Phlebotomy Practice Quiz!

1. An open wound can be a portal of entry in an infection chain.

True

False

An open wound can be a portal of entry in an infection chain because it provides a direct pathway for microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, to enter the body. When the skin is broken, it loses its protective barrier and allows pathogens to invade the body, leading to an infection. Therefore, it is important to properly clean and cover open wounds to prevent the entry of harmful microorganisms and reduce the risk of infection.

Explanation

An open wound can be a portal of entry in an infection chain because it provides a direct pathway for microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, to enter the body. When the skin is broken, it loses its protective barrier and allows pathogens to invade the body, leading to an infection. Therefore, it is important to properly clean and cover open wounds to prevent the entry of harmful microorganisms and reduce the risk of infection.

2. The single, most important way to prevent the spread of infection while performing phlebotomy is by __________.

Wearing a mask

Cleaning spills

Washing hands

Burning waste

The single, most important way to prevent the spread of infection while performing phlebotomy is by washing hands. This is because hands can easily come into contact with pathogens and other infectious materials during the procedure. Washing hands with soap and water or using hand sanitizer effectively removes these pathogens, reducing the risk of spreading infection to both the phlebotomist and the patient. Wearing a mask, cleaning spills, and burning waste are also important infection control measures, but they are not as crucial as proper hand hygiene in preventing the spread of infection during phlebotomy.

Explanation

The single, most important way to prevent the spread of infection while performing phlebotomy is by washing hands. This is because hands can easily come into contact with pathogens and other infectious materials during the procedure. Washing hands with soap and water or using hand sanitizer effectively removes these pathogens, reducing the risk of spreading infection to both the phlebotomist and the patient. Wearing a mask, cleaning spills, and burning waste are also important infection control measures, but they are not as crucial as proper hand hygiene in preventing the spread of infection during phlebotomy.

3. After drawing blood from a patient, the phlebotomist should dispose of the needle by __________.

Breaking it so it cannot be reused by anyone

Depositing it in an approved "sharps container"

Todding it into waste cans in the laboratory

Recaqpping it carefully and bringing it back to the lab

After drawing blood from a patient, the phlebotomist should dispose of the needle by depositing it in an approved "sharps container." This is the correct answer because sharps containers are specifically designed to safely store used needles and other sharp medical instruments. By disposing of the needle in a sharps container, the phlebotomist ensures that it will be properly contained and cannot cause harm or be reused by anyone else. This is the recommended method of disposal to prevent accidental needlestick injuries and the spread of infections.

Explanation

After drawing blood from a patient, the phlebotomist should dispose of the needle by depositing it in an approved "sharps container." This is the correct answer because sharps containers are specifically designed to safely store used needles and other sharp medical instruments. By disposing of the needle in a sharps container, the phlebotomist ensures that it will be properly contained and cannot cause harm or be reused by anyone else. This is the recommended method of disposal to prevent accidental needlestick injuries and the spread of infections.

4. Latex sensitivity is an allergic reaction.

True

False

Latex sensitivity refers to an allergic reaction that occurs when a person comes into contact with latex, a natural rubber material. This reaction can range from mild symptoms such as skin irritation and itching to more severe symptoms like difficulty breathing and anaphylaxis. Therefore, the statement "Latex sensitivity is an allergic reaction" is true as it accurately describes the nature of latex sensitivity.

Explanation

Latex sensitivity refers to an allergic reaction that occurs when a person comes into contact with latex, a natural rubber material. This reaction can range from mild symptoms such as skin irritation and itching to more severe symptoms like difficulty breathing and anaphylaxis. Therefore, the statement "Latex sensitivity is an allergic reaction" is true as it accurately describes the nature of latex sensitivity.

5. Confirming an outpatients name and _____ provides two important identifiers for blood collection.

Blood type

Address

Date of birth

Appointment time

Confirming an outpatient's name and date of birth provides two important identifiers for blood collection. The name ensures that the correct patient is being treated, while the date of birth helps to further confirm their identity and prevent any mix-ups or errors. This information is crucial in ensuring that the blood collection process is accurate and safe for the patient.

Explanation

Confirming an outpatient's name and date of birth provides two important identifiers for blood collection. The name ensures that the correct patient is being treated, while the date of birth helps to further confirm their identity and prevent any mix-ups or errors. This information is crucial in ensuring that the blood collection process is accurate and safe for the patient.

6. A tube adapter that has been visibly contaminated with blood should be disposed of in __________.

A sealed double bag

The regular trash

A biohazardous waste container

A needle cutter

The tube adapter that has been visibly contaminated with blood should be disposed of in a biohazardous waste container. This is because blood is considered a biohazard and can potentially contain infectious materials. Disposing of the contaminated tube adapter in a biohazardous waste container ensures proper containment and prevents any potential spread of infection.

Explanation

The tube adapter that has been visibly contaminated with blood should be disposed of in a biohazardous waste container. This is because blood is considered a biohazard and can potentially contain infectious materials. Disposing of the contaminated tube adapter in a biohazardous waste container ensures proper containment and prevents any potential spread of infection.

7. Which of the following causes AIDS?

HBV

HIV

CMV

RSV

HIV causes AIDS. HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells. Over time, HIV weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to opportunistic infections and diseases. If left untreated, HIV can progress to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a condition characterized by severe immune system damage. AIDS is a chronic and potentially life-threatening condition, making HIV the correct answer to the question.

Explanation

HIV causes AIDS. HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells. Over time, HIV weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to opportunistic infections and diseases. If left untreated, HIV can progress to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a condition characterized by severe immune system damage. AIDS is a chronic and potentially life-threatening condition, making HIV the correct answer to the question.

8. When performing a routine skin puncture, the site should be alcohol cleaned and _____

Rinsed with soap and water

Followed by iodine cleaning

Allowed to air dry on its own

Blown dry to expedite things

When performing a routine skin puncture, it is important to clean the site with alcohol to disinfect it. After cleaning with alcohol, the site should be allowed to air dry on its own. This is because allowing the site to air dry helps to prevent any contamination from towels or other materials that may not be completely sterile. Air drying also gives time for the alcohol to evaporate, ensuring that the site is dry before the puncture is performed.

Explanation

When performing a routine skin puncture, it is important to clean the site with alcohol to disinfect it. After cleaning with alcohol, the site should be allowed to air dry on its own. This is because allowing the site to air dry helps to prevent any contamination from towels or other materials that may not be completely sterile. Air drying also gives time for the alcohol to evaporate, ensuring that the site is dry before the puncture is performed.

9. Because bacteria and other microorganisms can be found anywhere, all health care personnel should maintain sterility when handling __________.

IV supplies

Catheters

Instruments

All of the above

Bacteria and other microorganisms can be present in various medical supplies such as IV supplies, catheters, and instruments. Therefore, it is important for all healthcare personnel to maintain sterility when handling these items to prevent the spread of infections and ensure patient safety.

Explanation

Bacteria and other microorganisms can be present in various medical supplies such as IV supplies, catheters, and instruments. Therefore, it is important for all healthcare personnel to maintain sterility when handling these items to prevent the spread of infections and ensure patient safety.

10. The proper way to insert a needle is with the bevel facing ____________.

Up

Down

Left

Right

The proper way to insert a needle is with the bevel facing up. This is because the bevel is the slanted opening at the tip of the needle, and inserting it with the bevel facing up allows for easier penetration into the skin or tissue. It also helps to minimize tissue damage and discomfort for the patient.

Explanation

The proper way to insert a needle is with the bevel facing up. This is because the bevel is the slanted opening at the tip of the needle, and inserting it with the bevel facing up allows for easier penetration into the skin or tissue. It also helps to minimize tissue damage and discomfort for the patient.

11. If a patient refuses treatment you should

Restrain him

Call 911

Tell your supervisor

Tell them it is their life

When a patient refuses treatment, it is important to inform your supervisor. This is because your supervisor needs to be made aware of the situation and can provide guidance on how to proceed. They may have specific protocols or procedures in place for handling situations where a patient refuses treatment. By notifying your supervisor, you are ensuring that the appropriate steps are taken to address the patient's refusal and to ensure their well-being.

Explanation

When a patient refuses treatment, it is important to inform your supervisor. This is because your supervisor needs to be made aware of the situation and can provide guidance on how to proceed. They may have specific protocols or procedures in place for handling situations where a patient refuses treatment. By notifying your supervisor, you are ensuring that the appropriate steps are taken to address the patient's refusal and to ensure their well-being.

12. Which is not a PPE?

Mask

Goggles

Room dividers

Glocves

Room dividers are not considered personal protective equipment (PPE) as they do not provide any form of physical protection to individuals. PPE is designed to protect against hazards and risks in the workplace, such as masks for respiratory protection, goggles for eye protection, and gloves for hand protection. Room dividers are typically used for privacy or dividing spaces and do not serve the purpose of protecting individuals from physical harm or exposure to hazards.

