to integrate visual information from both eyes and make sense of the relative distances between objects. Since individuals who are blind from birth have not had the chance to develop these neural connections, they are unlikely to fully develop depth perception even after their sight is restored.

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following statements correctly summarizes the results of studies that attempted to verify the existence of ESP?

    • They have been inconsistent, and experiments could not be replicated.

    • Not used very much anymore

    Correct Answer
    A. They have been inconsistent, and experiments could not be replicated.
    Explanation
    The given answer accurately summarizes the results of studies on ESP. It states that these studies have been inconsistent, meaning that different studies have produced different results. Additionally, it mentions that the experiments could not be replicated, implying that the findings could not be consistently reproduced. This suggests that the existence of ESP has not been scientifically proven due to the lack of consistent and replicable results in these studies.

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  • 9. 

    In spite of the loud music and many conversations at the party, Rachel was able to hear her friend say her name. Rachel's ability to hear her name regardless of the background noise is an example of ____________________.

    • Selective attention

    • Selective brain

    Correct Answer
    A. Selective attention
    Explanation
    Rachel's ability to hear her name despite the loud music and conversations at the party indicates that she was able to selectively attend to her friend's voice and filter out the background noise. This demonstrates selective attention, which refers to the brain's ability to focus on specific stimuli while ignoring others.

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  • 10. 

    Natasha has severe mood swings. One week she's energetic and excessively happy and then the following week she has a major depressive episode. Natasha may be exhibiting ____________________.

    • Bipolar disorder

    • Dementia

    Correct Answer
    A. Bipolar disorder
    Explanation
    Natasha's alternating periods of excessive happiness and major depressive episodes suggest that she may be exhibiting bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings, ranging from manic episodes (high energy, euphoria) to depressive episodes (low mood, loss of interest). This explanation aligns with the given symptoms and is supported by the answer choice "bipolar disorder."

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  • 11. 

    Which statement most accurately explains the difference in functioning between the right hemisphere of the brain and the left hemisphere?

    • The right processes information all at once, whereas the left breaks things down into parts

    • They both operate equally together

    Correct Answer
    A. The right processes information all at once, whereas the left breaks things down into parts
    Explanation
    The right hemisphere of the brain processes information holistically, taking in all the information at once and perceiving the whole picture. On the other hand, the left hemisphere analyzes and breaks down information into smaller components, focusing on details and individual parts. This difference in functioning allows the brain to have a balanced approach to processing information, combining the big picture perspective with attention to detail.

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  • 12. 

    In most employment situations, people are paid on a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement rather than on a variable interval schedule of reinforcement.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    In most employment situations, people are paid on a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement. This means that they receive a consistent paycheck at regular intervals, such as weekly or monthly. This provides a predictable and stable source of reinforcement for employees, as they know when they can expect to receive their payment. On the other hand, a variable interval schedule of reinforcement would involve receiving payments at random and unpredictable intervals, which is not typically the case in employment situations.

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  • 13. 

    The second group of rats in Tolman's maze experiment were not reinforced for finding the exit until the tenth day. Once they started getting reinforcement, the rats ____________________.

    • Learned to find the exit almost immediately.

    • Never really learned how to do it

    Correct Answer
    A. Learned to find the exit almost immediately.
    Explanation
    The second group of rats in Tolman's maze experiment were not reinforced for finding the exit until the tenth day. This means that they were not given any rewards or positive reinforcement for their behavior until that point. However, once they started receiving reinforcement, it suggests that they quickly learned to find the exit. This implies that the rats were capable of learning and adapting their behavior based on the reinforcement they received, leading to the conclusion that they learned to find the exit almost immediately.

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  • 14. 

    ________ memory is like a giant filing system in which the "files" are individual bits and pieces of memories stored in a highly organized and interconnected fashion.

    • Longterm

    • Short term

    Correct Answer
    A. Longterm
    Explanation
    Long-term memory is compared to a giant filing system because it stores memories in a highly organized and interconnected manner, similar to how files are stored in a filing system. This implies that long-term memory has a large capacity and can retain information for an extended period of time. In contrast, short-term memory is limited in capacity and holds information temporarily before either being forgotten or transferred to long-term memory.

