Psychology Exam: Memory, Thinking, Intelligence And Language
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Quizzing myself before my psychology exam
- 1.
- A.
Personal memory
- B.
Short-term memory
- C.
Long-term memory
- D.
Sensory memory
- 2.Short-term memory has a ________ capacity than sensory memory and a ________ duration.
- A.
More limited; longer
- B.
Less limited; longer
- C.
Larger; shorter
- D.
More limited; shorter
- 3.
- A.
Abstract concepts; large knowledge structures
- B.
Neural connections; large knowledge structures
- C.
Parallel concepts; electrical impulses
- D.
Concurrent concepts; nodes of information
- 4.
- A.
Shallow level
- B.
Intermediate level
- C.
Personal level
- D.
Deep level
- 5.One of the most effective ways to make our memories distinctive is to use mental
- A.
Cues.
- B.
Rehearsal.
- C.
Imagery.
- D.
Concentration.
- 6.The extensiveness of processing informationat a given level is called
- A.
Scope of processing.
- B.
Depth of processing.
- C.
Span of memory.
- D.
Elaboration.
- 7.Memory is the _________ of information or experience over a period of time.
- A.
Rehearsal
- B.
Intake
- C.
Association
- D.
Retention
- 8.When we take in information in the course of daily life, such as the words and diagrams presented during a lecture, we are using the memory process of
- A.
Retention
- B.
Encoding
- C.
Fixation
- D.
Retrieval
- 9.The three processes of memory are encoding, ________, and retrieval.
- A.
Rehearsal
- B.
Storage
- C.
Recollection
- D.
Fixation
- 10.A relatively permanent type of memory that stores a huge amount of information for a long time is known as your
- A.
Personal memory
- B.
Sensory memory
- C.
Long-term memory
- D.
Short-term memory
- 11.A person's knowledge about the world is also know as their
- A.
Semantic memory
- B.
Implicit memory
- C.
Consciousness
- D.
Sonomatic memory
- 12.A preexisting mental framework or concept that helps people organize and interperet information is called a(n)
- A.
Schema
- B.
Script
- C.
Implicit memory
- D.
Heuristic
- 13.Memory in which behavior is affected by prior experience without a recollection of that experience is known as
- A.
Short-term memory
- B.
Explicit memory
- C.
Sensory memory
- D.
Implicit memory
- 14.The memory process that occurs when information that was retained in memory storage comes out is called _______.
- A.
Retention
- B.
Retrieval
- C.
Storage
- D.
Encoding
- 15.A schema for an event often containing info about physical features people and typical occurences is called a _____________.
- A.
Schema
- B.
Script
- C.
Memory
- D.
Heuristic
- 16.In her research, Professor Kyoto seeks to identify circumstances in which confirmation bias is especially likely to impede effective problem solving. Which specialty area does her research best represent?
- A.
Biological psychology
- B.
Developmental psychology
- C.
Cognitive psychology
- D.
Humanistic psychology
- 17.According to the semantic/associate model proposed by Collins and Quillian, which memory concept is most likely to be activated when the person thinks about the concept “robin”?
- A.
Eats worms
- B.
Is an animal
- C.
Has skin
- D.
Breathes air
- 18.Pigeons can reliably discriminate pictures of cars from pictures of chairs. This best illustrates their capacity to develop:
- A.
Concepts
- B.
Syntax
- C.
Heuristics
- D.
Pragmatics
- 19.When Janet sees a coffee mug, a tall juice glass, and a short whiskey glass, she probably categorizes all these objects together as the ___ of "cup".
- A.
Concept
- B.
Phoneme
- C.
Syllogism
- D.
Mental set (Einstellung set)
- 20.Prototype is to category as ____ is to ____.
- A.
Wheel; car
- B.
Milk; beverage
- C.
Waiter; retaurant
- D.
Comedian; laughter
- 21.Kendra only classifies an animal as a fish if it swims, lays eggs, and has gills. She considers these necessary traits that all fish must have. In this case, Kendra’s classification method uses
- A.
Family resemblance
- B.
Prototypes
- C.
Exemplars
- D.
Defining features
- 22.What type of prototype of tree is a person living in Iowa likely to have?
- A.
Palm tree
- B.
Pine tree
- C.
Dead tree
- D.
Roots
- 23.Arnold had difficulty recognizing that bullfighting was a sport because it failed to resemble his ________ of a sport.
- A.
Phoneme
- B.
Prototype
- C.
Algorithm
- D.