Explanation

Room dividers are not considered personal protective equipment (PPE) as they do not provide any form of physical protection to individuals. PPE is designed to protect against hazards and risks in the workplace, such as masks for respiratory protection, goggles for eye protection, and gloves for hand protection. Room dividers are typically used for privacy or dividing spaces and do not serve the purpose of protecting individuals from physical harm or exposure to hazards.

13. When entering a room marked with isolation signs, __________.

Ask a nurse if gown, mask or gloves are needed

Ask the patient what the nurses wear

Go on it, as short visits in isolation do not matter

Read isolation signs to deternine what PPE is appropriate

When entering a room marked with isolation signs, it is important to read the signs to determine what Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is appropriate. This is necessary in order to protect oneself and prevent the spread of any potential infections or diseases. Asking a nurse if gown, mask, or gloves are needed is also a good option, but the most immediate and direct way to determine the appropriate PPE is by reading the isolation signs. Asking the patient what the nurses wear may not provide accurate information as the patient may not be aware of the specific PPE requirements. Going in without proper PPE is not recommended as it can put oneself and others at risk.

Explanation

When entering a room marked with isolation signs, it is important to read the signs to determine what Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is appropriate. This is necessary in order to protect oneself and prevent the spread of any potential infections or diseases. Asking a nurse if gown, mask, or gloves are needed is also a good option, but the most immediate and direct way to determine the appropriate PPE is by reading the isolation signs. Asking the patient what the nurses wear may not provide accurate information as the patient may not be aware of the specific PPE requirements. Going in without proper PPE is not recommended as it can put oneself and others at risk.

14. What is the most important step in preventing infections?

Using tissues

Handwashing

Wearing gloves

Isolation

Handwashing is the most important step in preventing infections because it helps to remove germs and bacteria from our hands. Our hands come into contact with various surfaces throughout the day, and if we touch our face or other parts of our body, we can transfer those germs and bacteria, leading to infections. Handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds helps to kill the germs and prevent the spread of infections. It is a simple and effective way to maintain personal hygiene and reduce the risk of getting sick.

Explanation

Handwashing is the most important step in preventing infections because it helps to remove germs and bacteria from our hands. Our hands come into contact with various surfaces throughout the day, and if we touch our face or other parts of our body, we can transfer those germs and bacteria, leading to infections. Handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds helps to kill the germs and prevent the spread of infections. It is a simple and effective way to maintain personal hygiene and reduce the risk of getting sick.

15. The most important step in the performance of a venipuncture is

Selecting needle size

Collecting enough sample

Identifying the patient

Positioning the patient

Identifying the patient is the most important step in the performance of a venipuncture because it ensures that the procedure is being performed on the correct individual. Proper patient identification helps prevent errors such as collecting samples from the wrong person or administering treatments to the wrong patient. It is crucial for patient safety and to maintain accurate medical records.

Explanation

Identifying the patient is the most important step in the performance of a venipuncture because it ensures that the procedure is being performed on the correct individual. Proper patient identification helps prevent errors such as collecting samples from the wrong person or administering treatments to the wrong patient. It is crucial for patient safety and to maintain accurate medical records.

16. Can a phlebotomist legally draw blood from a fully cognizant (awake and aware) patient who refuses consent to it?

No

Yes with nurse consent

Yes with physician concent

Yes with administrative consent

The correct answer is "no" because a phlebotomist cannot legally draw blood from a fully cognizant patient who refuses consent. Informed consent is a fundamental principle in healthcare, and patients have the right to refuse any medical procedure, including blood draws. Without the patient's consent, it would be considered a violation of their rights and potentially illegal to proceed with the blood draw.

Explanation

The correct answer is "no" because a phlebotomist cannot legally draw blood from a fully cognizant patient who refuses consent. Informed consent is a fundamental principle in healthcare, and patients have the right to refuse any medical procedure, including blood draws. Without the patient's consent, it would be considered a violation of their rights and potentially illegal to proceed with the blood draw.

17. The heart, lymphatic organs, and blood vessels are in the __________.

Respiratory system

Cardiovascular system

Digestive system

Urinary system

The heart, lymphatic organs, and blood vessels are all components of the cardiovascular system. The cardiovascular system is responsible for circulating blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells and removing waste products. The heart acts as a pump, while the blood vessels transport the blood. The lymphatic organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, are also part of the cardiovascular system as they help filter and produce lymph, which is a fluid that plays a role in immune function.

Explanation

The heart, lymphatic organs, and blood vessels are all components of the cardiovascular system. The cardiovascular system is responsible for circulating blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells and removing waste products. The heart acts as a pump, while the blood vessels transport the blood. The lymphatic organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, are also part of the cardiovascular system as they help filter and produce lymph, which is a fluid that plays a role in immune function.

18. The study of blood is called __________.

Hematology

Hematoxins

Hemoglobin

Hemolysis

Hematology is the correct answer because it is the study of blood. It involves the examination of blood cells, blood diseases, and the processes of blood clotting and coagulation. Hematoxins are toxic substances that affect the blood, hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, and hemolysis is the breakdown of red blood cells.

Explanation

Hematology is the correct answer because it is the study of blood. It involves the examination of blood cells, blood diseases, and the processes of blood clotting and coagulation. Hematoxins are toxic substances that affect the blood, hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, and hemolysis is the breakdown of red blood cells.

19. Microorganisms that cause diseases

Hereditary

Normal flora

Nonpathogens

Pathogenic

Pathogenic microorganisms are those that have the ability to cause diseases in their host organisms. They can invade the host's body, multiply, and disrupt normal bodily functions, leading to the development of various illnesses. Unlike nonpathogens, which do not cause diseases, pathogenic microorganisms have specific mechanisms and characteristics that allow them to cause harm to their host. Understanding the pathogenicity of these microorganisms is crucial in diagnosing and treating infectious diseases.

Explanation

Pathogenic microorganisms are those that have the ability to cause diseases in their host organisms. They can invade the host's body, multiply, and disrupt normal bodily functions, leading to the development of various illnesses. Unlike nonpathogens, which do not cause diseases, pathogenic microorganisms have specific mechanisms and characteristics that allow them to cause harm to their host. Understanding the pathogenicity of these microorganisms is crucial in diagnosing and treating infectious diseases.

20. Which additive is usually in a lavender tube?

Citrate

EDTA

Heparin

Oxalate

A lavender tube is typically used for collecting blood samples for hematology tests, such as complete blood count (CBC). EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is commonly used as an anticoagulant in these tubes to prevent blood clotting. It works by binding to calcium ions, which are necessary for the clotting process. This allows the blood sample to remain in a liquid state and preserves the integrity of the blood cells for accurate testing.

Explanation

A lavender tube is typically used for collecting blood samples for hematology tests, such as complete blood count (CBC). EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is commonly used as an anticoagulant in these tubes to prevent blood clotting. It works by binding to calcium ions, which are necessary for the clotting process. This allows the blood sample to remain in a liquid state and preserves the integrity of the blood cells for accurate testing.

21. A patient in the Oncology Dept. is probably being treated for _______________.

Diabetes

Pregnancy

Phlebitis

Cancer

A patient in the Oncology Dept. is probably being treated for cancer. Oncology is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that a patient in the Oncology Dept. is being treated for cancer.

Explanation

A patient in the Oncology Dept. is probably being treated for cancer. Oncology is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that a patient in the Oncology Dept. is being treated for cancer.

22. In a routine blolod draw the red tube is drawn before the green tube.

True

False

In a routine blood draw, the red tube is drawn before the green tube. This is because the red tube is typically used to collect blood for serum or chemistry tests, while the green tube is used for collecting blood for plasma or whole blood tests. The order of drawing the tubes is important to ensure accurate test results and to prevent cross-contamination between the tubes. Therefore, it is true that the red tube is drawn before the green tube in a routine blood draw.

Explanation

In a routine blood draw, the red tube is drawn before the green tube. This is because the red tube is typically used to collect blood for serum or chemistry tests, while the green tube is used for collecting blood for plasma or whole blood tests. The order of drawing the tubes is important to ensure accurate test results and to prevent cross-contamination between the tubes. Therefore, it is true that the red tube is drawn before the green tube in a routine blood draw.

23. Before performing a venipuncture, why will a phlebotomist tie a tourniquet?

To insure thrombosis occurs

To elevate the blood pressure

To help locate the veins in the antecubital

To dull the pain at the puncture site

A phlebotomist will tie a tourniquet before performing a venipuncture to help locate the veins in the antecubital. By applying pressure to the area, the veins become more visible and easier to access, ensuring a successful blood draw.

Explanation

A phlebotomist will tie a tourniquet before performing a venipuncture to help locate the veins in the antecubital. By applying pressure to the area, the veins become more visible and easier to access, ensuring a successful blood draw.

