Evidence Based Practice Exams Prep Test

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About This Quiz

Prepare for evidence-based practice exams with this focused test, assessing key skills in qualitative research. Ideal for students in health sciences, enhancing critical analysis and application abilities in real-world scenarios.

Practice Exam Quizzes & Trivia

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  • 2. 

    Measures that occupational therapists use can include

    • Client response (interview/survey results)

    • Standard measures, tests, inventories

    • Observations

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Occupational therapists use a variety of measures to assess their clients' progress and needs. These measures can include client responses, such as interviews or surveys, which provide valuable insights into the client's experiences and perspectives. Additionally, occupational therapists may use standard measures, tests, and inventories that have been validated and widely used in the field to gather objective data about the client's abilities and challenges. Lastly, observations play a crucial role in understanding the client's performance in real-life situations and environments. Therefore, "all of the above" accurately reflects the different measures that occupational therapists use in their practice.

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  • 3. 

    Which of the following is a data collection method

    • Structured interviews

    • Semi-structured interviews

    • In-depth interviews

    • Focus groups

    • Observational methods

    • All the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All the above
    Explanation
    All the options listed (structured interviews, semi-structured interviews, in-depth interviews, focus groups, and observational methods) are data collection methods commonly used in research. Structured interviews involve a predetermined set of questions, while semi-structured interviews allow for some flexibility in questioning. In-depth interviews involve open-ended questions to gather detailed information. Focus groups involve a group discussion on a specific topic. Observational methods involve directly observing and recording behaviors or events. Therefore, the correct answer is "All the above" as all of these methods are used to collect data in research.

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  • 4. 

    OT practitioners can utilize evidence-based outcomes measures to:

    • Establish a baseline

    • Contribute to the client's (client-centered) care plan

    • Monitor progress

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    OT practitioners can utilize evidence-based outcomes measures to establish a baseline by assessing the client's current level of functioning. This baseline helps in understanding the client's starting point and can be used as a reference for measuring progress. These measures also contribute to the client's care plan by providing objective data that guides the development of interventions and goals. Additionally, using outcomes measures allows practitioners to monitor progress over time, enabling them to make adjustments to the intervention plan as needed. Therefore, all of the given options are correct explanations for why OT practitioners can utilize evidence-based outcomes measures.

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  • 5. 

    Which of the following is part of the criteria for judging trustworthiness?

    • Credibility - internal validity

    • Transferability - external validity

    • Dependability - reliability

    • Conformability - objectivity

    • All the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All the above." All of the mentioned criteria - credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability - are part of judging trustworthiness. Credibility refers to the internal validity of the information or research, while transferability relates to its external validity. Dependability focuses on the reliability of the findings, and conformability emphasizes objectivity. Considering all of these criteria is essential in determining the trustworthiness of the information or research.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following is correct regarding Dependability (Reliability)

    • Methods of data gathering, analysis, and interpretation must be described

    • Aspects are: Auditability, Stepwise replication, & Code-recode procedure

    • Dependability - Triangulation

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All of the above". This means that all of the statements mentioned in the options are correct regarding Dependability (Reliability). The methods of data gathering, analysis, and interpretation must be described, the aspects of auditability, stepwise replication, and code-recode procedure are important, and triangulation is a method used to enhance dependability.

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  • 7. 

    Use, without proper acknowledgement, of the ideas, phrases, sentences, or larger units of discourse from another writer or speaker is a definition of:

    • Paraphrasing

    • Content validity

    • Citation

    • Plagiarism

    Correct Answer
    A. Plagiarism
    Explanation
    Plagiarism is the act of using someone else's ideas, words, or work without giving proper credit or acknowledgement. It involves copying or paraphrasing someone else's work and presenting it as one's own. This can include using phrases, sentences, or larger units of discourse without proper citation or acknowledgement. Plagiarism is considered a serious academic offense and is unethical.

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  • 8. 

    Surveys are quantitative research methodology only

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Surveys are not limited to quantitative research methodology only. While surveys are commonly used to collect quantitative data through structured questionnaires, they can also be used to collect qualitative data through open-ended questions or interviews. Surveys can be designed to gather both quantitative and qualitative information, making them a versatile research tool. Therefore, the statement that surveys are quantitative research methodology only is incorrect.

