Physiology Of Cells: Case Study
Welcome to the 21st century electronic frontier classroom for human anatomy and physiology. This case study/clinical review is found in the chapter "Physiology of Cells" that include such topics as diffusion, osmosis, catabolism and cell growth. You may need to do some background reading and research before answering these questions. Please open the P. M. H. (patient medical history) google documents file that is associated with the "physiology of cells - case study). Which is always an excellent idea to take a few personal notes.
This case study/clinical review has a setting called T. Read moreE. M. (Test Exam Mode). This mode does not reveal the correct answer during the testing period. It will however produce a report for each completed attempt. This test will randomly generate a new set of questions and answers for each attempt you make.
I wish you good luck in your human anatomy and physiology course work.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
When a red blood cell is placed into a solution with a higher concentration of hypertonic solution, it will cause the blood cells to_____.
- A.
Swell
- B.
Shrivel
- C.
No change will occur
- D.
Change to white blood cell
Correct Answer
B. ShrivelExplanation
When a red blood cell is placed into a solution with a higher concentration of hypertonic solution, it will cause the blood cells to shrivel. This is because the hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than the cytoplasm of the red blood cell. As a result, water from inside the cell will move outwards through osmosis, causing the cell to shrink and shrivel.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Would you expect the IV solution to hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic?
- A.
Hypertonic
- B.
Hypotonic
- C.
Isotonic
- D.
Mesotonic
Correct Answer
C. IsotonicExplanation
An isotonic solution has the same concentration of solutes as the solution it is being compared to. In this case, since the question does not provide any additional information about the solution being referred to, it is reasonable to expect the IV solution to be isotonic, meaning it has the same concentration of solutes as the solution it is being administered into.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What is the normal range of hemoglobin count in females?
- A.
9.6 - 11.5
- B.
12.0 - 14.5
- C.
13.5 - 18.0
- D.
18.2 - 22.8
Correct Answer
C. 13.5 - 18.0Explanation
The normal range of hemoglobin count in females is 13.5 - 18.0. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. This range indicates the typical amount of hemoglobin found in the blood of healthy females. Hemoglobin levels outside of this range may indicate anemia or other health conditions.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which types of cell growth and reproduction might you expect to be causing this bleeding?
- A.
Hypertrophy
- B.
Atrophy
- C.
Hyperplasia
- D.
Hypoplasia
Correct Answer
C. HyperplasiaExplanation
Hyperplasia refers to the increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue. In the context of bleeding, hyperplasia can cause an excessive growth of blood vessels, leading to increased blood flow and potential bleeding. This can occur in conditions such as endometrial hyperplasia, where the lining of the uterus becomes thickened and can result in abnormal bleeding. Therefore, hyperplasia is a likely cause of the bleeding mentioned in the question.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What does hypertrophy mean?
- A.
A decrease in cell size
- B.
An increase in cell size
- C.
A hypotonic IV solution
- D.
A Isotonic IV solution
Correct Answer
B. An increase in cell sizeExplanation
Hypertrophy refers to an increase in cell size. It is a process where cells grow in size due to an increase in the volume of cellular components. This can occur in various tissues and organs in response to factors such as increased workload or hormonal stimulation. Hypertrophy is commonly observed in muscle cells, where regular exercise can lead to an increase in muscle size. It is the opposite of atrophy, which refers to a decrease in cell size.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What does atrophy mean?
- A.
A decrease in cell size
- B.
An increase in cell size
- C.
A hypotonic IV solution
- D.
A Isotonic IV solution
Correct Answer
A. A decrease in cell sizeExplanation
Atrophy refers to a decrease in cell size. This can occur due to various factors such as disuse, lack of stimulation, aging, or disease. When cells atrophy, they shrink in size and may lose their function. This can happen to different types of cells in the body, including muscle cells, nerve cells, and organ cells. Atrophy can lead to weakness, loss of muscle mass, and impaired organ function.Rate this question:
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- 7.
A complete hysterectomy includes the removal of the entire uterus.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
A complete hysterectomy involves the surgical removal of the entire uterus. This procedure is typically performed to treat various medical conditions such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis, or certain types of cancer. By removing the entire uterus, the patient will no longer be able to conceive or carry a pregnancy. Therefore, the statement "A complete hysterectomy includes the removal of the entire uterus" is true.Rate this question:
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- 8.
How old is Mrs. Rachel Carson?
- A.
32
- B.
42
- C.
52
- D.
62
Correct Answer
C. 52Explanation
The given question asks for the age of Mrs. Rachel Carson. Among the options provided, the correct answer is 52.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Mrs. Carson began to pass blood clots larger than quarter after having a menstrual period last month.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement suggests that Mrs. Carson began passing blood clots larger than a quarter after having a menstrual period last month. However, without any further information or context, it is not possible to determine the accuracy of this statement. Therefore, the correct answer is "False" as there is insufficient evidence to support the claim.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Mrs. Carson entered the hospital for endometrial testing for______.
- A.
Fractured Humerus
- B.
Cardiac Arrest
- C.