24. Which is not an infection control method?

Sphygmomanometers

Hand washing

Protective clothing

Biohazard containers

Sphygmomanometers are not an infection control method because they are used to measure blood pressure and do not directly prevent the spread of infections. Protective clothing, biohazard containers, and hand washing are all infection control methods commonly used in healthcare settings.

Explanation

Sphygmomanometers are not an infection control method because they are used to measure blood pressure and do not directly prevent the spread of infections. Protective clothing, biohazard containers, and hand washing are all infection control methods commonly used in healthcare settings.

25. Chemicals that precent blood from clotting are called __________.

Preservatives

Activators

Anticoagulants

Adhesives

Anticoagulants are chemicals that prevent blood from clotting. They work by inhibiting the clotting factors in the blood, such as thrombin and fibrinogen. This helps to prevent the formation of blood clots, which can be dangerous and lead to conditions like deep vein thrombosis or stroke. Anticoagulants are commonly used in medical treatments, such as during surgeries or for patients with certain medical conditions like atrial fibrillation. They are also used in laboratory settings to prevent blood samples from clotting, allowing for accurate testing and analysis.

Explanation

Anticoagulants are chemicals that prevent blood from clotting. They work by inhibiting the clotting factors in the blood, such as thrombin and fibrinogen. This helps to prevent the formation of blood clots, which can be dangerous and lead to conditions like deep vein thrombosis or stroke. Anticoagulants are commonly used in medical treatments, such as during surgeries or for patients with certain medical conditions like atrial fibrillation. They are also used in laboratory settings to prevent blood samples from clotting, allowing for accurate testing and analysis.

26. The hands of the phlebotomist should be washed _________

Before inspection collection

After specimen collection

Even though gloves are used

All answers are correct

The correct answer is "all answers are correct" because it is important for the phlebotomist to wash their hands before and after specimen collection to maintain proper hygiene and prevent the spread of infections. Even if gloves are used during the collection process, handwashing is still necessary as gloves may have small tears or punctures that can expose the phlebotomist to potential pathogens. Therefore, all the given options are correct in emphasizing the importance of handwashing in phlebotomy.

Explanation

The correct answer is "all answers are correct" because it is important for the phlebotomist to wash their hands before and after specimen collection to maintain proper hygiene and prevent the spread of infections. Even if gloves are used during the collection process, handwashing is still necessary as gloves may have small tears or punctures that can expose the phlebotomist to potential pathogens. Therefore, all the given options are correct in emphasizing the importance of handwashing in phlebotomy.

27. Which of the following is the single most common source of HIV and HBV in the workplace?

Semen

Saliva

Pleural fluid

Blood

Blood is the single most common source of HIV and HBV in the workplace because these viruses can be transmitted through contact with infected blood. HIV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. HBV is mainly transmitted through sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth. While other bodily fluids such as semen, saliva, and pleural fluid may contain these viruses, the concentration of the virus in blood is typically higher, making it a more significant source of transmission.

Explanation

Blood is the single most common source of HIV and HBV in the workplace because these viruses can be transmitted through contact with infected blood. HIV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. HBV is mainly transmitted through sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth. While other bodily fluids such as semen, saliva, and pleural fluid may contain these viruses, the concentration of the virus in blood is typically higher, making it a more significant source of transmission.

28. The process by which an object or area becomes unclean is known as __________.

Contamination

Infection

Sterilization

Colonization

Contamination refers to the process of an object or area becoming unclean. It involves the introduction of unwanted or harmful substances, such as dirt, germs, or pollutants, into a previously clean or sterile environment. This can occur through various means, such as physical contact, airborne particles, or exposure to contaminated surfaces or substances. Contamination can pose risks to health and safety, as it can lead to the spread of infections or diseases. Therefore, it is important to take measures to prevent and control contamination in order to maintain cleanliness and hygiene.

Explanation

Contamination refers to the process of an object or area becoming unclean. It involves the introduction of unwanted or harmful substances, such as dirt, germs, or pollutants, into a previously clean or sterile environment. This can occur through various means, such as physical contact, airborne particles, or exposure to contaminated surfaces or substances. Contamination can pose risks to health and safety, as it can lead to the spread of infections or diseases. Therefore, it is important to take measures to prevent and control contamination in order to maintain cleanliness and hygiene.

29. When using evacuated tubes for blood collection, it is crucial to remember to __________.

Never to under fill tubes that contain anticoagulant

Never to use tubes past their stated expiration date

Immediately invert any tubes that contain additives

All of the above

When using evacuated tubes for blood collection, it is important to remember to never under fill tubes that contain anticoagulant, never use tubes past their stated expiration date, and immediately invert any tubes that contain additives. All of these actions are crucial for ensuring accurate and reliable blood collection and analysis. Under filling tubes can lead to improper blood-to-additive ratio, affecting test results. Using expired tubes can compromise the integrity of the sample and potentially yield inaccurate results. Inverting tubes with additives ensures proper mixing of the blood and additive, preventing clotting and ensuring accurate analysis.

Explanation

When using evacuated tubes for blood collection, it is important to remember to never under fill tubes that contain anticoagulant, never use tubes past their stated expiration date, and immediately invert any tubes that contain additives. All of these actions are crucial for ensuring accurate and reliable blood collection and analysis. Under filling tubes can lead to improper blood-to-additive ratio, affecting test results. Using expired tubes can compromise the integrity of the sample and potentially yield inaccurate results. Inverting tubes with additives ensures proper mixing of the blood and additive, preventing clotting and ensuring accurate analysis.

30. Taking aspirin is most likely going to effect a BT test.

True

False

Taking aspirin is most likely going to affect a BT test because aspirin is a blood thinner. BT stands for bleeding time, which is a test that measures how long it takes for a person's blood to clot. Aspirin inhibits the aggregation of platelets, which are responsible for clot formation. Therefore, taking aspirin can prolong bleeding time and affect the results of a BT test.

Explanation

Taking aspirin is most likely going to affect a BT test because aspirin is a blood thinner. BT stands for bleeding time, which is a test that measures how long it takes for a person's blood to clot. Aspirin inhibits the aggregation of platelets, which are responsible for clot formation. Therefore, taking aspirin can prolong bleeding time and affect the results of a BT test.

31. Safe working conditions for employees are regulated by __________.

FDA

OSHA

CDC

CLSI

OSHA stands for Occupational Safety and Health Administration. It is a regulatory agency that ensures safe and healthy working conditions for employees. OSHA sets and enforces standards, provides training and education, and conducts inspections to promote workplace safety. It is responsible for preventing workplace injuries, illnesses, and fatalities by enforcing regulations related to hazardous materials, machinery, equipment, and other workplace hazards. OSHA plays a crucial role in protecting the rights and well-being of workers across various industries.

Explanation

OSHA stands for Occupational Safety and Health Administration. It is a regulatory agency that ensures safe and healthy working conditions for employees. OSHA sets and enforces standards, provides training and education, and conducts inspections to promote workplace safety. It is responsible for preventing workplace injuries, illnesses, and fatalities by enforcing regulations related to hazardous materials, machinery, equipment, and other workplace hazards. OSHA plays a crucial role in protecting the rights and well-being of workers across various industries.

32. The first drop of blood in a capillary puncture is the best for analysis.

True

False

The first drop of blood in a capillary puncture is not necessarily the best for analysis. While it is commonly believed that the first drop contains the most accurate results, this is not always the case. The first drop may be contaminated with tissue fluid or alcohol from the skin, which can affect the accuracy of the analysis. It is recommended to discard the first drop and collect subsequent drops for analysis.

Explanation

The first drop of blood in a capillary puncture is not necessarily the best for analysis. While it is commonly believed that the first drop contains the most accurate results, this is not always the case. The first drop may be contaminated with tissue fluid or alcohol from the skin, which can affect the accuracy of the analysis. It is recommended to discard the first drop and collect subsequent drops for analysis.

33. Which of these needle has the smallest bore or diameter?

15 gauge

23 Gauge

20 Gauge

22 Gauge

The needle with the smallest bore or diameter is the 23 gauge needle. Needle gauges are inversely related to their size, meaning that the smaller the gauge number, the larger the needle diameter. Therefore, among the given options, the 23 gauge needle has the smallest bore or diameter.

Explanation

The needle with the smallest bore or diameter is the 23 gauge needle. Needle gauges are inversely related to their size, meaning that the smaller the gauge number, the larger the needle diameter. Therefore, among the given options, the 23 gauge needle has the smallest bore or diameter.

34. Paul phlebotomist draws CBC on patient fred jones , labels the lavender top tube and remove his gloves to go to lunch. Before he can leave patient Sam smith is sent to phlebotomist to have a full lipid profile drawn. paul puts on new gloves and draws a red top tube he recors the # hours post prandial. what step is missing?

Hands arent washed in between

Hours postprandial arent needed

Red top tube is incorrect

Laender tube is incorrect

The step that is missing is that the phlebotomist did not wash his hands in between drawing the lavender top tube for Fred Jones and drawing the red top tube for Sam Smith. It is important to wash hands in between patients to prevent the spread of germs and ensure proper hygiene.