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  • 9. 

    Method of subject selection and assignment designed to reduce the risk of systematic bias

    • Manipulation

    • Randomization

    • Control

    • Beatification

    Correct Answer
    A. Randomization
    Explanation
    Randomization is the correct answer because it refers to the method of subject selection and assignment that is designed to reduce the risk of systematic bias. Randomization involves randomly assigning subjects to different groups or conditions, ensuring that each subject has an equal chance of being assigned to any group. This helps to eliminate any potential bias or confounding factors that could influence the results of the study. By randomly assigning subjects, researchers can increase the internal validity of their findings and make more accurate conclusions about cause and effect relationships.

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  • 10. 

    Evidence-based practice is comprised of all of these components EXCEPT

    • Client values, goals, beliefs

    • Salary caps

    • Practitioner expertise

    • Best evidence

    Correct Answer
    A. Salary caps
    Explanation
    Evidence-based practice involves considering client values, goals, and beliefs, practitioner expertise, and the best available evidence to inform decision-making and treatment. Salary caps, on the other hand, are unrelated to the components of evidence-based practice. They are policies that limit the maximum amount of salary that can be earned by an individual, usually in a specific profession or industry. Therefore, salary caps are not a component of evidence-based practice.

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  • 11. 

    You can have both descriptive and inferential analyses of all for types of data

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Both descriptive and inferential analyses can be applied to all four types of data: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Descriptive analysis involves summarizing and describing the characteristics of the data, such as measures of central tendency and variability. On the other hand, inferential analysis involves making inferences and drawing conclusions about a population based on a sample of data. Both types of analyses are applicable to all types of data, regardless of their level of measurement.

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  • 12. 

    Regression analysis allows for predictive indicators to be identified

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Regression analysis is a statistical technique used to examine the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. It helps in predicting future values or outcomes based on the identified patterns or relationships in the data. By analyzing the data and identifying the significant predictors, regression analysis allows for the identification of predictive indicators. Therefore, the statement "Regression analysis allows for predictive indicators to be identified" is true.

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  • 13. 

    Select the ones that pertain to the analysis of data

    • Read all the narratives

    • Extract significant statements

    • Create meanings by coding repetitive issues

    • Aggregate issues into clusters of themes

    • Write an exhaustive description

    • Determine similar concepts

    • Return to subjects for validation as necessary

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Read all the narratives
    A. Extract significant statements
    A. Create meanings by coding repetitive issues
    A. Aggregate issues into clusters of themes
    A. Write an exhaustive description
    A. Determine similar concepts
    A. Return to subjects for validation as necessary
    Explanation
    This answer is correct because it includes all the steps involved in the analysis of data. Reading all the narratives allows for a comprehensive understanding of the data. Extracting significant statements helps in identifying key information. Creating meanings by coding repetitive issues helps in categorizing and organizing the data. Aggregating issues into clusters of themes helps in identifying patterns and trends. Writing an exhaustive description ensures a thorough documentation of the findings. Determining similar concepts helps in making connections between different pieces of data. Returning to subjects for validation ensures the accuracy and reliability of the analysis.

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  • 14. 

    In the acronym "PICO," the "I" means:

    • Population

    • Intervention

    • Interpretation

    • Interest group

    Correct Answer
    A. Intervention
    Explanation
    In the acronym "PICO," the "I" stands for Intervention. This means that in the context of research or evidence-based practice, the "I" refers to the specific treatment, therapy, or action being implemented or studied. The PICO framework is commonly used to formulate research questions and guide the search for relevant evidence. It helps to identify the population or problem of interest, specify the intervention or treatment being considered, outline the comparison or alternative being examined, and determine the desired outcome or endpoint.

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  • 15. 

    Book titles and journal titles (not article titles) should be italicized in APA format

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    In APA format, book titles and journal titles (not article titles) should be italicized. This is because italicizing these titles helps to distinguish them from the rest of the text and makes them stand out. Italicizing book and journal titles is a formatting convention used in APA style to ensure consistency and clarity in academic writing.