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  • 15. 

    Cho never feels there is enough time to study, even though she has straight As. She finds it hard to relax because she always feels she should be studying. What personality type is Cho?

    • A

    • B

    Correct Answer
    A. A
    Explanation
    Cho is exhibiting traits of a Type A personality. Type A individuals are often characterized by being highly driven, ambitious, and competitive. They tend to be workaholics and have a constant sense of urgency, feeling like there is never enough time to accomplish everything. Cho's constant need to study and inability to relax suggests that she fits this personality type.

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  • 16. 

    Marginalized individuals do not have the security of the familiar culture of origin and may suffer a loss of ____________________.

    • Indenity

    • Loss

    Correct Answer
    A. Indenity
    Explanation
    Marginalized individuals, who are often excluded or disadvantaged in society, may not have the security and support of their familiar culture of origin. As a result, they may experience a loss of identity. This loss can be attributed to the lack of connection to their cultural roots, traditions, and values, which are essential components of one's identity. Without this sense of belonging and cultural identity, marginalized individuals may struggle to find their place in society and may feel disconnected and alienated.

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  • 17. 

    Joseph Breuer devised a technique for revealing the unconscious mind. He encouraged his patients to freely say whatever came to their mind. This technique has become known as

    • Free association.

    • Freeing the mind

    Correct Answer
    A. Free association.
    Explanation
    Joseph Breuer developed a technique called free association, where he encouraged his patients to express their thoughts and feelings without any censorship or judgment. By allowing patients to freely speak their minds, Breuer aimed to uncover unconscious thoughts and emotions that may be contributing to their psychological issues. This technique has since become known as free association, as it involves the unrestricted and spontaneous expression of thoughts and feelings.

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  • 18. 

    Humanistic therapy can be impractical in the treatment of severe mental disorders where the individual is not very verbally expressive

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Humanistic therapy focuses on the individual's self-awareness, personal growth, and self-actualization. It relies heavily on verbal expression and communication between the therapist and the client. However, in severe mental disorders where the individual is not very verbally expressive, such as in cases of severe psychosis or nonverbal autism, humanistic therapy may not be practical or effective. In these cases, other therapeutic approaches that do not heavily rely on verbal communication may be more suitable.

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  • 19. 

    _____ occurs when a strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus, causing the neutral stimulus to become a second conditioned stimulus.

    • Higher-order conditioning

    • Lower end conditioning

    Correct Answer
    A. Higher-order conditioning
    Explanation
    Higher-order conditioning occurs when a strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus, causing the neutral stimulus to become a second conditioned stimulus. This means that the neutral stimulus, which initially had no effect, now elicits a response similar to the conditioned stimulus. This process demonstrates how conditioning can be extended beyond the initial pairing of a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.

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  • 20. 

    Information that is rehearsed long enough may actually find its way into long-term memory.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    When information is rehearsed or reviewed repeatedly, it has a higher chance of being stored in long-term memory. This is because the process of rehearsal strengthens the connections between neurons, making it easier for the information to be retrieved later on. Therefore, information that is rehearsed long enough is more likely to be retained in long-term memory.

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  • 21. 

    Which of the following is a way of transferring information from short-term memory into long-term memory by making the information meaningful in some way?

    • Elaborative rehearsal

    • Positive impact

    Correct Answer
    A. Elaborative rehearsal
    Explanation
    Elaborative rehearsal is a way of transferring information from short-term memory into long-term memory by making the information meaningful. This involves actively connecting new information to existing knowledge or experiences, which helps to encode the information more deeply and make it easier to retrieve later on. By relating new information to something already known, it becomes more personally relevant and easier to understand, leading to better retention in long-term memory. This process of actively engaging with the information and finding ways to make it meaningful enhances the likelihood of successful transfer from short-term to long-term memory.

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  • 22. 

    Donyelle finds that she performs better on the exams that are given in her regular psychology classroom than in the large lecture room that is used to give midterms and finals to several sections at once. Donyelle's experience illustrates ____________________.

