Biology Lab Midterm Exam Study Guide

1. Lemon > orange > grapefruit as the concentration of vitamin c

True

False

The statement is true because lemon has a higher concentration of vitamin C compared to orange and grapefruit.

Explanation

The statement is true because lemon has a higher concentration of vitamin C compared to orange and grapefruit.

2. Plasmodesmata : channels connect two plant cells.

True

False

Plasmodesmata are small channels that connect plant cells, allowing for the exchange of various molecules and substances between adjacent cells. These channels play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication, nutrient transport, and overall coordination within the plant. Therefore, the given statement is true as it accurately describes the function of plasmodesmata in connecting plant cells.

Explanation

Plasmodesmata are small channels that connect plant cells, allowing for the exchange of various molecules and substances between adjacent cells. These channels play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication, nutrient transport, and overall coordination within the plant. Therefore, the given statement is true as it accurately describes the function of plasmodesmata in connecting plant cells.

3. The use of the condenser is

Hold the slide

Sharpening the image

Concentrate and direct the light through the specimen

B and c

The use of the condenser is to concentrate and direct the light through the specimen. The condenser is an important component in a microscope that helps to focus and control the amount of light that passes through the specimen. By concentrating the light, the condenser improves the resolution and clarity of the image. It also helps to evenly distribute the light, ensuring that the entire specimen is illuminated. This allows for better visualization and examination of the specimen under the microscope.

Explanation

The use of the condenser is to concentrate and direct the light through the specimen. The condenser is an important component in a microscope that helps to focus and control the amount of light that passes through the specimen. By concentrating the light, the condenser improves the resolution and clarity of the image. It also helps to evenly distribute the light, ensuring that the entire specimen is illuminated. This allows for better visualization and examination of the specimen under the microscope.

4. Temperature is a measure of the speed at which molecules are moving.

True

False

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance. The higher the temperature, the faster the molecules are moving. This movement is due to the kinetic energy they possess. Therefore, temperature can be considered as a measure of the speed at which molecules are moving.

Explanation

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance. The higher the temperature, the faster the molecules are moving. This movement is due to the kinetic energy they possess. Therefore, temperature can be considered as a measure of the speed at which molecules are moving.

5. Cell membrane is made of 2 fatty acids attached to a glucose head.

True

False

The statement in the question is false. The cell membrane is actually made up of a phospholipid bilayer, consisting of two layers of phospholipids. Each phospholipid molecule has a hydrophilic (water-loving) head made of a phosphate group and a hydrophobic (water-fearing) tail made of two fatty acid chains. The glucose head mentioned in the question is not a component of the cell membrane structure.

Explanation

The statement in the question is false. The cell membrane is actually made up of a phospholipid bilayer, consisting of two layers of phospholipids. Each phospholipid molecule has a hydrophilic (water-loving) head made of a phosphate group and a hydrophobic (water-fearing) tail made of two fatty acid chains. The glucose head mentioned in the question is not a component of the cell membrane structure.

6. The name of the cell number 1 is :

Cell membrane

Nucleus

Cell wall

None

The correct answer is Cell wall. The cell wall is a rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells and provides structural support and protection. It helps maintain the shape of the cell and prevents it from bursting under pressure. The cell wall is absent in animal cells, which is why it is not found in cell number 1.

Explanation

The correct answer is Cell wall. The cell wall is a rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells and provides structural support and protection. It helps maintain the shape of the cell and prevents it from bursting under pressure. The cell wall is absent in animal cells, which is why it is not found in cell number 1.

7. Lipids functions are as follows :

Stored energy

Structural purposes ( plasma membrane)

Insoluble in water

A+B

The given answer, A+B, suggests that lipids have both stored energy and structural purposes. Lipids are known for their role in storing energy in the body, as they provide a concentrated form of energy that can be utilized when needed. Additionally, lipids also play a structural role in the form of the plasma membrane, which is composed of phospholipids. This answer implies that lipids serve multiple functions, including energy storage and structural support.

Explanation

The given answer, A+B, suggests that lipids have both stored energy and structural purposes. Lipids are known for their role in storing energy in the body, as they provide a concentrated form of energy that can be utilized when needed. Additionally, lipids also play a structural role in the form of the plasma membrane, which is composed of phospholipids. This answer implies that lipids serve multiple functions, including energy storage and structural support.

8. _________: the electron beam is passed through the sample. The result is 2D image

Tem

Sem

Stereo microscope

Compound microscope

The correct answer is TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope). In a TEM, the electron beam is passed through the sample, which allows for the formation of a 2D image. TEMs are used to study the internal structure of materials at a very high resolution, making them particularly useful in the field of nanotechnology and materials science.

Explanation

The correct answer is TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope). In a TEM, the electron beam is passed through the sample, which allows for the formation of a 2D image. TEMs are used to study the internal structure of materials at a very high resolution, making them particularly useful in the field of nanotechnology and materials science.

9. Calculate the DFV of a 10x lense if the DFV of the 4x is 4 mm and the answer is

. 8 mm

16 mm

1.6 mm

8 mm

The DFV (Diameter Field of View) of a 10x lens can be calculated by multiplying the DFV of the 4x lens by the magnification factor. Since the magnification factor from 4x to 10x is 2.5 (10/4), the DFV of the 10x lens would be 4 mm multiplied by 2.5, which equals 10 mm. Therefore, the given answer of 1.6 mm is incorrect.

Explanation

The DFV (Diameter Field of View) of a 10x lens can be calculated by multiplying the DFV of the 4x lens by the magnification factor. Since the magnification factor from 4x to 10x is 2.5 (10/4), the DFV of the 10x lens would be 4 mm multiplied by 2.5, which equals 10 mm. Therefore, the given answer of 1.6 mm is incorrect.

10. To stain the cytoplasm and the nucleus of plant cells we used methylene blue.

True

False

The given statement is false because methylene blue is not used to stain the cytoplasm and nucleus of plant cells. Methylene blue is commonly used as a stain for animal cells, but not specifically for plant cells. Plant cells are typically stained using other dyes such as iodine or safranin. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

Explanation

The given statement is false because methylene blue is not used to stain the cytoplasm and nucleus of plant cells. Methylene blue is commonly used as a stain for animal cells, but not specifically for plant cells. Plant cells are typically stained using other dyes such as iodine or safranin. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

11. Variables that affect the function of enzyme

Enzyme concentration

Substrate concentration

Ph

None

The variables that affect the function of an enzyme are its concentration, substrate concentration, and pH. Enzyme concentration refers to the amount of enzyme present in a reaction, which can directly influence the rate of the reaction. Substrate concentration refers to the amount of substrate available for the enzyme to bind to and convert into a product. The concentration of the substrate can affect the rate of the reaction, as a higher concentration can lead to more collisions between the enzyme and substrate. pH refers to the acidity or alkalinity of the environment in which the enzyme is working. Changes in pH can alter the shape and activity of the enzyme, affecting its function.

Explanation

The variables that affect the function of an enzyme are its concentration, substrate concentration, and pH. Enzyme concentration refers to the amount of enzyme present in a reaction, which can directly influence the rate of the reaction. Substrate concentration refers to the amount of substrate available for the enzyme to bind to and convert into a product. The concentration of the substrate can affect the rate of the reaction, as a higher concentration can lead to more collisions between the enzyme and substrate. pH refers to the acidity or alkalinity of the environment in which the enzyme is working. Changes in pH can alter the shape and activity of the enzyme, affecting its function.

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