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  • 16. 

    Although EBP is promoted as a concept, in reality it is impossible to actually employ it in the clinic

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The statement is false because while it may be challenging to fully implement evidence-based practice (EBP) in the clinic, it is not impossible. EBP involves integrating the best available evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to make informed decisions about patient care. While there may be barriers such as limited resources or time constraints, healthcare professionals can still strive to incorporate EBP principles into their practice by staying updated with current research, critically appraising evidence, and involving patients in decision-making processes.

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  • 17. 

    The component which allows the researcher to say that the results are due to manipulation of variables and not due to chance interferences of other variables best describes the feature of:

    • Substance

    • Stamina

    • Practice

    • Control

    Correct Answer
    A. Control
    Explanation
    Control is the correct answer because it refers to the component that allows the researcher to manipulate variables and eliminate the influence of other variables that could interfere with the results. By having control over the variables, the researcher can attribute any observed effects or outcomes to the manipulated variables rather than chance or other external factors. This ensures that the results are reliable and valid, allowing for accurate conclusions to be drawn from the research.

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  • 18. 

    Parametric tests are appropriate in instances where the sample is randomly selected

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Parametric tests are statistical tests that make assumptions about the population distribution. One important assumption is that the sample is randomly selected from the population. When the sample is randomly selected, it is more likely to be representative of the population, which allows for the generalization of the results to the larger population. Therefore, parametric tests are appropriate in instances where the sample is randomly selected.

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  • 19. 

    Sample size is determined by saturation

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Saturation refers to the point at which new information or data no longer provides additional insights or knowledge. In research, when saturation is reached, it means that collecting more data or increasing the sample size will not lead to any new findings or understanding. Therefore, the statement "Sample size is determined by saturation" is true because the sample size should be determined based on when saturation is achieved, indicating that sufficient data has been collected to answer the research question adequately.

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  • 20. 

    Subject performs better on later tests simply because they have learned the material on the test rather than because of the experimental intervention is

    • A threat to validity: replication

    • A threat to reliability: subject learning

    • A threat to reliability: subject ability

    • A threat to validity: subject ability

    Correct Answer
    A. A threat to reliability: subject learning
    Explanation
    This answer suggests that the subject's improved performance on later tests is due to their own learning of the material, rather than any experimental intervention. This poses a threat to the reliability of the results because it suggests that the subject's ability to learn may be a confounding factor that affects the consistency and accuracy of the results.

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  • 21. 

    Once an intervention is found that is based upon the evidence (i.e. EBP), that approach to a client will never change. You will always use that specific intervention forever after

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    This statement is false. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an approach that involves integrating the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values to make decisions about client care. EBP encourages clinicians to continually update their knowledge and skills based on new evidence and advancements in the field. Therefore, interventions based on EBP may change over time as new research emerges and new approaches are developed.

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  • 22. 

    The ability to apply the results of one study to another group of a similar population/similar characteristics is a feature of

    • Reliability factor

    • Generalizability

    • Dependability

    • Conceptualization

    Correct Answer
    A. Generalizability
    Explanation
    Generalizability refers to the extent to which the findings of a study can be applied to a larger population or different settings. It is the ability to generalize the results from a specific sample to a broader population with similar characteristics. This means that if a study has high generalizability, its findings can be considered applicable and relevant to other groups or populations beyond the specific sample that was studied. Therefore, generalizability is the correct answer as it accurately describes the ability to apply the results of one study to another group with similar characteristics.

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  • 23. 

    High-quality systematic reviews are considered to be at what level of evidence?

    • Level I

    • Level II

    • Level III

    • Level IV

    Correct Answer
    A. Level I
    Explanation
    High-quality systematic reviews are considered to be at Level I of evidence because they are based on a comprehensive and rigorous synthesis of multiple studies. Systematic reviews involve a thorough search and evaluation of all relevant studies on a specific topic, and the findings are then analyzed and summarized to provide the highest level of evidence. Level I evidence is considered the most reliable and informative in guiding clinical decision-making and healthcare practices.

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  • 24. 