    • The importance of retrieval cues in memory.

    • Importance of memory

    Correct Answer
    A. The importance of retrieval cues in memory.
    Explanation
    Donyelle's experience illustrates the importance of retrieval cues in memory. This means that she is able to recall information more effectively when she is in her regular psychology classroom, which likely provides familiar cues and triggers that help her retrieve information from her memory. In contrast, the large lecture room may lack these retrieval cues, leading to poorer performance on exams. This suggests that the presence of contextual cues can significantly impact memory recall and performance.

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  • 23. 

    Although some researchers have found evidence for a high degree of accuracy in flashbulb memories of major events, others have found that flashbulb memories are just as subject to decay and alterations over time as other kinds of memories.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement suggests that while some researchers have found evidence supporting the accuracy of flashbulb memories of major events, others have found that these memories are just as susceptible to decay and alterations over time as other types of memories. Therefore, the answer "true" implies that flashbulb memories are not immune to the effects of time and may undergo changes and inaccuracies like any other memory.

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  • 24. 

    Many of the "teachers" in the Milgram study followed the commands of the authority figure even though they begged to be allowed to stop.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    In the Milgram study, participants were instructed to administer electric shocks to another person under the authority figure's command. Despite expressing their desire to stop, many of the "teachers" still followed the authority figure's orders. This suggests that individuals have a tendency to obey authority figures, even when it conflicts with their own moral judgments or personal discomfort.

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  • 25. 

    A person who experiences a great deal of subjective discomfort in his or her daily routine or behaviors may be displaying a sign of behavioral abnormality.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement suggests that if a person consistently experiences a high level of subjective discomfort in their daily routine or behaviors, it may indicate a behavioral abnormality. This means that if someone feels a significant amount of distress or discomfort in their everyday activities, it could be a sign that their behavior is abnormal.

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  • 26. 

    There appears to be a slight correlation between bipolar disorder and ADHD in adolescence, although most people with ADHD do not develop bipolar disorder later in life.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    There is a slight correlation between bipolar disorder and ADHD in adolescence. This means that there is a small relationship or connection between these two conditions during the teenage years. However, it is important to note that most individuals with ADHD do not go on to develop bipolar disorder later in life.

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  • 27. 

    ______ is the insertion of a thin, insulated wire into the brain of animals through which an electrical current is sent that destroys the brain cells at the tip of the wire.

    • Deep lesioning

    • Brain Sugery

    Correct Answer
    A. Deep lesioning
    Explanation
    Deep lesioning is the process of inserting a thin, insulated wire into the brain of animals and sending an electrical current through it to destroy the brain cells at the tip of the wire. This technique is used to study the effects of specific brain lesions on behavior and brain function. It allows researchers to selectively target and destroy certain brain regions, providing insights into the functions of those areas. Deep lesioning is a valuable tool in neuroscience research and has contributed to our understanding of the brain and its functions.

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  • 28. 

    These sensory receptors are triggered by chemicals substances.

    • Taste buds

    • The mouth

    Correct Answer
    A. Taste buds
    Explanation
    Taste buds are sensory receptors located on the tongue that are responsible for detecting different tastes. When we eat or drink something, the chemicals in the food or drink interact with the taste buds, triggering a response that allows us to perceive the taste. Therefore, taste buds are indeed triggered by chemical substances, making them the correct answer in this case.

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  • 29. 

    A student in a fourth-grade class keeps talking out of turn, no matter how many times the teacher tells her to stop. Finally, in desperation, the teacher sends the student to the principal's office. This action of sending the student to the principal's office is a form of ____________________.

    • Punishment

    • Corral punishment

    Correct Answer
    A. Punishment
    Explanation
    The action of sending the student to the principal's office is a form of punishment. The teacher has repeatedly told the student to stop talking out of turn, but the student continues to do so. By sending the student to the principal's office, the teacher is imposing a consequence for the student's behavior in an attempt to discourage further disruptions in the classroom.

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  • 30. 

