Photosynthesis, Respiration, And Enzymes Review

Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyze chemical reactions in living organisms. They are essential for various metabolic processes and are found in all living things, ranging from microorganisms to plants and animals. Enzymes are not present in dead organisms, infected organisms, or developed organisms as they require a functioning cellular system to be active. Therefore, the correct answer is "living".

Water, temperature, and light intensity are all factors that can influence the rate of photosynthesis. Water is essential for photosynthesis as it is used in the process of converting carbon dioxide and light energy into glucose and oxygen. Temperature affects the rate of photosynthesis because enzymes involved in the process have specific temperature ranges at which they work optimally. Light intensity is also important as it provides the energy necessary for photosynthesis to occur. Therefore, it is true that water, temperature, and light intensity can affect the rate of photosynthesis.

ADP stands for Adenosine Diphosphate, which is a nucleotide composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups. It is an important molecule involved in cellular energy metabolism. When ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) releases one phosphate group, it becomes ADP, releasing energy that can be used by cells for various biological processes. Therefore, the statement "ADP stands for Adenosine Diphosphate" is true.

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts, meaning they speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. They do this by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Enzymes are highly specific and usually only catalyze one particular reaction or a group of closely related reactions. They bind to a specific molecule called a substrate and convert it into a product. Enzymes play a crucial role in various biological processes and are essential for the proper functioning of cells and organisms.

Autotrophs are organisms that are capable of producing their own food through processes such as photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. They are able to convert inorganic substances into organic compounds, such as glucose, which can be used as a source of energy. Autographs is a misspelling of autotrophs, but the correct answer is autotrophs.

Chlorophyll is the correct answer because it is the primary pigment used by plants in photosynthesis. It absorbs light energy from the sun and converts it into chemical energy, which is then used to produce glucose and oxygen. Chlorophyll gives plants their green color and is essential for the process of photosynthesis to occur.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. It occurs in the chloroplasts, which are organelles found in plant cells. Chloroplasts contain a pigment called chlorophyll that absorbs sunlight and uses it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Therefore, the correct answer is chloroplast.

During cellular respiration, energy is released. This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells and involves the breakdown of glucose molecules to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the main source of energy for cellular activities. Through a series of chemical reactions, the stored energy in glucose is released and converted into a usable form for the cell. This energy release is essential for various cellular functions such as muscle contraction, active transport, and synthesis of molecules.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. They are typically made up of proteins, although some RNA molecules can also act as enzymes. Enzymes play a crucial role in various metabolic processes, such as digestion, energy production, and DNA replication. Therefore, it is correct to say that all enzymes are proteins.

When the bonds of a glucose molecule are broken through a process like cellular respiration, energy is released in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This is because glucose is a high-energy molecule, and when its bonds are broken, the stored energy is released. This energy is then used by cells for various metabolic processes and to perform work. Therefore, the statement "When the bonds of a glucose molecule are broken, energy is released" is true.

Glucose is used by plant cells to provide energy for growth. It is a source of fuel that enables the cells to carry out various processes necessary for their development and expansion. Without glucose, plant cells would not have the necessary resources to grow and thrive.

In a chemical reaction, substances called products are formed. These products are the result of the reaction and are different from the reactants that were initially present. They can be solids, liquids, or gases, depending on the nature of the reaction. The products have different properties and composition compared to the reactants, and they are what we observe and analyze after a reaction has taken place.

Energy is released or absorbed whenever chemical bonds are broken. Chemical bonds store energy, and when they are broken, this energy is either released into the surroundings or absorbed from the surroundings. This energy change is a fundamental aspect of chemical reactions and is necessary for the rearrangement of atoms and the formation of new bonds. Therefore, energy is the correct answer for this question.

Aerobic processes require oxygen. This means that these processes can only occur in the presence of oxygen. Oxygen is necessary for the production of ATP, which is the main source of energy for cells. Aerobic processes include aerobic respiration, where glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP. These processes are important for sustaining life and are commonly found in organisms that require oxygen for survival.

Energy is passed down from one organism to another as one organism eats another. This is because energy is stored in the organic molecules of the consumed organism, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. When an organism consumes another organism, it breaks down these organic molecules through digestion and releases the stored energy. This energy is then utilized by the consuming organism for various biological processes, such as growth, movement, and reproduction. Therefore, energy transfer through consumption is a fundamental process in ecosystems, enabling the flow of energy from producers to consumers and throughout the food chain.

The overall reactions of photosynthesis and respiration are opposites. Photosynthesis is a process in which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, using sunlight as the energy source. In contrast, respiration is a process in which organisms break down glucose and oxygen to release carbon dioxide, water, and energy. While photosynthesis is an anabolic process that stores energy, respiration is a catabolic process that releases energy. Therefore, the two reactions are opposite in terms of the substances involved and the overall energy transformations that occur.