    Expert opinion is considered to be at what level of evidence?

    • Level II

    • Level III

    • Level IV

    • Level V

    Correct Answer
    A. Level V
  • 25. 

    You are conducting a research project that includes goniometric measures of upper extremity ROM. Your participants are adults who have had a stroke and have a resultant hemiplegia. Your intervention is e-stim to facilitate movement. In this example, the intervention of e-stim would be considered the:

    • The outcome measure

    • The independent variable

    • The dependent variable

    • Validity threat

    Correct Answer
    A. The independent variable
    Explanation
    In this research project, the independent variable refers to the intervention being tested, which is e-stim to facilitate movement. The researcher is studying the effects of this intervention on the participants with stroke and hemiplegia. The independent variable is manipulated by the researcher and is expected to have an effect on the dependent variable, which in this case could be the goniometric measures of upper extremity ROM. Therefore, the correct answer is the independent variable.

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  • 26. 

    You are writing a paper for one of your classes and you found a reference for an article that you would like to quote. You provide the in text quote and citation but are not sure how to cite the reference in the "Reference" section of your paper. The best course of action in determining the appropriate reference citation is:

    • Consult that APA manual to determine the appropriate format

    • Stop by Dr. Novalis office and ask her

    • Use the app that automatically provides the APA citation

    • Ask a classmate or a second year OT student

    Correct Answer
    A. Consult that APA manual to determine the appropriate format
    Explanation
    The best course of action in determining the appropriate reference citation is to consult the APA manual to determine the appropriate format. The APA manual is a reliable and authoritative source that provides guidelines for formatting citations in academic papers. It ensures that the citation follows the correct format and includes all the necessary information. By referring to the APA manual, the writer can ensure that their citation is accurate and meets the requirements of their paper.

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  • 27. 

    Select all that apply to the use of Qualitative Research

    • To learn the terms or words in common use to write a survey questionnaire - How do upper extremity amputation patients describe their participation challenges?

    • To validate quantitative research of provide a different perspective on the same phenomena - A quantitative study indicates that a majority of stroke patients do not take their blood pressure medications regularly; Qualitative Study -> Why has there been poor compliance with blood pressure medication in stroke patients?

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. To learn the terms or words in common use to write a survey questionnaire - How do upper extremity amputation patients describe their participation challenges?
    A. To validate quantitative research of provide a different perspective on the same phenomena - A quantitative study indicates that a majority of stroke patients do not take their blood pressure medications regularly; Qualitative Study -> Why has there been poor compliance with blood pressure medication in stroke patients?
    Explanation
    Qualitative research can be used to learn the terms or words commonly used to write a survey questionnaire. It can also be used to gain a deeper understanding and provide a different perspective on the same phenomena as quantitative research. In the case of the quantitative study indicating poor compliance with blood pressure medication in stroke patients, a qualitative study can be conducted to explore the reasons behind this poor compliance.

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  • 28. 

    Intra-rater reliability is:

    • The degree to which a rater is consistent with their own ratings

    • The degree to which each rater or observer is consistent with another rater's or observer's rating

    • A component in the Population of the PICO

    • Confidence level

    Correct Answer
    A. The degree to which a rater is consistent with their own ratings
    Explanation
    Intra-rater reliability refers to the consistency of a rater's own ratings. It measures the degree to which a rater consistently assigns the same ratings or scores when evaluating the same set of data or observations. This means that if a rater has high intra-rater reliability, it indicates that they are consistent in their judgments and their ratings can be trusted. On the other hand, low intra-rater reliability suggests that the rater's ratings may vary or be inconsistent, making their judgments less reliable.

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  • 29. 

    A ________ contains an independent variable that is manipulated in order to look for an effect on a dependent variable, but either use of a control group or randomization is lacking

    • A systematic review

    • Qualitative design

    • Quasi-experimental design

    • True experimental design

    • Option 5

    Correct Answer
    A. Quasi-experimental design
    Explanation
    A quasi-experimental design is a research method that involves manipulating an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable, but lacks either a control group or randomization. This means that the researcher cannot randomly assign participants to different groups or conditions, which limits the ability to establish a cause-and-effect relationship. However, the researcher can still compare groups or conditions to examine the effects of the independent variable, making it a suitable option in situations where randomization or a control group is not feasible or ethical.