    The mental events that take place inside a person's mind while behaving are known as ____________________.

    • Cognition

    • Recognition

    Correct Answer
    A. Cognition
    Explanation
    Cognition refers to the mental processes and activities that occur within an individual's mind while they are behaving. It involves various aspects such as perception, thinking, memory, problem-solving, and decision-making. These cognitive processes play a crucial role in shaping and influencing an individual's behavior and actions. Therefore, cognition is the correct answer to the question as it accurately defines the mental events that occur in the mind during behavior.

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  • 31. 

    Don's psychoanalyst believes that if she and Don can correctly interpret the hidden meanings behind the events in Don's dreams they will reveal

    • Unconscious conflicts that are causing Don's mental disorders

    • The reason why don is having trouble

    Correct Answer
    A. Unconscious conflicts that are causing Don's mental disorders
    Explanation
    Don's psychoanalyst believes that by correctly interpreting the hidden meanings behind the events in Don's dreams, they will be able to uncover unconscious conflicts that are contributing to Don's mental disorders. These unconscious conflicts may be the underlying reasons behind Don's difficulties and addressing them could potentially help alleviate his mental disorders.

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  • 32. 

    An action therapy that is based on the principles of classical and operant conditioning and aimed at changing disordered behaviors is ____________________.

    • Behavioral.

    • Socialist

    Correct Answer
    A. Behavioral.
    Explanation
    Behavioral therapy is an action therapy that focuses on changing disordered behaviors through the principles of classical and operant conditioning. It aims to modify maladaptive behaviors by reinforcing positive behaviors and eliminating negative ones. This approach emphasizes the role of environmental factors in shaping behavior and seeks to replace unhealthy patterns with more adaptive ones. Therefore, the correct answer is "behavioral."

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  • 33. 

    Lauren withdraws from social situations because she does not know how to enter a group conversation. To help her, Lauren's therapist has her watch several videos in which people demonstrate, step-by-step, how to enter conversations, and then Lauren imitates the people in the videos. Lauren's therapist is using a technique called ____________________.

    • Modeling.

    • Shaping

    Correct Answer
    A. Modeling.
    Explanation
    The therapist is using a technique called modeling. Modeling involves demonstrating a behavior for someone to imitate. In this case, Lauren's therapist has her watch videos where people demonstrate how to enter conversations, and then Lauren imitates their behavior. This technique helps Lauren learn and acquire the necessary skills for entering group conversations.

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  • 34. 

    One of the four barriers to effective psychotherapy regarding differing cultures or ethnic backgrounds is ____________________.

    • Nonverbal communication.

    • Sign lanauage

    Correct Answer
    A. Nonverbal communication.
    Explanation
    Nonverbal communication refers to the exchange of information through gestures, facial expressions, body language, and other nonverbal cues. In the context of psychotherapy, cultural or ethnic differences can affect nonverbal communication, leading to misunderstandings or misinterpretations. Different cultures may have varying norms and meanings attached to nonverbal cues, which can hinder effective communication between the therapist and the client. Therefore, nonverbal communication acts as a barrier to effective psychotherapy when dealing with differing cultures or ethnic backgrounds.

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  • 35. 

    In the "Robber's Cave" study, prejudice was created between two groups of boys at a summer camp by dividing them up into separate housing and keeping them apart during daily activities.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    In the "Robber's Cave" study, prejudice was indeed created between two groups of boys at a summer camp by dividing them up into separate housing and keeping them apart during daily activities. This experiment was conducted by psychologist Muzafer Sherif in 1954 to understand the origins of prejudice and conflict between groups. The study showed that when groups are separated and pitted against each other, they develop negative attitudes and stereotypes towards one another. This demonstrates how social divisions can lead to prejudice and hostility between groups.

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  • 36. 

    Four-year-old Joshua reacts with anxiety to the sound of thunder. A chair slides across the wooden floor making a sound similar to thunder. Joshua reacts with some slight anxiety. This is an example of ____________________.

