PNLE Quiz: Community Health Nursing Part 4 (Exam Mode)

BCG causes the formation of a superficial abscess, which begins two weeks after immunization. The abscess heals without treatment, with the formation of a permanent scar.

Seizures within 3 days after administration of DPT is an indication of hypersensitivity to pertussis vaccine, a component of DPT. This is considered a specific contraindication to subsequent doses of DPT.

Severe pneumonia requires an urgent referral to a hospital. Answers A, C and D are done for a client classified as having pneumonia.

If the child vomits persistently, that is, he vomits everything that he takes in, he has to be referred urgently to a hospital. Otherwise, vomiting is managed by letting the child rest for 10 minutes and then continuing with Oresol administration. Teach the mother to give Oresol more slowly.

Category I is for new clients diagnosed by sputum examination and clients diagnosed to have a serious form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, such as TB osteomyelitis.

In IMCI, chest indrawing is used as the positive sign of dyspnea, indicating severe pneumonia.

A client is considered a PTB suspect when he has cough for 2 weeks or more, plus one or more of the following signs: fever for 1 month or more; chest pain lasting for 2 weeks or more not attributed to other conditions; progressive, unexplained weight loss; night sweats; and hemoptysis.

In IMCI, a respiratory rate of 50 breaths per minute or more is fast breathing for an infant aged 2 to 12 months.

Aedes aegypti, the vector of Dengue fever, breeds in stagnant, clear water. Its feeding time is usually during the daytime. It has a cyclical pattern of occurrence, unlike malaria which is endemic in certain parts of the country.

A multibacillary leprosy case is one who has a positive slit skin smear and at least 5 skin lesions.

Because malaria is endemic, the first question to determine malaria risk is where the client’s family resides. If the area of residence is not a known endemic area, ask if the child had traveled within the past 6 months, where he/she was brought and whether he/she stayed overnight in that area.

Presidential Decree 996, enacted in 1976, made immunization in the EPI compulsory for children under eight years of age. Hepatitis B vaccination was made mandatory for the same age group by R.A. 7846.

In the IMCI management guidelines, SOME DEHYDRATION is treated with the administration of Oresol within a period of 4 hours. The amount of Oresol is best computed on the basis of the child’s weight (75 ml/kg body weight). If the weight is unknown, the amount of Oresol is based on the child’s age.

Infant BCG may be given at birth. All the other immunizations mentioned can be given at six weeks of age.

A sick child aged 2 months to 5 years must be referred urgently to a hospital if he/she has one or more of the following signs: not able to feed or drink, vomits everything, convulsions, abnormally sleepy or difficult to awaken.

Pinworm ova are deposited around the anal orifice.

Using the assessment guidelines of IMCI, a child (2 months to 5 years old) with diarrhea is classified as having SOME DEHYDRATION if he shows 2 or more of the following signs: restless or irritable, sunken eyes, the skin goes back slow after a skin pinch.

Ordinarily, measles vaccine is given at 9 months of age. During an impending epidemic, however, one dose may be given to babies aged 6 to 8 months. The mother is instructed that the baby needs another dose when the baby is 9 months old.

In the EPI, a fever up to 38.5°C is not a contraindication to immunization. Mild acute respiratory tract infection, simple diarrhea, and malnutrition are not contraindications either.

The anatomic characteristics of the palms allow a reliable and convenient basis for examination for pallor.

The lesion of leprosy is not macular. It is characterized by a change in skin color (either reddish or whitish) and loss of sensation, sweating, and hair growth over the lesion. The inability to close the eyelids (lagophthalmos) and the sinking of the nose bridge are late symptoms.

Edema, a major sign of kwashiorkor, is caused by decreased colloidal osmotic pressure of the blood brought about by hypoalbuminemia. Decreased blood albumin level is due to a protein-deficient diet.

R.A. 8976 mandates fortification of rice, wheat flour, sugar, and cooking oil with Vitamin A, iron, and/or iodine.

“Baggy pants” is a sign of severe marasmus. The best management is an urgent referral to a hospital.

The earliest sign of Vitamin A deficiency (xerophthalmia) is night blindness. However, this is a functional change, which is not observable during physical examination. The earliest visible lesion is conjunctival xerosis or dullness of the conjunctiva due to inadequate tear production.

Preschoolers are given Retinol 200,000 IU every 6 months. 100,000 IU is given once to infants aged 6 to 12 months. The dose for pregnant women is 10,000 IU.

An infant 6 to 12 months classified as a case of measles is given Retinol 100,000 IU; a child is given 200,000 IU regardless of when the last dose was given.

This is diagnostic and therefore secondary level prevention. The other choices are for primary prevention.

Directly Observed Treatment Short Course is so-called because a treatment partner, preferably a health worker accessible to the client, monitors the client’s compliance to the treatment.

It is inferred, in accordance with WHO guidelines, that a newborn is considered protected against tetanus at birth if the cumulative doses received, including those administered during the last pregnancy, meet the recommended criteria.