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  • 30. 

    Subjects who are performing better on the study task simply because they are getting special attention, and not necessarily because of the treatment they are receiving is called the

    • Special effect

    • Double-blind effect

    • Contamination effect

    • Hawthorne effect

    Correct Answer
    A. Hawthorne effect
    Explanation
    The Hawthorne effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals modify their behavior or performance simply because they are aware that they are being observed or receiving special attention. In the context of the question, subjects may be performing better on the study task not because of the actual treatment they are receiving, but because they are aware that they are being given special attention. This effect highlights the influence of psychological factors on performance and the need to consider the potential bias introduced by the awareness of being observed.

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  • 31. 

    Wrong results that are due to chance is an example of?

    • Systematic bias

    • Tester skill bias

    • Random error

    • Chance design 

    Correct Answer
    A. Random error
    Explanation
    Random error refers to the variability in measurements or observations that occur due to chance factors. In the context of the question, wrong results that are due to chance can be considered as random errors. These errors are not systematic or biased, but rather occur randomly and can lead to inaccurate or incorrect results. Therefore, random error is the most appropriate explanation for the given correct answer.

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  • 32. 

    All the following are true regarding Semi-Structured Interviews EXCEPT

    • Overall loose structure

    • Questions function as an agenda for the interview

    • Very closed in questioning, that only allows for limited answers

    • Questions branch out to a more open type of questioning

    • Interviewees are allowed to offer more detailed responses

    Correct Answer
    A. Very closed in questioning, that only allows for limited answers
    Explanation
    Semi-structured interviews have an overall loose structure, where questions function as an agenda for the interview. They allow questions to branch out to a more open type of questioning, giving interviewees the opportunity to offer more detailed responses. However, the statement "Very closed in questioning, that only allows for limited answers" is not true for semi-structured interviews. In semi-structured interviews, there is a certain level of flexibility in questioning, allowing for more extensive and varied responses from the interviewees.

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  • 33. 

    Select all the following that are TRUE regarding to Sample Selection

    • Different from quantitative methods

    • Subjects strategically selected based on their potential for providing information

    • Emphasis is on gathering as much information as possible

    • Also referred to as Theoretical Sampling

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Different from quantitative methods
    A. Subjects strategically selected based on their potential for providing information
    A. Emphasis is on gathering as much information as possible
    A. Also referred to as Theoretical Sampling
    Explanation
    Sample selection in qualitative research is different from quantitative methods because it focuses on gathering as much information as possible rather than aiming for statistical representativeness. Subjects are strategically selected based on their potential for providing rich and meaningful information, rather than randomly sampling from a larger population. The term "theoretical sampling" is often used to describe this approach, highlighting the emphasis on theoretical concepts and theoretical saturation in qualitative research.

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  • 34. 

    ________ in a qualitative study occurs when it can be reasonably concluded that the recruitment of additional subjects no longer provide additional information or insights to the level of understanding achieved with the subject area

    Correct Answer(s)
    Saturation
    Explanation
    Saturation in a qualitative study occurs when it can be reasonably concluded that the recruitment of additional subjects no longer provides additional information or insights to the level of understanding achieved with the subject area. This means that the researcher has gathered enough data and reached a point where new participants will not contribute any new or meaningful information. Saturation indicates that the researcher has achieved a comprehensive understanding of the topic and can confidently analyze and interpret the data collected.

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  • 35. 

    An example of a background question is

    • Do patients who receive paraffin treatment report a decrease in pain?

    • What is paraffin treatment?

    • Is paraffin treatment more effective in reducing pain than massage in treating older women?

    • Pain reduction can be achieved through paraffin application

    Correct Answer
    A. What is paraffin treatment?
  • 36. 

