Psych 135 UCLA Social Psych Shapiro Ch 12/13/7

1. Group

The mere presence of others is sufficient to produce the effects

Audiences produce arousal because they are a source of evaluation

A concern about how one appears in the eyes of others - that is, about being evaluated

B - social facilitation (cockroach experiment)
C - Zajonc's theory
D - Cottrell's theory
E - evaluation apprehension

Explanation

B - social facilitation (cockroach experiment)
C - Zajonc's theory
D - Cottrell's theory
E - evaluation apprehension

2. Social loafing

Division of labor - combine contributions of several individuals/see and correct individual erros

Make sure each person's work is identifiable/make the task personally meaningful

A - when groups produce better outcomes
C - reduce social loafing

Explanation

A - when groups produce better outcomes
C - reduce social loafing

3. Transformational leadership

Leadership that changes the motivations, outlooks,m and behaviors of followers enabling the group to reach its goals better

Can make drastic difference in performance (Asian women experiment)

A - conformity seeking
C - situational nature

Explanation

A - conformity seeking
C - situational nature

4. Communal sharing

A form of exchange in which goods are divided according to a person's status in the group

A form of exchange in which each person gets the same as the others

A form of exchange in which everyone gets out of proportion to what they put in

B - authority ranking
C - equality matching
D - market pricing

Explanation

B - authority ranking
C - equality matching
D - market pricing

5. Role

A ranking of group members by their power and influence over other members

The pattern of information flow through a group

Expectation held by the group for how members in a particular position ought to behave

The strength of bonds between group members

A - status hierarchy
B - communication network
C - cohesiveness

Explanation

A - status hierarchy
B - communication network
C - cohesiveness

6. Transactive memory

Occurs when opinion minorities persuade others of their views

B - group polarization
C - minority influence
D - groupthink

Explanation

B - group polarization
C - minority influence
D - groupthink

7. The process of losing one's sense of personal identity, which makes it easier to behave in way inconsistent with one's normal values

Deindividuation refers to the process of losing one's sense of personal identity, which in turn makes it easier for individuals to behave in ways that are inconsistent with their normal values. This phenomenon occurs in situations where individuals feel anonymous or part of a large group, leading to a decrease in self-awareness and a reduced sense of personal responsibility. As a result, individuals may engage in behaviors that they would not typically engage in, as the loss of personal identity diminishes the fear of social consequences or judgment.

Explanation

Deindividuation refers to the process of losing one's sense of personal identity, which in turn makes it easier for individuals to behave in ways that are inconsistent with their normal values. This phenomenon occurs in situations where individuals feel anonymous or part of a large group, leading to a decrease in self-awareness and a reduced sense of personal responsibility. As a result, individuals may engage in behaviors that they would not typically engage in, as the loss of personal identity diminishes the fear of social consequences or judgment.

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8. Physical Anonymity

The larger the crowd, the more likely members will lose self-awareness

Hoods, tops of cars up, masks

Lots of noise, chanting, clapping

A - group size
C - arousing and distracting activities
*** situations that foster anonymity and draw attention away from the individual (encourage de-individuation)

Explanation

A - group size
C - arousing and distracting activities
*** situations that foster anonymity and draw attention away from the individual (encourage de-individuation)

9. Proximity-attraction principle

Assets that can be drawn from one's network of personal relationships

The tendency to feel positively toward people, places, or things we have seen frequently

The tendency to become friends with those who live or work nearby

B - mere exposure effect

Explanation

B - mere exposure effect