The correct word is Anaerobic.

The correct answer is Oxygen and Glucose. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP. Oxygen is required as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, while glucose is broken down through a series of reactions to release energy. Therefore, both oxygen and glucose are essential reactants in cellular respiration.

The correct answer is Hetertrophs. Organisms that cannot make their own food are called heterotrophs. Heterotrophs rely on consuming other organisms or organic matter for their energy and nutrients. They are unable to perform photosynthesis or chemosynthesis to produce their own food like autotrophs can. Autotrophs, on the other hand, are able to produce their own food using energy from sunlight or inorganic substances.

Yeasts are known to undergo alcohol fermentation, a type of anaerobic process, to break down glucose. In this process, yeasts convert glucose into ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide in the absence of oxygen. This process is commonly used in the production of alcoholic beverages and baking, where yeast is used to leaven dough. Lactic acid fermentation, on the other hand, is another type of anaerobic process but is not specific to yeasts. Aerobic respiration requires the presence of oxygen, which is not the case in the given question.

During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the primary source of energy for cellular processes. Therefore, the correct answer is energy.

ATP is the main energy currency in cells and provides the energy required for various cellular processes. Protein synthesis involves the production of proteins, which are essential for the structure and function of cells. Nucleic acid synthesis refers to the production of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, which are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. Therefore, energy from ATP powers the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids in the cell.

During lactic acid fermentation, one molecule of glucose is broken down to produce 2 molecules of lactic acid and a net gain of 2 molecules of ATP. This process occurs in the absence of oxygen and is commonly observed in certain microorganisms and in muscle cells during intense exercise when oxygen supply is limited. The production of ATP is crucial for providing energy to the cells for various metabolic processes.

During photosynthesis, plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. Glucose is a simple sugar that serves as the main source of energy for plants, while oxygen is released as a byproduct. This process is essential for the survival of plants and plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

During photosynthesis, energy from sunlight is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose molecules. This energy is stored in the bonds of the glucose molecules and can be used later by the plant for various cellular processes such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism. Therefore, the correct answer is "Stored."

Carbon Dioxide.

During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down through a series of metabolic reactions to produce energy in the form of ATP. One molecule of glucose can generate a maximum of 36 molecules of ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs in the mitochondria. This process involves the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis, which ultimately produce ATP. Therefore, the statement that 36 molecules of ATP are produced when one molecule of glucose is broken down by cellular respiration is true.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. They have specific temperature and pH ranges at which they work most efficiently. Temperature affects the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions by influencing the kinetic energy of the molecules involved. Enzymes have an optimal temperature at which they function best, and deviations from this temperature can denature the enzyme. pH, on the other hand, affects the ionic charges of amino acids in the enzyme's active site, altering its shape and affecting its ability to bind to substrates. Therefore, temperature and pH are crucial factors that determine the activity and effectiveness of enzymes.

Muscle cells use anaerobic respiration when oxygen is not available. Anaerobic respiration is a metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. During anaerobic respiration, glucose is broken down into pyruvate, which is then converted into either lactic acid or alcohol, depending on the organism. In the case of muscle cells, lactic acid is produced. This process allows muscle cells to continue producing energy even when there is a lack of oxygen, although it is less efficient than aerobic respiration.

Cells release energy by removing a phosphorus from ATP to produce ADP. This process is known as hydrolysis, where a water molecule is used to break the bond between the phosphorus and ATP, resulting in the release of energy. The energy released is then used for various cellular processes, such as muscle contraction, active transport, and synthesis of molecules.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide, water, and light energy into glucose and oxygen. The reactants of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and light energy, which are used by plants to produce glucose and release oxygen as a byproduct. Therefore, the statement that the reactants of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, oxygen, and light energy is true.

Photosynthesis is the process by which glucose is synthesized from inorganic materials in the environment, such as carbon dioxide and water, using sunlight as the source of energy. During photosynthesis, plants and some other organisms convert these inorganic materials into organic compounds, including glucose, which can be used as a source of energy. Therefore, the correct answer is "Inorganic material and called photosynthesis."

Coenzymes are organic molecules that assist enzymes in carrying out various biochemical reactions. They are usually derived from or made from vitamins and minerals. Vitamins are essential organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts for normal functioning, while minerals are inorganic elements that are also essential for various bodily functions. Coenzymes play a crucial role in facilitating enzyme activity and are often derived from vitamins and minerals, making the answer "Vitamins and Minerals" correct.