    Likert scales typically provide you with

    • Subjective information

    • Objective information

    • Useful outcome measures

    • None of the above

    • Answers 1 and 3 only

    Correct Answer
    A. Answers 1 and 3 only
    Explanation
    Likert scales typically provide you with subjective information and useful outcome measures. Subjective information is obtained through the respondents' opinions, attitudes, or beliefs, which are often measured using Likert scales. On the other hand, useful outcome measures refer to the quantitative data collected through Likert scales that can be analyzed and used to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions, programs, or treatments. Therefore, answers 1 and 3 are correct because Likert scales offer both subjective information and useful outcome measures.

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  • 37. 

    Experimental designs are used for:

    • Development of search terms

    • Exploring peoples' lived experiences through a series of open ended questions

    • Increasing the participant poll

    • Determining cause and effect

    Correct Answer
    A. Determining cause and effect
    Explanation
    Experimental designs are used for determining cause and effect. This means that through experimental designs, researchers aim to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between variables. They manipulate one or more variables (independent variables) and measure the effect on another variable (dependent variable). By carefully controlling and manipulating variables, experimental designs allow researchers to draw conclusions about the causal relationship between variables.

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  • 38. 

    All statistically significant results are clinically important

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    This statement is false because statistically significant results do not necessarily imply clinical importance. Statistical significance only indicates that the observed results are unlikely to have occurred by chance. However, clinical importance takes into consideration factors such as magnitude of effect, practical significance, and relevance to patient care. Therefore, while statistically significant results are important, they may not always have clinical significance.

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  • 39. 

    Errors that occur due to bias within the study design are called?

    • Human errors

    • Systematic errors

    • Expedited errors

    • Biasmatic errors

    Correct Answer
    A. Systematic errors
    Explanation
    Systematic errors are errors that occur due to bias within the study design. These errors can arise from flaws in the research methodology, such as sampling bias or measurement errors. Unlike random errors, which are unpredictable and can occur by chance, systematic errors are consistent and can lead to skewed or inaccurate results. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is systematic errors.

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  • 40. 

    A research study on splint use in carpal tunnel syndrome is initiated by an OT in an outpatient orthopedic clinic in a small, rural town. The occupational therapist is recruiting participants from this same outpatient orthopedic clinic. The sampling method is likely to be

    • Convenience sampling

    • Multistage sampling

    • Systematic random sampling

    • Cluster sampling

    Correct Answer
    A. Convenience sampling
    Explanation
    Convenience sampling is the likely sampling method in this scenario because the occupational therapist is recruiting participants from the same outpatient orthopedic clinic where the research study is being conducted. This method involves selecting individuals who are readily available and easily accessible, which is convenient in this case. It may not provide a representative sample of the larger population, but it is a practical choice given the circumstances in a small, rural town.

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  • 41. 

    In quantitative research, it is always necessary to have an experiment

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Quantitative research involves collecting and analyzing numerical data to answer research questions. Conducting an experiment is one of the key methods used in quantitative research to test hypotheses and establish cause-and-effect relationships. By manipulating variables and observing their effects on outcomes, experiments provide researchers with the ability to control and isolate factors, ensuring more reliable and valid results. Therefore, it is indeed necessary to have an experiment in quantitative research to gather data and draw meaningful conclusions.

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  • 42. 

    In considering the previous example, ROM could be considered:

    • A bias

    • The controlled design component

    • The independent variable

    • The dependent variable

    Correct Answer
    A. The dependent variable
    Explanation
    In the given options, ROM can be considered as the dependent variable because it is the variable that is being measured or observed in response to the other variables. The dependent variable is the outcome or result that is influenced by the independent variable(s) and any biases or controlled design components. Therefore, ROM can be seen as the variable that is dependent on other factors in the example.

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  • 43. 

    John Smith, OTR/L is measuring Study Participant's A's gross grasp/grip strength with the use of a dynamometer, instruction to this participant is: "squeeze as hard as you can when I say go" Donald Holmes, OTR/L takes the same measure a week later on the same participant. Donald's instruction to the participant is: "Keep your arm at your side, bending your elbow like this (Donald demonstrates) and squeeze until I ask you to stop.  The above scenario indicates a threat to: 

    • Stratification

    • Randomization

    • Intra-rater reliability

    • Inter-rater reliability

    Correct Answer
    A. Inter-rater reliability
    Explanation
    The scenario indicates a threat to inter-rater reliability because the two occupational therapists, John Smith and Donald Holmes, are using different instructions when measuring the participant's grip strength. This difference in instructions could lead to variations in how the participant performs the task, resulting in inconsistent measurements between the two raters. To ensure inter-rater reliability, it is important for all raters to use standardized instructions and procedures when measuring the same variable.

