Enlightenment And Enlightenment Philosophers

Natural rights refer to the fundamental rights that every individual possesses inherently, regardless of any government or societal recognition. These rights include the right to life, liberty, and property. The concept of natural rights suggests that these rights are not granted by any authority but are instead derived from human nature itself. Therefore, the given answer "natural rights" accurately represents the concept of life, liberty, and property as fundamental rights that all individuals possess.

During the Middle Ages, people heavily relied on God and the church to provide explanations for the world around them. This was a time when religious beliefs and practices were deeply ingrained in society, and the church held significant power and influence. People sought answers to questions about natural phenomena, events, and even their own existence through religious teachings and interpretations. The church provided explanations for various aspects of life, such as the creation of the universe, the purpose of human existence, and the occurrence of natural disasters. Therefore, it is true that during the Middle Ages, people looked to God and the church for explanations.

The correct answer is "Intellectual movement emphasizing the use of reason and logic." During the Enlightenment period, thinkers and philosophers emphasized the importance of reason and logic in understanding the world and solving societal problems. They believed in the power of human intellect to challenge traditional beliefs and institutions, leading to progress in various fields such as science, politics, and philosophy. This movement promoted critical thinking, skepticism, and the pursuit of knowledge through observation and rational analysis.

John Locke believed that natural rights of life, liberty, and property are given by God. This means that these rights are inherent to all individuals and cannot be taken away by any government or authority. Locke argued that these rights are fundamental and should be protected by the government, and if the government fails to do so, the people have the right to overthrow it. This belief in natural rights and limited government influenced the development of democratic principles and the concept of individual rights in Western political thought.

The correct answer is Social Contract Theory. Social Contract Theory is the idea that individuals willingly give up some of their freedoms in exchange for the government's protection of their natural rights. It suggests that if the government fails to protect these rights, individuals have the right to overthrow the government.

The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement that emphasized the power of reason, logic, and challenging traditional thought. It advocated for the empowerment of the common man and questioned the absolute authority of monarchs. Therefore, the idea that power should be solely in the hands of kings goes against the principles of the Enlightenment, making it the exception among the given themes.

Montesquieu is known for his theory of separation of powers, which suggests that the powers of government should be divided into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. This division ensures a system of checks and balances, where each branch has its own powers and can check the actions of the other branches. Absolute monarchy, on the other hand, is a form of government where the monarch holds absolute power and is not applicable to Montesquieu's ideas. Therefore, the correct answers are 3 branches of government, checks and balances, and separation of powers.

Wollstonecraft believed in democracy, as she advocated for the idea that people should have a say in their own governance. She also believed in equal rights for women, as she argued for the importance of women having the same opportunities and freedoms as men.

During the Age of Reason, the Printing Press contributed to the changing view of man by facilitating the spread of knowledge and ideas, allowing for the dissemination of new perspectives and challenging traditional beliefs. Martin Luther and the Reformation also played a role, as Luther's ideas of individual interpretation of the Bible and the rejection of papal authority empowered individuals to question established authority and think for themselves. Additionally, art that focused on the beauty and competence of man reflected a shift in the perception of human potential and the celebration of human achievements, further contributing to the changing view of man.