Cell Physiology Chapter 3 Test

Selectively permeable membranes have the ability to regulate the passage of substances across them based on their size, charge, or other properties. This means that only certain substances are allowed to pass through the membrane, while others are blocked. Therefore, the statement "Selectively permeable membranes allow only certain substances to pass through them" is true.

Animal cells have membranes that are selectively permeable, meaning they allow certain substances to pass through while blocking others. This is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and controlling the internal environment of the cell. The cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that act as channels and transporters, regulating the movement of ions, nutrients, and waste products. This selective permeability is vital for processes such as nutrient uptake, waste removal, and cell signaling. Therefore, the statement that animal cells have membranes that allow the passage of selective substances is true.

Blood pressure regulation is an example of homeostasis because the body constantly works to maintain a stable blood pressure level. Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain internal stability despite external changes. In the case of blood pressure, the body regulates it through various mechanisms such as adjusting the diameter of blood vessels, controlling heart rate, and releasing hormones. These processes ensure that blood pressure remains within a normal range, allowing organs and tissues to receive adequate blood flow and oxygenation. Therefore, the statement "The regulation of blood pressure is a good example of homeostasis" is true.

The statement is true because there are indeed two types of transport through cells. One type is called passive transport, which does not require energy and includes processes like diffusion and osmosis. The other type is called active transport, which does require energy and involves the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient. Therefore, the statement accurately describes the two different types of transport that occur in cells.

The statement is true because the collarbone, also known as the clavicle, is located in the upper part of the body, while the pelvic bone is located in the lower part of the body. Therefore, the collarbone is superior to the pelvic bone in terms of anatomical position.

The distal end of a bone refers to the end that is farthest away from a reference point. This means that it is located at the opposite end of the bone from where it attaches to the body or another bone. Therefore, the statement "The distal end of a bone would be the farthest end from a reference point" is true.

The statement is true because diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are small molecules that can easily diffuse across a membrane. Therefore, they can cross the membrane through diffusion.

The sodium/potassium pump is a vital mechanism in cells that maintains the concentration gradient of sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane. It actively transports three sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions it brings in, using ATP as an energy source. This process occurs against the concentration gradient, meaning it moves ions from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. Therefore, the given statement is true.

The correct answer is extracellular material. This term refers to substances that are located outside the cell membrane. Intracellular material refers to substances inside the cell, while intercellular material refers to substances between cells. Therefore, the correct term for substances outside the cell membrane is extracellular material.

Diffusion is the correct answer because it refers to the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This movement occurs spontaneously and does not require any external energy input. It is a fundamental process that allows for the equalization of concentrations and the distribution of molecules throughout a medium.

Diffusion is the process by which substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the context of physiology, diffusion is crucial because it allows for the movement of various substances, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients, into and out of cells. This is essential for maintaining the proper functioning of cells and organs. Therefore, the statement that diffusion is important in the study of physiology because it is how most substances enter and exit cells is true.

The dorsal fin of a shark would be visible from the surface of the water because it is located on the shark's back and protrudes above the water when the shark swims near the surface. This fin serves various functions, including stability and maneuverability, and is a distinctive characteristic of sharks.

Hypotonic solutions are named so because their solute content is lower than the solution they are being compared to. This means that hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration of solute particles compared to the solution they are being compared to. This difference in solute concentration causes water to move into the hypotonic solution, resulting in the swelling or bursting of cells. Therefore, the statement is true.

Solutions injected into the circulatory system must be isotonic in order to prevent damage to cells. Isotonic solutions have the same concentration of solutes as the cells in the body, which means there is no net movement of water into or out of the cells. If a solution is hypotonic, it has a lower concentration of solutes than the cells, causing water to move into the cells and potentially causing them to burst. If a solution is hypertonic, it has a higher concentration of solutes than the cells, causing water to move out of the cells and potentially causing them to shrink or dehydrate. Therefore, isotonic solutions are the safest option to prevent damage to cells.

A cell that suddenly stopped producing energy could still carry out diffusion because diffusion is a passive process that does not require energy. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and it occurs due to the random motion of molecules. Therefore, even if a cell is not actively producing energy, it can still passively participate in diffusion.

This means that the concentration of salt in solution A is three times higher than the concentration of salt in solution B. In other words, for every unit of salt in solution B, there are three units of salt in solution A.

When a cube of sugar is placed in water, it dissolves and spreads evenly throughout the water. This process is called diffusion, not active transport. Active transport is a process that requires energy and is used by cells to move molecules against their concentration gradient. In the case of the sugar cube in water, there is no energy requirement or movement against a gradient, so it is not an example of active transport. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

If a substance is more concentrated inside a cell than it is outside, it means that there is a higher amount of the substance inside the cell compared to its surroundings. In order to increase the concentration of the substance inside the cell even further, active transport is required. Active transport is a process that uses energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. Therefore, the statement is true.

The given statement is incorrect. Diffusion is a process where a substance moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, not the other way around. This movement occurs due to the random motion of particles.

The statement is false because osmosis is a passive process that does not require the cell to expend energy. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. This movement occurs due to the concentration gradient and does not require any energy input from the cell.

The belly button, also known as the navel or umbilicus, is located on the anterior side of the body. The term "anterior" refers to the front or ventral side of the body, while "dorsal" refers to the back side, "lateral" refers to the sides, and "proximal" refers to a position closer to the center of the body. Since the belly button is located on the front side of the body, the correct answer is anterior.

The shoulder blade of a dog is not located posterior to the hind legs. The term "posterior" refers to the back or rear of an animal, while the hind legs are located towards the rear end of the body. The shoulder blade, also known as the scapula, is located on the upper part of the dog's body, near the front legs. Therefore, the statement is false.

A solution that is more dilute than the inside of a cell would actually cause the cell to swell or expand in size, not shrink. This is because water would move from the more dilute solution outside the cell to the more concentrated solution inside the cell through a process called osmosis. As a result, the cell would absorb water and increase in volume. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water. Carbon dioxide is released as a waste product, while water is also produced and excreted. Therefore, the correct answer is water.

Osmosis is the process by which solvent molecules move from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane. When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, which has a lower solute concentration compared to the cell's cytoplasm, water molecules will move into the cell through osmosis. This influx of water can cause the cell to swell and potentially burst, leading to cell lysis. Therefore, the statement that osmosis causes a cell to burst when placed in a hypotonic solution is correct.

Anterior refers to a body part that is toward the front or ventral side of the body. In anatomical terms, it means the position that is closer to the front of the body or the front side of an organ or structure. It is the opposite of "posterior," which refers to the body part that is toward the back or dorsal side of the body. These terms are commonly used in anatomy to describe the relative positions of various structures in the body.