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  • 44. 

    Specification of the characteristics that define the targeted study population that are relevant to the research question are referred to as

    • Characteristics list

    • Research designation specifications

    • Specification bias

    • Inclusion criteria

    Correct Answer
    A. Inclusion criteria
    Explanation
    Inclusion criteria are the specifications or characteristics that define the targeted study population and are relevant to the research question. These criteria are used to determine who can participate in the study and ensure that the sample represents the population of interest. By specifying certain characteristics, researchers can control for potential confounding variables and ensure that the study results are applicable to the intended population.

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  • 45. 

    When considering your own research process, when is it best to determine what type of statistical analysis is to be performed on the data?

    • As an integral part, from the beginning, of the research design

    • After you formulate your outcome measure

    • After you collect the data

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. As an integral part, from the beginning, of the research design
    Explanation
    It is best to determine what type of statistical analysis is to be performed on the data as an integral part, from the beginning, of the research design. This ensures that the research design is tailored to the specific statistical analysis that will be conducted, allowing for appropriate data collection methods and sample sizes. By considering the statistical analysis from the beginning, researchers can also make informed decisions about the variables and measures to include in their study, ensuring that the data collected will be suitable for analysis.

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  • 46. 

    ________ helps ensure subjects are representative of the group from which they are chosen

    • Placebo

    • Randomization

    • Stratification

    • Manipulation

    Correct Answer
    A. Stratification
    Explanation
    Stratification helps ensure subjects are representative of the group from which they are chosen. This is because stratification involves dividing the population into subgroups based on specific characteristics and then selecting a proportional number of subjects from each subgroup. By doing so, stratification ensures that the sample includes individuals from different subgroups in the same proportion as they exist in the population. This helps to reduce bias and increase the generalizability of the findings to the larger population.

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  • 47. 

    Three features of rigorous quantitative research include all of the following except

    • Manipulation

    • Control

    • Focus group discussion

    • Randomization

    Correct Answer
    A. Focus group discussion
    Explanation
    Rigorous quantitative research involves manipulation, control, and randomization to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings. These features help researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships and minimize bias. However, focus group discussions are a qualitative research method that involves a small group of participants discussing a specific topic. While focus groups can provide valuable insights, they do not align with the principles of rigorous quantitative research, which relies on statistical analysis and generalizability.

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  • 48. 

    All of the following are aspects of Theoretical Samples EXCEPT

    • Convenience

    • Quota

    • Snowball

    • Typical case

    • Maximum variation

    • Sample size

    Correct Answer
    A. Sample size
    Explanation
    The given question asks for an aspect of Theoretical Samples that is not included in the options provided. Sample size is not an aspect of Theoretical Samples, as it refers to the number of individuals or units included in a sample, which is a consideration in sampling methods but not specific to Theoretical Samples.

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  • 49. 

    Which of the following is FALSE regarding Transferability (External Validity)?

    • Transferability = sample selection

    • Use of a panel of judges to select informants representative of the phenomenon under study

    • Comparing characteristics of informants in the study to information available in the literature

    • Accurate description must be provided of units of analysis, concepts generated, population characteristics, and setting

    • None of the above are false

    Correct Answer
    A. None of the above are false
    Explanation
    The given answer states that none of the statements regarding transferability (external validity) are false. This means that all the statements provided in the question are true regarding transferability. The statements include using a panel of judges to select informants representative of the phenomenon under study, comparing characteristics of informants in the study to information available in the literature, and providing an accurate description of units of analysis, concepts generated, population characteristics, and setting. Therefore, the answer suggests that all of these practices are valid and contribute to ensuring transferability in research.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 21, 2023 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Dec 07, 2020
    Quiz Created by
    Alfredhook3
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