Explanation

The step that is missing is that the phlebotomist did not wash his hands in between drawing the lavender top tube for Fred Jones and drawing the red top tube for Sam Smith. It is important to wash hands in between patients to prevent the spread of germs and ensure proper hygiene.

35. Negligence by a professional person is called __________.

Invasion of privacy

Slander

Malpractice

Tort

Negligence by a professional person refers to the failure to provide the standard level of care or skill expected in their profession, resulting in harm or injury to another person. This term specifically applies to professionals such as doctors, lawyers, or accountants. The term "malpractice" is commonly used to describe this type of negligence in professional settings.

Explanation

Negligence by a professional person refers to the failure to provide the standard level of care or skill expected in their profession, resulting in harm or injury to another person. This term specifically applies to professionals such as doctors, lawyers, or accountants. The term "malpractice" is commonly used to describe this type of negligence in professional settings.

36. A violation of a person's right to have his or her name, photograph, or private affairs made public without giving consent is called __________.

Assault

Malpractice

Invasion of privacy

Battery

Invasion of privacy refers to the act of violating someone's right to keep their personal information, such as their name, photograph, or private affairs, private without their consent. This can occur through various means, such as unauthorized publication or dissemination of personal information. It is a breach of an individual's privacy rights and can have legal consequences.

Explanation

Invasion of privacy refers to the act of violating someone's right to keep their personal information, such as their name, photograph, or private affairs, private without their consent. This can occur through various means, such as unauthorized publication or dissemination of personal information. It is a breach of an individual's privacy rights and can have legal consequences.

37. The following were collected for a routine venipuncture. Which item is incorrect?

Tubes

Iodine swab

Touniquet

Safety needles

The incorrect item in the list is the iodine swab. This is because iodine swabs are not typically used for routine venipuncture. Instead, alcohol swabs or chlorhexidine swabs are commonly used to clean the site before the procedure.

Explanation

The incorrect item in the list is the iodine swab. This is because iodine swabs are not typically used for routine venipuncture. Instead, alcohol swabs or chlorhexidine swabs are commonly used to clean the site before the procedure.

38. The hormone detected in a positive pregnancy test is

ACTH

GH

HCG

TSH

The hormone detected in a positive pregnancy test is HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin). HCG is produced by the placenta during pregnancy and can be detected in a woman's urine or blood. It is the hormone that confirms pregnancy as it is only produced when a fertilized egg implants in the uterus. ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone), GH (Growth hormone), and TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone) are not related to pregnancy.

Explanation

The hormone detected in a positive pregnancy test is HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin). HCG is produced by the placenta during pregnancy and can be detected in a woman's urine or blood. It is the hormone that confirms pregnancy as it is only produced when a fertilized egg implants in the uterus. ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone), GH (Growth hormone), and TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone) are not related to pregnancy.

39. In a routine venipuncture the lavender tube should be drawn before the red tube.

True

False

In a routine venipuncture, the lavender tube should be drawn after the red tube. This is because the lavender tube is used to collect blood for hematological tests, which require the blood to be mixed with an anticoagulant to prevent clotting. The red tube, on the other hand, is used to collect blood for serum tests, which require the blood to clot before separating the serum. Therefore, it is important to draw the lavender tube first to ensure that the blood is properly anticoagulated.

Explanation

In a routine venipuncture, the lavender tube should be drawn after the red tube. This is because the lavender tube is used to collect blood for hematological tests, which require the blood to be mixed with an anticoagulant to prevent clotting. The red tube, on the other hand, is used to collect blood for serum tests, which require the blood to clot before separating the serum. Therefore, it is important to draw the lavender tube first to ensure that the blood is properly anticoagulated.

40. Sodium Citrate is the additive in which tube?

Red

Gray

Light blue

Green

Sodium Citrate is the additive used in the light blue tube.

Explanation

Sodium Citrate is the additive used in the light blue tube.

41. What information must be included if the phlebotomist must manually label a blood collection tube from an outpatient?

Patients full name and phlebotomist initials

Date of patients birth and/or social security number

Date and time of draw

All of the above

To manually label a blood collection tube from an outpatient, the phlebotomist must include the patient's full name and phlebotomist initials to ensure proper identification. Additionally, the date and time of the draw must be included for accurate record-keeping and to track the freshness of the sample. The patient's date of birth and/or social security number may also be necessary for further verification and documentation purposes. Therefore, all of the above information must be included when manually labeling a blood collection tube from an outpatient.

Explanation

To manually label a blood collection tube from an outpatient, the phlebotomist must include the patient's full name and phlebotomist initials to ensure proper identification. Additionally, the date and time of the draw must be included for accurate record-keeping and to track the freshness of the sample. The patient's date of birth and/or social security number may also be necessary for further verification and documentation purposes. Therefore, all of the above information must be included when manually labeling a blood collection tube from an outpatient.

42. A clean catch test is collected in a:

Red tube

Royal blue tube

Sterile cup

Yellow tube

A clean catch test is collected in a sterile cup because it is important to collect a urine sample in a clean and uncontaminated manner. Using a sterile cup helps to ensure that the sample is free from any external bacteria or contaminants that could affect the test results. Additionally, a sterile cup allows for easy collection and transportation of the urine sample to the laboratory for analysis.

Explanation

A clean catch test is collected in a sterile cup because it is important to collect a urine sample in a clean and uncontaminated manner. Using a sterile cup helps to ensure that the sample is free from any external bacteria or contaminants that could affect the test results. Additionally, a sterile cup allows for easy collection and transportation of the urine sample to the laboratory for analysis.

43. Which of the following veins is most commonly used for venipuncture during phlebotomy?

Cephalic vein

Basilic vein

Median cubital vein

Femoral vein

The median cubital vein, located in the antecubital fossa (the area inside the elbow), is the most commonly used vein for venipuncture during phlebotomy. It is preferred due to its large size, superficial location, and relative stability during needle insertion. The cephalic and basilic veins are also used but are less preferred due to their more variable positions and proximity to arteries and nerves. The femoral vein is used less frequently due to its deeper location and increased risk of complications.

Explanation

The median cubital vein, located in the antecubital fossa (the area inside the elbow), is the most commonly used vein for venipuncture during phlebotomy. It is preferred due to its large size, superficial location, and relative stability during needle insertion. The cephalic and basilic veins are also used but are less preferred due to their more variable positions and proximity to arteries and nerves. The femoral vein is used less frequently due to its deeper location and increased risk of complications.

44. If the information of the patients id breacelet is NOT identical to the information on the phlebotomy test requisition and labels for that patient, the phlebotomist should _____

Telephone the physician for help in identifying the patient

Refrain from drawing the sample until ID is resolved

Change the ID band information to match the requisition

Ignore the id bracelet and proceed

If the information of the patient's ID bracelet is not identical to the information on the phlebotomy test requisition and labels for that patient, the phlebotomist should refrain from drawing the sample until ID is resolved. This is because it is crucial to ensure accurate identification of the patient before proceeding with any medical procedure. Drawing a sample without resolving the ID discrepancy could lead to potential errors and risks in patient care. It is important to prioritize patient safety and take the necessary steps to resolve any identification issues before proceeding.

Explanation

If the information of the patient's ID bracelet is not identical to the information on the phlebotomy test requisition and labels for that patient, the phlebotomist should refrain from drawing the sample until ID is resolved. This is because it is crucial to ensure accurate identification of the patient before proceeding with any medical procedure. Drawing a sample without resolving the ID discrepancy could lead to potential errors and risks in patient care. It is important to prioritize patient safety and take the necessary steps to resolve any identification issues before proceeding.

45. Which of the following is not known to transmit HIV?

Vaginal secretions

Breast milk

Semen

Sweat

Sweat is not known to transmit HIV because the virus cannot survive outside of the body for long periods of time. HIV is primarily transmitted through specific bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. Sweat does not contain a high enough concentration of the virus to transmit it to another person. Therefore, it is not considered a mode of transmission for HIV.

Explanation

Sweat is not known to transmit HIV because the virus cannot survive outside of the body for long periods of time. HIV is primarily transmitted through specific bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. Sweat does not contain a high enough concentration of the virus to transmit it to another person. Therefore, it is not considered a mode of transmission for HIV.

46. OSHA requires training and educational information on bloodborne pathogens to be given to employees __________.

At a reasonable cost

At no cost

For a pre-agreed fee

None of the above

OSHA requires training and educational information on bloodborne pathogens to be given to employees at no cost. This means that employers are obligated to provide this training and information to their employees without charging them any fees. The aim is to ensure that employees have access to the necessary knowledge and resources to protect themselves from potential risks and hazards related to bloodborne pathogens, without any financial burden.