Mental
- 24.We more quickly recognize that a blue jay is a bird than that a penguin is a bird because a blue jay more closely resembles our________ of a bird.
- A.
Heuristic
- B.
Prototype
- C.
Algorithm
- D.
Phoneme
- 25.If you have never seen a Chihuahua, but you have seen somewhat similar types of dog breeds, such as rat terriers and miniature Pinschers, which theory would better predict your ability to correctly identify a Chihuahua as a “dog”?
- A.
Morphological rules
- B.
Prototype theory
- C.
Phenotypic theory
- D.
Exemplar theory
- 26.Aramis is taking a statistics exam. He knows that he has to calculate a standard deviation for the third problem, but he isn’t sure which numbers to use for the calculations. According to the IDEAL steps for problem solving, Aramis would be in:
- A.
Identification
- B.
Exploration
- C.
Action
- D.
Definition
- 27.In attempting to find and purchase high-quality cosmetics, Megan reminds herself that the most expensive brands are the best. Megan’s self-reminder illustrates the use of:
- A.
An algorithm
- B.
A heuristic
- C.
The framing effect
- D.
Functional fixedness
- 28.To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of:
- A.
The availability heuristic
- B.
Functional fixedness
- C.
An algorithm
- D.
The representativeness heuristic
- 29.Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates:
- A.
Functional fixedness
- B.
The framing effect
- C.
A mental set
- D.
Twisted belief
- 30.
- A.
Convergent thinking
- B.
The use of ecemplars
- C.
Overcoming functional fixedness
- D.
Analogical reasoning
- 31.The easier it is for people to remember an instance in which they were betrayed by a friend, the more they expect such an event to recur. This best illustrates the impact of:
- A.
The heuristic principle
- B.
The example principle
- C.
Analogical problem solving
- D.
Means-end analysis
- 32.
- A.
Functional Fixedness
- B.
Representativeness heuristics
- C.
Belief perseverance
- D.
Language acquisition device
- 33.You visit your academic advisor because you have to pick a major, but you have no idea what you want to do in life. She asks you to define your goals, list the subjects you excel in and your interests. By the end of the meeting you and your advisor have successfully gone through several steps in the process of choosing a major and you feel confident in your choice: Psychology! What method best describes your problem solving process?
- A.
Syllogistic reasoning
- B.
The heuristic principle
- C.
The example principle
- D.
Means-end analysis
- 34.
- A.
Syllogistic reasoning
- B.
Means-end analysis
- C.
Predictive reasoning
- D.
Analoical reasoning
- 35.The word “chimps” contains ________ phoneme(s) and ________ morpheme(s).
- A.
5; 2
- B.
6; 1
- C.
2; 5
- D.
1; 6
- 36.Native German speakers who pronounce the English world “this” as “dis” are demonstrating their difficulty with an English:
- A.
Phoneme
- B.
Morpheme
- C.
Prototype
- D.
Polished structure
- 37.When you add s to the word apple you are referring to more than one apple. This illustrates an English language rule of:
- A.
Syntax
- B.
Semantics
- C.
Pragmantics
- D.
Telegraphics
- 38.In the English language, adjectives are typically placed before nouns as in “green car.” This illustrates an English language rule of:
- A.
Semantics
- B.
Algorithms
- C.
Syntax
- D.
Phonology
- 39.Which language theorist would have been most likely to emphasize that children master the rule for forming the past tense of regular verbs like “push” before they learn common past tense constructions of irregular verbs like “go”?
- A.
Skinner
- B.
Whorf
- C.
Tversky
- D.
Chomsky
- 40.The fact that children speak with an accent that is similar to that of their peers is best explained by ________ theory of language acquisition.
- A.
Skinner's
- B.
Chomsky's
- C.
Whorf's
- D.
Tversky's
- 41.Shortcut strategies or guidelines that suggest a solution to a problem but do not guarantee an answer are things called:
- A.
Cognitions
- B.
Hindsight bias
- C.
Algorithms
- D.
Heuristics
- 42.Strategies including formulas and instructions and the testing of all possible solutions that guarantee a solution to a problem are strategies called
- A.
Heuristics
- B.
Cognitions
- C.
Algorithms
- D.
Hindsight Bias
- 43.Our tendency to report falsely, after the fact that we accurately preficted an outcome
- A.
Hindsight bias
- B.
Cognition
- C.
Algorithm
- D.
Heuristic
- 44.Remembering information about doing something in the future is known as
- A.
Retrospective memory
- B.
Prospective memory
- C.
Implicit memory
- D.
Explicit memory
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