    • Stimulus generalization

    • Fear

    Correct Answer
    A. Stimulus generalization
    Explanation
    This scenario demonstrates stimulus generalization, where Joshua's anxiety response to the sound of thunder is generalized to a similar sound produced by the sliding chair. This means that Joshua's fear response is not limited to thunder alone, but also extends to other similar stimuli.

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  • 37. 

    An example of biological preparedness is ____________________.

    • When coyotes ate sheep laced with lithium chloride, got extremely sick one time, then stopped eating sheep meat.

    • Getting ready for a final exam

    Correct Answer
    A. When coyotes ate sheep laced with lithium chloride, got extremely sick one time, then stopped eating sheep meat.
    Explanation
    This scenario demonstrates biological preparedness, as the coyotes learned to avoid eating sheep meat after experiencing a negative consequence (getting extremely sick) from consuming sheep laced with lithium chloride. This shows that the coyotes were biologically predisposed to associate the sickness with the sheep meat and developed an aversion to it.

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  • 38. 

    Layla's new puppy keeps chewing the bottoms of her favorite curtains. Now, whenever Layla sees the puppy begin chewing, she turns on a device that makes a continuous loud, annoying sound. She will not turn it off until the puppy stops chewing. Layla is using which technique to change the puppy's behavior?

    • Negative reinforcement

    • Punishment

    Correct Answer
    A. Negative reinforcement
    Explanation
    Layla is using negative reinforcement to change the puppy's behavior. Negative reinforcement involves removing or avoiding an unpleasant stimulus in order to increase the likelihood of a desired behavior. In this case, Layla turns on a device that makes a loud, annoying sound when the puppy starts chewing. The sound serves as an unpleasant stimulus that the puppy wants to avoid, so it learns to stop chewing in order to make the sound stop. By removing the annoying sound when the puppy stops chewing, Layla is reinforcing the desired behavior of not chewing the curtains.

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  • 39. 

    After he was hit in the head with a baseball, Fred was unable to remember things that happened after the accident. He was suffering from ____________________.

    • Anterograde amnesia.

    • Complete amnesia

    Correct Answer
    A. Anterograde amnesia.
    Explanation
    After being hit in the head with a baseball, Fred experienced a loss of memory for events that occurred after the accident. This specific type of memory loss is known as anterograde amnesia. It is characterized by the inability to form new memories or retain information after a traumatic event or injury to the brain. In Fred's case, the accident caused damage to his brain, resulting in his inability to remember anything that occurred following the incident.

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  • 40. 

    In the past, individuals with mental illnesses were often thought to be possessed by the devil or evil spirits.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    In the past, individuals with mental illnesses were often misunderstood and attributed their conditions to supernatural causes like being possessed by the devil or evil spirits. This belief was prevalent due to the lack of understanding and knowledge about mental health. It led to stigmatization and mistreatment of people with mental illnesses, as they were often subjected to exorcisms or other harmful practices. Thankfully, as our understanding of mental health has evolved, we now recognize that mental illnesses are medical conditions that require proper diagnosis and treatment.

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  • 41. 

    Early asylums for the mentally ill were more like prisons than "places of safety."

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Early asylums for the mentally ill were often characterized by harsh and oppressive conditions, resembling prisons rather than places of safety. Patients were often subjected to neglect, abuse, and confinement, with little regard for their well-being or treatment. These institutions lacked proper medical care and therapeutic approaches, leading to further deterioration of the patients' mental health. The true statement reflects the historical reality of early asylums, highlighting the need for significant reforms in the treatment of mentally ill individuals.

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  • 42. 

    Marco's mom gives him a treat every night after dinner when he picks up his plate and places it in the dishwasher. Marco's mom uses

    • Continuous reinforcement.

    • Partial reinforcement.

    Correct Answer
    A. Continuous reinforcement.
    Explanation
    Marco's mom giving him a treat every night after dinner when he picks up his plate and places it in the dishwasher indicates that she is consistently reinforcing his behavior. Continuous reinforcement involves providing a reward or reinforcement every time a desired behavior is performed. In this case, Marco's mom is reinforcing his behavior of picking up his plate and placing it in the dishwasher by giving him a treat every night. This consistent reinforcement increases the likelihood that Marco will continue to exhibit this behavior in the future.