Explanation

OSHA requires training and educational information on bloodborne pathogens to be given to employees at no cost. This means that employers are obligated to provide this training and information to their employees without charging them any fees. The aim is to ensure that employees have access to the necessary knowledge and resources to protect themselves from potential risks and hazards related to bloodborne pathogens, without any financial burden.

47. Sodium Citrate have what color stoppers?

Light blue

Red

Lavender

Green

Sodium Citrate is commonly used as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes. The light blue color of the stoppers indicates that the tube contains sodium citrate as an additive. This color coding system helps healthcare professionals easily identify the type of tube and the anticoagulant present, ensuring accurate blood sample collection and testing.

Explanation

Sodium Citrate is commonly used as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes. The light blue color of the stoppers indicates that the tube contains sodium citrate as an additive. This color coding system helps healthcare professionals easily identify the type of tube and the anticoagulant present, ensuring accurate blood sample collection and testing.

48. There is a 9 to 1 ratio nof blood to anticoagulant in a light blue tube.

True

False

In a light blue tube, there is a 9 to 1 ratio of blood to anticoagulant. This means that for every 9 parts of blood, there is 1 part of anticoagulant in the tube. This ratio is important because it helps prevent the blood from clotting during testing or storage. The anticoagulant helps keep the blood in a liquid state, allowing for accurate analysis and testing. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation

In a light blue tube, there is a 9 to 1 ratio of blood to anticoagulant. This means that for every 9 parts of blood, there is 1 part of anticoagulant in the tube. This ratio is important because it helps prevent the blood from clotting during testing or storage. The anticoagulant helps keep the blood in a liquid state, allowing for accurate analysis and testing. Therefore, the statement is true.

49. Which needle has the largest gauge?

16

21

22

23

The needle with the largest gauge is 16. The gauge of a needle refers to its diameter, with a larger gauge indicating a smaller diameter. Therefore, out of the options given, 16 has the largest gauge.

Explanation

The needle with the largest gauge is 16. The gauge of a needle refers to its diameter, with a larger gauge indicating a smaller diameter. Therefore, out of the options given, 16 has the largest gauge.

50. Lavender, Yellow and Green tubes should all be inverted 8 times each.

True

False

The correct answer is true because inverting the tubes helps to mix the contents thoroughly. Inverting the tubes multiple times ensures that any sediment or particles are evenly distributed throughout the solution. This is important for accurate and consistent results in various scientific and medical procedures.

Explanation

The correct answer is true because inverting the tubes helps to mix the contents thoroughly. Inverting the tubes multiple times ensures that any sediment or particles are evenly distributed throughout the solution. This is important for accurate and consistent results in various scientific and medical procedures.

51. Treating all specimens as if they are hazardous and infectionsis the basis for __________.

Isolation

Quality control

Universal precautions

Hazardous waste control

Treating all specimens as if they are hazardous and infections is the basis for universal precautions. This approach ensures that healthcare workers take necessary precautions to prevent the transmission of infections, regardless of the perceived risk level of the specimen. By following universal precautions, healthcare professionals can protect themselves and others from potential exposure to pathogens and maintain a safe working environment.

Explanation

Treating all specimens as if they are hazardous and infections is the basis for universal precautions. This approach ensures that healthcare workers take necessary precautions to prevent the transmission of infections, regardless of the perceived risk level of the specimen. By following universal precautions, healthcare professionals can protect themselves and others from potential exposure to pathogens and maintain a safe working environment.

52. In health care, when all evaluated services and results compate within acceptable standards, principles of __________ are being used.

Quality assurance

Regulatory bodies

Networking

Risk management

Quality assurance in healthcare refers to the systematic processes and activities implemented to ensure that all evaluated services and results meet acceptable standards. It involves monitoring and evaluating the quality of healthcare services, identifying areas for improvement, and implementing measures to maintain and enhance the quality of care provided. By using quality assurance principles, healthcare organizations strive to deliver safe, effective, and patient-centered care, ultimately improving outcomes for patients.

Explanation

Quality assurance in healthcare refers to the systematic processes and activities implemented to ensure that all evaluated services and results meet acceptable standards. It involves monitoring and evaluating the quality of healthcare services, identifying areas for improvement, and implementing measures to maintain and enhance the quality of care provided. By using quality assurance principles, healthcare organizations strive to deliver safe, effective, and patient-centered care, ultimately improving outcomes for patients.

53. Which tube is drawn last in a standard venipuncture procedure?

Blood culture tube

Lavender

Light-blue

Red

In a standard venipuncture procedure, the lavender tube is drawn last. This tube is used to collect blood samples for complete blood count (CBC) tests. The lavender tube contains an anticoagulant called ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), which prevents blood from clotting. By drawing the lavender tube last, the risk of cross-contamination with other tubes is minimized, ensuring accurate test results.

Explanation

In a standard venipuncture procedure, the lavender tube is drawn last. This tube is used to collect blood samples for complete blood count (CBC) tests. The lavender tube contains an anticoagulant called ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), which prevents blood from clotting. By drawing the lavender tube last, the risk of cross-contamination with other tubes is minimized, ensuring accurate test results.

54. The left ventricle delivers oxygenated blood to the aorta.

True

False

The left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. From the aorta, the oxygenated blood is distributed to the rest of the body, providing oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and organs. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation

The left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. From the aorta, the oxygenated blood is distributed to the rest of the body, providing oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and organs. Therefore, the statement is true.

55. All patients are presumed to be infectious for ___________.

Blood borne pathogens

TB

Flu

Common cold

All patients are presumed to be infectious for blood borne pathogens. This means that healthcare providers should take precautions to prevent the transmission of diseases that can be spread through contact with infected blood or other bodily fluids. These precautions include wearing gloves, using sterile equipment, and following proper procedures for handling and disposing of potentially contaminated materials. It is important to assume that all patients may be carrying blood borne pathogens in order to protect both healthcare providers and other patients from potential infections.

Explanation

All patients are presumed to be infectious for blood borne pathogens. This means that healthcare providers should take precautions to prevent the transmission of diseases that can be spread through contact with infected blood or other bodily fluids. These precautions include wearing gloves, using sterile equipment, and following proper procedures for handling and disposing of potentially contaminated materials. It is important to assume that all patients may be carrying blood borne pathogens in order to protect both healthcare providers and other patients from potential infections.

56. To collect blood without an addititve use an evacuated tube with a ___ colored stopper

Lavender

Red

Blue

Black

To collect blood without an additive, a red-colored stopper is used in an evacuated tube. The red stopper indicates that the tube is specifically designed for collecting blood samples without any additives. This helps ensure that the blood sample remains in its natural state without any interference from additives that could affect the test results.

Explanation

To collect blood without an additive, a red-colored stopper is used in an evacuated tube. The red stopper indicates that the tube is specifically designed for collecting blood samples without any additives. This helps ensure that the blood sample remains in its natural state without any interference from additives that could affect the test results.

57. Characteristics of capillaries include __________.

Being thin-walled in structure

Forming microscopic pathways

Connecting arterioles with venules

All of the above

Capillaries have several characteristics. Firstly, they are thin-walled in structure, which allows for easy exchange of substances between the blood and tissues. Secondly, they form microscopic pathways throughout the body, ensuring that every cell is supplied with oxygen and nutrients. Lastly, capillaries connect arterioles (small arteries) with venules (small veins), creating a network that facilitates the circulation of blood. Therefore, all of the given options accurately describe the characteristics of capillaries.

Explanation

Capillaries have several characteristics. Firstly, they are thin-walled in structure, which allows for easy exchange of substances between the blood and tissues. Secondly, they form microscopic pathways throughout the body, ensuring that every cell is supplied with oxygen and nutrients. Lastly, capillaries connect arterioles (small arteries) with venules (small veins), creating a network that facilitates the circulation of blood. Therefore, all of the given options accurately describe the characteristics of capillaries.

58. A possible cause of tube breakage during centrifugation might be __________.

Too much blood in the tube

Unbalanced centrifuge

Not enough blood in the tube

Centrifuging too long

An unbalanced centrifuge can cause tube breakage during centrifugation. When the centrifuge is unbalanced, it causes uneven distribution of force, leading to excessive vibration. This vibration can cause the tubes to collide with each other or with the centrifuge walls, resulting in breakage. Therefore, it is important to ensure proper balancing of the centrifuge to prevent tube breakage and maintain the integrity of the samples being centrifuged.

Explanation

An unbalanced centrifuge can cause tube breakage during centrifugation. When the centrifuge is unbalanced, it causes uneven distribution of force, leading to excessive vibration. This vibration can cause the tubes to collide with each other or with the centrifuge walls, resulting in breakage. Therefore, it is important to ensure proper balancing of the centrifuge to prevent tube breakage and maintain the integrity of the samples being centrifuged.

59. A drug known to interfere with urine tests should be discontinued 48-72 hours prior to the test.

True

False

The statement suggests that a drug that can interfere with urine tests should be stopped 48-72 hours before the test. This implies that the drug can remain in the body for up to 72 hours and may affect the accuracy of the test results. Therefore, it is recommended to discontinue the drug prior to the test to ensure accurate results.