Urinary Bladder Infection
- D.
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
Correct Answer
D. Dysfunctional Uterine BleedingExplanation
The correct answer is Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding. This is because Mrs. Carson entered the hospital for endometrial testing, which is a procedure used to diagnose the cause of abnormal uterine bleeding. Cardiac arrest, urinary bladder infection, and fractured humerus are unrelated conditions and would not require endometrial testing.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Rachel has been taking unopposed estrogen for 2 years.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement "Rachel has been taking unopposed estrogen for 2 years" is true. This means that Rachel has been taking estrogen without any opposing hormones, such as progesterone, for a period of 2 years. This information suggests that Rachel has been undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or using estrogen for medical purposes.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What was the blood test results from 5 years ago?
- A.
Hemoglobin level 7.9 g per dL
- B.
Hemoglobin level 9.6 g per dL
- C.
Hemoglobin level 11.0 g per dL
- D.
Hemoglobin level 11.6 g per dL
Correct Answer
B. Hemoglobin level 9.6 g per dL -
- 13.
After Mrs. Rachel Carson was admitted into the hospital. The floor phlebotomist started an intravenous (IV) solution of _____ and _____ solution.
- A.
Dextrose 25% and Maltose
- B.
Lactated Ringers and Fructose 5%
- C.
Dextrose 5% and Galactose 5%
- D.
Dextrose 5% and Lactated Ringers
- E.
Saline 10% and Lactated Ringers
Correct Answer
D. Dextrose 5% and Lactated Ringers -
- 14.
Since Mrs. Carson has been taking an unopposed estrogen for 2 years, one would expect her to have an overgrowth or excessive cell reproduction. Progesterone (hormone) prevents excessive cell reproduction.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement suggests that taking unopposed estrogen for a prolonged period can lead to excessive cell reproduction. It then states that progesterone prevents this excessive cell reproduction. Therefore, it can be inferred that the statement is true, as it suggests a cause and effect relationship between unopposed estrogen and excessive cell reproduction, which is prevented by progesterone.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Rachel Carson has been diagnosed with endometrial cancer. The BEST description of this disease at the cellular level would be:
- A.
Bacteria infects cell and damages cell.
- B.
Abnormalities in mitotic division occur.
- C.
Damage to cell transport mechanisms occur.
- D.
Mutation in the cell's genetic code occur.
Correct Answer
B. Abnormalities in mitotic division occur.Explanation
Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that affects the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium. At the cellular level, cancer occurs due to abnormalities in cell division, specifically mitotic division. In endometrial cancer, the cells in the endometrium divide and grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Therefore, the BEST description of this disease at the cellular level would be "Abnormalities in mitotic division occur."Rate this question:
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- 16.
A complete _____ is performed on Mrs. Rachel Carson, and she is scheduled to to undergo chemotherapy for endometrial carcinomas grade level 1.
- A.
Kidney dialysis
- B.
Endocytosis
- C.
Hysterectomy
- D.
Exocytosis
Correct Answer
C. HysterectomyExplanation
A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure in which the uterus is removed. In the given context, Mrs. Rachel Carson is undergoing a complete hysterectomy, which means her entire uterus is being removed. This procedure is being done because she has been diagnosed with endometrial carcinomas grade level 1, which is a type of cancer that starts in the lining of the uterus. By removing the uterus, the cancer can be effectively treated and further spread of the disease can be prevented.Rate this question:
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- 17.
What is the rationale for administration of chemotherapy to Mrs. Carson after her hysterectomy?
- A.
Cancer was a neoplasm benign growth
- B.
Tumor cells may have broken away from primary site
- C.
Cancer was result of ability to control mitosis.
- D.
It was a malignant neoplasm growth.
Correct Answer
B. Tumor cells may have broken away from primary siteExplanation
The rationale for administering chemotherapy to Mrs. Carson after her hysterectomy is that tumor cells may have broken away from the primary site. Chemotherapy is often used to target and kill any remaining cancer cells that may have spread to other parts of the body, even after the removal of the primary tumor. This helps to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence and improve the patient's overall prognosis.Rate this question:
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- 18.
How many years had Mrs. Rachel Carson had a pap smear and pelvic examination by her gynecologist?
- A.
2
- B.
3
- C.
5
- D.
6
Correct Answer
D. 6 -
- 19.
After Mrs. Carson was admitted to the hospital and the dysfunctional uterine bleeding was discovered. Mrs. Carson had a menstrual period 8 months prior to the bleeding.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The given statement is false. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding refers to abnormal bleeding from the uterus that is not caused by any underlying medical condition. It is not related to menstrual periods. Therefore, the fact that Mrs. Carson had a menstrual period 8 months prior to the bleeding does not support the diagnosis of dysfunctional uterine bleeding.Rate this question:
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- 20.
What was the primary site of the cancer in Mrs. Rachel Carson?
Correct Answer
uterusExplanation
The primary site of the cancer in Mrs. Rachel Carson was the uterus. This means that the cancer originated in her uterus and is likely to have spread from there to other parts of her body. The uterus is a common site for cancer in women, and symptoms may include abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain, or a mass in the pelvic area. It is important for Mrs. Carson to receive appropriate medical treatment for her condition.Rate this question:
- 21.