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  • 43. 

    Kohler's idea of animal insight was controversial because other researchers, like Thorndike, did not believe that animals demonstrated that trait.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Kohler's idea of animal insight was controversial because it contradicted the belief held by other researchers, such as Thorndike, who did not think that animals were capable of demonstrating that trait. This disagreement among researchers led to a debate and controversy surrounding Kohler's concept of animal insight.

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  • 44. 

    As new memories are created in long-term memory, old memories are more likely to be changed or altered in some way

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    As new memories are formed and stored in long-term memory, they can potentially interact with and modify existing memories. This is because the process of encoding new information can sometimes lead to the reorganization or reconsolidation of previously stored memories. Additionally, the retrieval of memories can be influenced by new information, leading to potential alterations or updates to the original memory trace. Therefore, it is true that as new memories are created in long-term memory, old memories are more likely to be changed or altered in some way.

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  • 45. 

    Which theorists believes the individual who is experiencing magnification tends to exaggerate all the negative experiences in his or her life?

    • Cognitive

    • Dignative

    Correct Answer
    A. Cognitive
    Explanation
    Cognitive theorists believe that individuals experiencing magnification tend to exaggerate all the negative experiences in their life. This is because cognitive theorists focus on how individuals perceive and interpret information, and magnification is a cognitive distortion where negative events or experiences are blown out of proportion. Cognitive theorists believe that these exaggerated negative thoughts and beliefs can contribute to the development and maintenance of mental health issues such as anxiety and depression.

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  • 46. 

    The process of objectively examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities is known as ____________________.

    • Objective introspection.

    • Mental process

    Correct Answer
    A. Objective introspection.
    Explanation
    Objective introspection is the correct answer because it refers to the process of examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities in an unbiased and impartial manner. It involves observing and analyzing one's thoughts, emotions, and sensations without any personal biases or preconceived notions. This process allows individuals to gain insight into their own cognitive processes and understand the underlying mechanisms of their mental activities.

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  • 47. 

    ________ suggests that behavioral responses are reinforced when rewarded with pleasurable consequences.

    • Operant conditioning

    • Convalent conditioning

    Correct Answer
    A. Operant conditioning
    Explanation
    Operant conditioning suggests that behavioral responses are reinforced when rewarded with pleasurable consequences. This means that when individuals receive positive reinforcement for a behavior, they are more likely to repeat that behavior in the future. This form of conditioning focuses on the relationship between behavior and its consequences, emphasizing the role of rewards in shaping and maintaining behavior.

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  • 48. 

    Dara tends to have motion sickness while spinning around during her gymnastics routine. Her teacher advises her that she can avoid this problem by ____________________.

    • Focusing her eyes on a distant fixed object.

    • Closing her eyes

    Correct Answer
    A. Focusing her eyes on a distant fixed object.
    Explanation
    Focusing her eyes on a distant fixed object can help Dara avoid motion sickness while spinning around during her gymnastics routine. This is because when the eyes are fixed on a stationary point, it provides a stable reference frame for the brain, reducing the conflicting signals it receives from the inner ear and visual system. By maintaining a visual anchor, Dara's brain can better adjust to the spinning motion, reducing the likelihood of motion sickness.

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  • 49. 

    Erik solved a crossword puzzle on Monday. By Thursday, he could not remember the words in the puzzle. On Thursday night when he was playing a word game with his best friend, however, he unconsciously used words that were in the puzzle. Erik's experience is an example of ____________________.

    • implicit memory.

    • Explicit memory

    Correct Answer
    A. implicit memory.
    Explanation
    Erik's experience of unconsciously using words from the crossword puzzle during the word game suggests that he has retained the information in his memory, even though he was not consciously aware of it. This is characteristic of implicit memory, which refers to the unconscious retrieval of previously learned information. Explicit memory, on the other hand, involves the conscious recollection of facts or events, which is not demonstrated in Erik's situation.

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  • Feb 07, 2025
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