Explanation

The statement suggests that a drug that can interfere with urine tests should be stopped 48-72 hours before the test. This implies that the drug can remain in the body for up to 72 hours and may affect the accuracy of the test results. Therefore, it is recommended to discontinue the drug prior to the test to ensure accurate results.

60. A green top tube usually contains

EDTA

Citrate

Heparin

Oxalate

A green top tube usually contains heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant that prevents blood from clotting by inhibiting the formation of blood clots. It is commonly used for tests that require plasma, as it prevents the blood from clotting and allows for accurate testing.

Explanation

A green top tube usually contains heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant that prevents blood from clotting by inhibiting the formation of blood clots. It is commonly used for tests that require plasma, as it prevents the blood from clotting and allows for accurate testing.

61. Which test must be performed on whole blood?

BUN

CBC

CPK

PTT

A complete blood count (CBC) is a test that must be performed on whole blood. It provides information about the different components of blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This test is commonly used to evaluate overall health, diagnose various medical conditions, and monitor the effectiveness of treatments. It can help detect abnormalities such as infections, anemia, and blood disorders. Therefore, a CBC is essential in assessing the overall blood health and identifying any potential issues.

Explanation

A complete blood count (CBC) is a test that must be performed on whole blood. It provides information about the different components of blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This test is commonly used to evaluate overall health, diagnose various medical conditions, and monitor the effectiveness of treatments. It can help detect abnormalities such as infections, anemia, and blood disorders. Therefore, a CBC is essential in assessing the overall blood health and identifying any potential issues.

62. Which is used for PT and PTT?

Red top

Green top

Light blue top

Gray top

The light blue top tube is used for PT (prothrombin time) and PTT (partial thromboplastin time) tests. These tests are used to evaluate the clotting ability of blood and to monitor the effectiveness of anticoagulant medications. The light blue top tube contains sodium citrate as an anticoagulant, which prevents blood from clotting by binding to calcium ions. This allows for accurate measurement of clotting times during laboratory testing.

Explanation

The light blue top tube is used for PT (prothrombin time) and PTT (partial thromboplastin time) tests. These tests are used to evaluate the clotting ability of blood and to monitor the effectiveness of anticoagulant medications. The light blue top tube contains sodium citrate as an anticoagulant, which prevents blood from clotting by binding to calcium ions. This allows for accurate measurement of clotting times during laboratory testing.

63. Bacteria and parasites belong to which type of hazard?

Biologic

Chemical

Physical

Allergic

Bacteria and parasites are classified as biological hazards because they are living organisms that can cause harm to human health. They can cause infections and diseases when they enter the body, making them a potential risk. Unlike chemical hazards, which involve harmful substances, or physical hazards, which involve physical dangers, biological hazards specifically refer to living organisms that can pose a threat to human health. Allergic hazards, on the other hand, involve substances that can cause allergic reactions in individuals, but they do not necessarily involve living organisms like bacteria and parasites do.

Explanation

Bacteria and parasites are classified as biological hazards because they are living organisms that can cause harm to human health. They can cause infections and diseases when they enter the body, making them a potential risk. Unlike chemical hazards, which involve harmful substances, or physical hazards, which involve physical dangers, biological hazards specifically refer to living organisms that can pose a threat to human health. Allergic hazards, on the other hand, involve substances that can cause allergic reactions in individuals, but they do not necessarily involve living organisms like bacteria and parasites do.

64. Capillary blood sampling may be used if the laboratory tests require __________.

A large volume of blood

Very little blood

Type O blood

An arterial stick

Capillary blood sampling may be used if the laboratory tests require very little blood. This is because capillary blood sampling involves collecting a small amount of blood from the capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels in the body. This method is commonly used when only a small volume of blood is needed for testing, such as in glucose monitoring or certain point-of-care tests. It is less invasive and more convenient than venous blood sampling, making it suitable for situations where only a small sample size is required.

Explanation

Capillary blood sampling may be used if the laboratory tests require very little blood. This is because capillary blood sampling involves collecting a small amount of blood from the capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels in the body. This method is commonly used when only a small volume of blood is needed for testing, such as in glucose monitoring or certain point-of-care tests. It is less invasive and more convenient than venous blood sampling, making it suitable for situations where only a small sample size is required.

65. A tube containing sodium citrate as an additive is the __________.

Green tube top

Black tube top

Blue tube top

Yellow tube top

A blue tube top is used when sodium citrate is added as an additive.

Explanation

A blue tube top is used when sodium citrate is added as an additive.

66. Veins are located deeper than arteries.

True

False

Veins are not located deeper than arteries. In fact, veins are generally located closer to the surface of the body compared to arteries. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to various parts of the body, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Veins are often visible through the skin as they have a bluish color, while arteries are typically not visible.

Explanation

Veins are not located deeper than arteries. In fact, veins are generally located closer to the surface of the body compared to arteries. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to various parts of the body, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Veins are often visible through the skin as they have a bluish color, while arteries are typically not visible.

67. Glycolysis occurs faster in newborns.

True

False

Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down to produce energy. It is a crucial step in the metabolism of glucose. In newborns, glycolysis occurs at a faster rate compared to adults. This is because newborns require more energy for growth and development. Additionally, newborns have higher levels of enzymes involved in glycolysis, which allows for a faster breakdown of glucose. Therefore, the statement that glycolysis occurs faster in newborns is true.

Explanation

Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down to produce energy. It is a crucial step in the metabolism of glucose. In newborns, glycolysis occurs at a faster rate compared to adults. This is because newborns require more energy for growth and development. Additionally, newborns have higher levels of enzymes involved in glycolysis, which allows for a faster breakdown of glucose. Therefore, the statement that glycolysis occurs faster in newborns is true.

68. Failing to provide reasonable standards of care causing someone to suffer an injury is know as ____________.

Trauma

Negligence

Tort

Battery

Negligence refers to the failure to provide reasonable standards of care, resulting in harm to someone. It involves a breach of duty owed to another person, where the person fails to exercise the level of care that a reasonable person would in similar circumstances. Negligence can lead to injuries or damages, and is a common concept in tort law. It is different from battery, which involves intentional harmful contact, and trauma, which is a general term for physical or psychological injury.

Explanation

Negligence refers to the failure to provide reasonable standards of care, resulting in harm to someone. It involves a breach of duty owed to another person, where the person fails to exercise the level of care that a reasonable person would in similar circumstances. Negligence can lead to injuries or damages, and is a common concept in tort law. It is different from battery, which involves intentional harmful contact, and trauma, which is a general term for physical or psychological injury.

69. The body system the filters blood to eliminate waste, helps maintain blood PH and regulates water balance is the _______ system.

Respiratory

Urinary

Nervous

Cardiovasular

The urinary system is responsible for filtering blood to eliminate waste, maintaining blood pH, and regulating water balance. It does this through the kidneys, which filter waste products and excess water from the blood to form urine. The urine is then eliminated from the body through the bladder. The respiratory system is primarily involved in gas exchange, the nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals and coordinating bodily functions, and the cardiovascular system transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body. Therefore, the urinary system is the correct answer.

Explanation

The urinary system is responsible for filtering blood to eliminate waste, maintaining blood pH, and regulating water balance. It does this through the kidneys, which filter waste products and excess water from the blood to form urine. The urine is then eliminated from the body through the bladder. The respiratory system is primarily involved in gas exchange, the nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals and coordinating bodily functions, and the cardiovascular system transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body. Therefore, the urinary system is the correct answer.

70. If a glass tube breaks during centrifugation, what sequence of actions would be best?

Evacuate the room open the lid and remove the glass with forceps

Open the lid stop the centrifuge and remove the glass wearing gloves

Stop the centrifuge open the lid and use forceps to remove any glass

Leave the room and dance around

The correct answer is to stop the centrifuge, open the lid, and use forceps to remove any glass. This is the best sequence of actions because stopping the centrifuge ensures that there is no further movement or spinning that could cause additional breakage or injury. Opening the lid allows for easy access to the broken glass. Using forceps to remove the glass is the safest method to avoid direct contact and potential cuts or injuries. Wearing gloves is not mentioned in the answer, but it is always recommended to wear appropriate protective gear when handling broken glass. Evacuating the room or dancing around are not appropriate actions in response to a broken glass tube during centrifugation.

Explanation

The correct answer is to stop the centrifuge, open the lid, and use forceps to remove any glass. This is the best sequence of actions because stopping the centrifuge ensures that there is no further movement or spinning that could cause additional breakage or injury. Opening the lid allows for easy access to the broken glass. Using forceps to remove the glass is the safest method to avoid direct contact and potential cuts or injuries. Wearing gloves is not mentioned in the answer, but it is always recommended to wear appropriate protective gear when handling broken glass. Evacuating the room or dancing around are not appropriate actions in response to a broken glass tube during centrifugation.