What was the pathology report for Mrs. Carson?
- A.
Endometrial carcinomas grade 1
- B.
Endometrial carcinomas grade 2
- C.
Endometrial carcinomas grade 3
- D.
Squamous cell carcinomas
- E.
Metastatic cervical cancer
Correct Answer
A. Endometrial carcinomas grade 1Explanation
The pathology report for Mrs. Carson indicates that she has endometrial carcinomas grade 1. This means that she has cancerous growths in the lining of her uterus that are considered to be low grade or less aggressive.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which chemotheraphy drug was used during Rachel Carson's treatment of endometrial carcinomas?
- A.
Carboplatin
- B.
Paclitaxel
- C.
Cisplatin
- D.
Doxorubicin
- E.
Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)
Correct Answer
E. Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) -
- 23.
Which chemotheraphy drug is used to treat prostate cancer in male patients?
- A.
Carboplatin
- B.
Paclitaxel
- C.
Cisplatin
- D.
Doxorubicin
- E.
Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)
Correct Answer
E. Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)Explanation
Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) is the correct answer because it is a chemotherapy drug commonly used to treat prostate cancer in male patients. It works by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and is often used in combination with other medications to increase its effectiveness. Mitoxantrone is administered intravenously and has been shown to be effective in slowing the progression of prostate cancer and improving symptoms in patients.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which chemotheraphy drugs was used to treat Rachel's endometrial carcinomas on Day 1?
- A.
Carboplatin
- B.
Paclitaxel
- C.
Cisplatin
- D.
Doxorubicin
- E.
Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Carboplatin
B. Paclitaxel
E. Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) -
- 25.
Which chemotheraphy drugs was used to treat Rachel's endometrial carcinomas on Days 2 - through 11?
- A.
Carboplatin
- B.
Paclitaxel
- C.
Cisplatin
- D.
Doxorubicin
- E.
Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)
Correct Answer(s)
C. Cisplatin
D. DoxorubicinExplanation
Rachel's endometrial carcinomas were treated with Cisplatin and Doxorubicin.Rate this question:
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- 26.
What is the name chemotheraphy drugwas used to treat Rachel Carson's endometrial carcinomas? (Please check the structural formula image.)
- A.
Carboplatin
- B.
Paclitaxel
- C.
Cisplatin
- D.
Doxorubicin
- E.
Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)
Correct Answer
A. CarboplatinExplanation
Carboplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug commonly used to treat various types of cancer, including endometrial carcinomas. It belongs to the platinum-based chemotherapy drugs and works by interfering with the DNA replication process, ultimately leading to cancer cell death. Carboplatin is often used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs to enhance its effectiveness. It is considered a well-tolerated and effective treatment option for endometrial carcinomas, making it a suitable choice for Rachel Carson's treatment.Rate this question:
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- 27.
What chemotheraphy drug was used to treat Rachel's endometrial carcinomas as the structural formula is shown in the image?
- A.
Carboplatin
- B.
Paclitaxel
- C.
Cisplatin
- D.
Doxorubicin
- E.
Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)
Correct Answer
D. DoxorubicinExplanation
The correct answer is Doxorubicin. The question asks for the chemotherapy drug used to treat Rachel's endometrial carcinomas, and the structural formula shown in the image matches that of Doxorubicin. Doxorubicin is a commonly used chemotherapy drug that is effective against various types of cancers, including endometrial carcinomas. It works by interfering with the DNA in cancer cells, preventing their growth and division.Rate this question:
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- 28.
___ is an anthracycline type of chemotheraphy drug that is used alone or with other treatments/medications to treat several different types of cancer. Doxorubicin works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.
- A.
Carboplatin
- B.
Paclitaxel
- C.
Cisplatin
- D.
Doxorubicin
- E.
Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)
Correct Answer
D. DoxorubicinExplanation
Doxorubicin is an anthracycline type of chemotherapy drug that is used to treat various types of cancer. It can be used alone or in combination with other treatments. The drug works by slowing down or halting the growth of cancer cells.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Rachel's last pelvic examination and pap smear more than 5 years ago was positive for cervical cancer.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement suggests that Rachel's last pelvic examination and pap smear more than 5 years ago was positive for cervical cancer. However, the correct answer is False. This means that Rachel's last pelvic examination and pap smear more than 5 years ago was not positive for cervical cancer.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which symptom was Mrs. Carson's gynecologist used estrogen replacement therapy (ERT)?
- A.
Bloating
- B.
Fatigue
- C.
Abnormal menstrual flow
- D.
Anemia
- E.
Pelvic pain
Correct Answer
A. BloatingExplanation
Mrs. Carson's gynecologist used estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) to address her bloating symptom. ERT is a hormone therapy that involves the use of estrogen to relieve menopausal symptoms, such as bloating. By supplementing the body with estrogen, ERT can help alleviate bloating and other discomforts associated with hormonal imbalances during menopause.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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