71. Eating and drinking are permissible in a laboratory setting __________.

At all times

Only in designated clean areas

After hours of operation

As long as care is used

Eating and drinking in a laboratory setting can be hazardous as it can lead to contamination of samples or chemicals, and increase the risk of accidents. Therefore, it is only permissible to eat and drink in designated clean areas of the laboratory where the risk of contamination is minimized.

Explanation

Eating and drinking in a laboratory setting can be hazardous as it can lead to contamination of samples or chemicals, and increase the risk of accidents. Therefore, it is only permissible to eat and drink in designated clean areas of the laboratory where the risk of contamination is minimized.

72. Medical Asepsis is the destruction of pathogens outside the body.

True

False

Medical Asepsis refers to the practices and procedures that are used to prevent the spread of pathogens and reduce the risk of infection. It involves the destruction of pathogens outside the body, such as through the use of disinfectants and sterilization techniques. Therefore, the statement "Medical Asepsis is the destruction of pathogens outside the body" is true.

Explanation

Medical Asepsis refers to the practices and procedures that are used to prevent the spread of pathogens and reduce the risk of infection. It involves the destruction of pathogens outside the body, such as through the use of disinfectants and sterilization techniques. Therefore, the statement "Medical Asepsis is the destruction of pathogens outside the body" is true.

73. A complete blood count (CBC) is collected in an evacuated tube with what color stopper?

Blue

Lavender

Red

Black

RAINBOWZ

A complete blood count (CBC) is collected in an evacuated tube with a lavender stopper. The color of the stopper indicates the type of additive present in the tube. In the case of a CBC, the lavender stopper signifies the presence of an anticoagulant called EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). EDTA prevents blood from clotting, allowing for accurate analysis of blood cell counts and morphology.

Explanation

A complete blood count (CBC) is collected in an evacuated tube with a lavender stopper. The color of the stopper indicates the type of additive present in the tube. In the case of a CBC, the lavender stopper signifies the presence of an anticoagulant called EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). EDTA prevents blood from clotting, allowing for accurate analysis of blood cell counts and morphology.

74. Drugs used to destroy or kill bacteria that cause disease, are called __________.

Disinfectants

Germicides

Sterilizers

Anitbiotics

Antibiotics are drugs that are used to destroy or kill bacteria that cause disease. They are specifically designed to target and eliminate bacteria, helping to treat and prevent bacterial infections. Disinfectants are substances used to kill microorganisms on surfaces, while germicides are agents that kill germs. Sterilizers are used to completely eliminate all forms of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Therefore, the correct answer is antibiotics.

Explanation

Antibiotics are drugs that are used to destroy or kill bacteria that cause disease. They are specifically designed to target and eliminate bacteria, helping to treat and prevent bacterial infections. Disinfectants are substances used to kill microorganisms on surfaces, while germicides are agents that kill germs. Sterilizers are used to completely eliminate all forms of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Therefore, the correct answer is antibiotics.

75. Veins have thinner walls than arteries.

True

False

Veins have thinner walls than arteries because they are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Since the pressure in veins is lower compared to arteries, their walls do not need to be as thick or strong. The thinner walls of veins allow them to expand and contract more easily, accommodating changes in blood volume. Additionally, veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood, which further supports the need for thinner walls.

Explanation

Veins have thinner walls than arteries because they are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Since the pressure in veins is lower compared to arteries, their walls do not need to be as thick or strong. The thinner walls of veins allow them to expand and contract more easily, accommodating changes in blood volume. Additionally, veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood, which further supports the need for thinner walls.

76. What causes vacuum tubes to fill with blood?

Arterial blood pressure

Patient fist pumping

Tourniquet pressure

Tube vacuum

Vacuum tubes are designed to collect blood samples by creating a negative pressure inside the tube. This negative pressure, or vacuum, helps draw the blood into the tube. Therefore, the correct answer is "tube vacuum" as it is the cause of the blood filling the vacuum tubes.

Explanation

Vacuum tubes are designed to collect blood samples by creating a negative pressure inside the tube. This negative pressure, or vacuum, helps draw the blood into the tube. Therefore, the correct answer is "tube vacuum" as it is the cause of the blood filling the vacuum tubes.

77. Oxygen-poor blood enters the heart througfh the right atrium.

True

False

Oxygen-poor blood enters the heart through the right atrium. This is because the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body's tissues through the superior and inferior vena cava. The blood then flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle, and from there it is pumped to the lungs to receive oxygen. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation

Oxygen-poor blood enters the heart through the right atrium. This is because the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body's tissues through the superior and inferior vena cava. The blood then flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle, and from there it is pumped to the lungs to receive oxygen. Therefore, the statement is true.

78. Lipemic bloodserum appears:

Bluish

Milky

Purple

Thick

Lipemic blood serum appears milky because it contains a high concentration of lipids or fats. This can be caused by various factors such as a high-fat diet, obesity, or certain medical conditions. The milky appearance is due to the scattering of light by the fat globules present in the serum.

Explanation

Lipemic blood serum appears milky because it contains a high concentration of lipids or fats. This can be caused by various factors such as a high-fat diet, obesity, or certain medical conditions. The milky appearance is due to the scattering of light by the fat globules present in the serum.

79. OSHA requires that health care professionals receive a vaccine for:

HAV

HBV

HCV

HPV

OSHA requires that health care professionals receive a vaccine for HBV, which stands for Hepatitis B virus. This is because HBV is a highly contagious virus that can be transmitted through exposure to blood and other bodily fluids. Health care professionals are at a higher risk of coming into contact with infected blood and therefore are required to be vaccinated to protect themselves and their patients from the virus.

Explanation

OSHA requires that health care professionals receive a vaccine for HBV, which stands for Hepatitis B virus. This is because HBV is a highly contagious virus that can be transmitted through exposure to blood and other bodily fluids. Health care professionals are at a higher risk of coming into contact with infected blood and therefore are required to be vaccinated to protect themselves and their patients from the virus.

80. Another name for blood in the urine:

Hematuria

Bacteriuria

PKU

Proteinuria

Hematuria is another name for blood in the urine. It occurs when there is blood present in the urine, which can be caused by various conditions such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, bladder or kidney infections, or even certain medications. Hematuria can be visible to the naked eye, causing the urine to appear pink, red, or brown, or it can only be detected through a microscopic examination. It is important to identify the underlying cause of hematuria, as it can be a sign of a more serious underlying condition that may require further medical evaluation and treatment.

Explanation

Hematuria is another name for blood in the urine. It occurs when there is blood present in the urine, which can be caused by various conditions such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, bladder or kidney infections, or even certain medications. Hematuria can be visible to the naked eye, causing the urine to appear pink, red, or brown, or it can only be detected through a microscopic examination. It is important to identify the underlying cause of hematuria, as it can be a sign of a more serious underlying condition that may require further medical evaluation and treatment.

81. Which is not true off WBCs?

They are a defense mechanism

They are formed in bone marrow and lymph tissues

They are all the same size and shape

They are also called leukocytes

White blood cells (WBCs) are a defense mechanism in the body, as they help fight off infections and diseases. They are formed in the bone marrow and lymph tissues. However, it is not true that all WBCs are the same size and shape. There are different types of WBCs, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, and they vary in size and shape. Therefore, the statement "they are all the same size and shape" is not true.

Explanation

White blood cells (WBCs) are a defense mechanism in the body, as they help fight off infections and diseases. They are formed in the bone marrow and lymph tissues. However, it is not true that all WBCs are the same size and shape. There are different types of WBCs, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, and they vary in size and shape. Therefore, the statement "they are all the same size and shape" is not true.

82. Serum is depleted of fibrogen.

True

False

Serum is a component of blood that does not contain clotting factors, including fibrinogen. Fibrinogen is an essential protein involved in blood clotting. Therefore, it is correct to say that serum is depleted of fibrinogen.

Explanation

Serum is a component of blood that does not contain clotting factors, including fibrinogen. Fibrinogen is an essential protein involved in blood clotting. Therefore, it is correct to say that serum is depleted of fibrinogen.

83. The additive in a pink tube is:

ADP

SPS

Heparin

EDTA

EDTA is the additive in a pink tube. EDTA stands for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, which is a chelating agent that binds calcium ions. It is commonly used as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes to prevent clotting by removing calcium. This allows for accurate measurement of various blood components, such as complete blood count (CBC) and blood chemistry tests.

Explanation

EDTA is the additive in a pink tube. EDTA stands for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, which is a chelating agent that binds calcium ions. It is commonly used as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes to prevent clotting by removing calcium. This allows for accurate measurement of various blood components, such as complete blood count (CBC) and blood chemistry tests.

84. Which is NOT a common symptom of shock?

Clammy skin

Weak pulse

Blinking eyes

Shallow breathing

Blinking eyes is not a common symptom of shock. Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body does not receive enough oxygenated blood. Common symptoms of shock include clammy skin, weak pulse, and shallow breathing. However, blinking eyes is not typically associated with shock.

Explanation

Blinking eyes is not a common symptom of shock. Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body does not receive enough oxygenated blood. Common symptoms of shock include clammy skin, weak pulse, and shallow breathing. However, blinking eyes is not typically associated with shock.

85. Diastolic pressure is __________.

The bottom number of blood pressure readings

The intermediate number of blood pressure readings

The top number of blood pressure readings

None of the above

Diastolic pressure refers to the bottom number of blood pressure readings. It represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats. This measurement indicates the resistance to blood flow in the arteries and is an important factor in determining overall blood pressure levels.

Explanation

Diastolic pressure refers to the bottom number of blood pressure readings. It represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats. This measurement indicates the resistance to blood flow in the arteries and is an important factor in determining overall blood pressure levels.

86. If someone is cyanotic their skin may appear ____________.

Flushed

Clammy

Bluish

Yellow/orange

When someone is cyanotic, it means that their body is not getting enough oxygen. This lack of oxygen causes the skin to appear bluish in color. This happens because the reduced oxygen levels in the blood cause the blood vessels near the skin surface to constrict, resulting in a bluish tint to the skin.

Explanation

When someone is cyanotic, it means that their body is not getting enough oxygen. This lack of oxygen causes the skin to appear bluish in color. This happens because the reduced oxygen levels in the blood cause the blood vessels near the skin surface to constrict, resulting in a bluish tint to the skin.

87. A CBC would be sent to what lab section?

Chemistry

Hemotology

Microbiology

Serology

A CBC (Complete Blood Count) is a common blood test that provides information about the cells in the blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Hematology is the branch of laboratory medicine that deals with the study of blood and blood disorders. Therefore, a CBC would be sent to the hematology lab section for analysis and interpretation.

Explanation

A CBC (Complete Blood Count) is a common blood test that provides information about the cells in the blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Hematology is the branch of laboratory medicine that deals with the study of blood and blood disorders. Therefore, a CBC would be sent to the hematology lab section for analysis and interpretation.

88. When the heart is contracting, the pressure is highest. This pressure is called the __________.

Systolic pressure

Diastollic pressure

Heart pressure

Arterial pressure

Systolic pressure refers to the highest pressure in the arteries when the heart is contracting or pumping blood. This occurs during the systole phase of the cardiac cycle.

Explanation

Systolic pressure refers to the highest pressure in the arteries when the heart is contracting or pumping blood. This occurs during the systole phase of the cardiac cycle.

89. Whic of these is a common component of disinfectant solutions used for colection of blood cultures?

Chlorhexidine

Methanol

Glutaraldehyde

Lidocaine

Chlorhexidine is a common component of disinfectant solutions used for the collection of blood cultures. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that effectively kills a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Chlorhexidine is commonly used as a skin antiseptic before invasive medical procedures, including blood culture collection, to reduce the risk of infection. It has a long-lasting effect and is known for its effectiveness in killing microorganisms on the skin surface. Methanol, glutaraldehyde, and lidocaine are not commonly used in disinfectant solutions for blood culture collection.

Explanation

Chlorhexidine is a common component of disinfectant solutions used for the collection of blood cultures. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that effectively kills a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Chlorhexidine is commonly used as a skin antiseptic before invasive medical procedures, including blood culture collection, to reduce the risk of infection. It has a long-lasting effect and is known for its effectiveness in killing microorganisms on the skin surface. Methanol, glutaraldehyde, and lidocaine are not commonly used in disinfectant solutions for blood culture collection.

90. When a 5 millimeter evacuated tube appears to extract blood with too much force from a weak wein (causing the vein to collapse) the phlebotomist might have better results using a ______

Larger colllection tube

Tighter tourniquet

Pediatric sized tube

Larger bore (diameter) needle

When a 5 millimeter evacuated tube appears to extract blood with too much force from a weak vein, causing it to collapse, using a pediatric sized tube might yield better results. A pediatric sized tube has a smaller diameter compared to a regular tube, which means it exerts less suction force on the vein. This reduces the likelihood of the vein collapsing and makes it easier to extract blood without causing discomfort or complications.

Explanation

When a 5 millimeter evacuated tube appears to extract blood with too much force from a weak vein, causing it to collapse, using a pediatric sized tube might yield better results. A pediatric sized tube has a smaller diameter compared to a regular tube, which means it exerts less suction force on the vein. This reduces the likelihood of the vein collapsing and makes it easier to extract blood without causing discomfort or complications.

91. Red and white blood cell counts are examples of __________ tests.

Chemistry

Blood banking

Hematology

Microbiology

Red and white blood cell counts are examples of hematology tests. Hematology is the branch of medicine that deals with the study of blood and blood-forming organs. It involves the analysis of blood cells, including red blood cells and white blood cells, to diagnose and monitor various diseases and disorders such as anemia, infections, and leukemia. Therefore, hematology is the correct answer as it specifically relates to the study and analysis of blood cells.

Explanation

Red and white blood cell counts are examples of hematology tests. Hematology is the branch of medicine that deals with the study of blood and blood-forming organs. It involves the analysis of blood cells, including red blood cells and white blood cells, to diagnose and monitor various diseases and disorders such as anemia, infections, and leukemia. Therefore, hematology is the correct answer as it specifically relates to the study and analysis of blood cells.

92. Infections that can be spread from person to person are called __________.

Environmental

Communicable

Indirect

Vector-borne

Infections that can be spread from person to person are called communicable. This term refers to diseases or illnesses that can be transmitted through direct contact, such as respiratory droplets or bodily fluids. It encompasses a wide range of contagious diseases, including common colds, influenza, and sexually transmitted infections. The term "communicable" highlights the ability of these infections to be easily transmitted from one person to another, emphasizing the importance of taking necessary precautions to prevent their spread.

Explanation

Infections that can be spread from person to person are called communicable. This term refers to diseases or illnesses that can be transmitted through direct contact, such as respiratory droplets or bodily fluids. It encompasses a wide range of contagious diseases, including common colds, influenza, and sexually transmitted infections. The term "communicable" highlights the ability of these infections to be easily transmitted from one person to another, emphasizing the importance of taking necessary precautions to prevent their spread.

93. The following is a test of the respiratory system

ABGs

CSF

ETOH

UA

ABGs stands for Arterial Blood Gases, which is a test used to measure the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, as well as the acidity (pH) of the blood. This test helps to assess how well the respiratory system is functioning and can provide information about lung function, oxygenation, and acid-base balance. It is commonly used to diagnose and monitor respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and respiratory failure.

Explanation

ABGs stands for Arterial Blood Gases, which is a test used to measure the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, as well as the acidity (pH) of the blood. This test helps to assess how well the respiratory system is functioning and can provide information about lung function, oxygenation, and acid-base balance. It is commonly used to diagnose and monitor respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and respiratory failure.

94. POC testing is done _____________.

At the patient's bed

In a medical lab

By a respiratory therapist only

With a larger needle

POC testing is done at the patient's bed because it allows for immediate results and faster decision-making in terms of patient care. This type of testing eliminates the need to send samples to a medical lab and wait for the results to come back, which can be time-consuming and delay treatment. By conducting the testing at the patient's bedside, healthcare professionals can quickly assess the patient's condition and provide appropriate interventions or treatments as needed.

Explanation

POC testing is done at the patient's bed because it allows for immediate results and faster decision-making in terms of patient care. This type of testing eliminates the need to send samples to a medical lab and wait for the results to come back, which can be time-consuming and delay treatment. By conducting the testing at the patient's bedside, healthcare professionals can quickly assess the patient's condition and provide appropriate interventions or treatments as needed.

95. Lavender tubes must be 2/3 full.

True

False

The correct answer is True. Lavender tubes must be 2/3 full because it is important to have an adequate amount of blood in the tube to ensure accurate test results. If the tube is not filled to the required level, there may not be enough blood to properly mix with any additives in the tube, which can affect the test results. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that lavender tubes are filled to the appropriate level.

Explanation

The correct answer is True. Lavender tubes must be 2/3 full because it is important to have an adequate amount of blood in the tube to ensure accurate test results. If the tube is not filled to the required level, there may not be enough blood to properly mix with any additives in the tube, which can affect the test results. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that lavender tubes are filled to the appropriate level.

96. When using two glass slides to make a blood smear, the reccomended angle of contact between them is approximately ______ degrees

3

10

30

90

When making a blood smear using two glass slides, it is recommended to have an angle of contact of approximately 30 degrees. This angle allows for the blood to spread evenly and thinly across the slide, ensuring a good quality smear for examination under a microscope. A smaller angle may result in a thick smear, while a larger angle may cause the blood to pool or clump together, making it difficult to analyze.

Explanation

When making a blood smear using two glass slides, it is recommended to have an angle of contact of approximately 30 degrees. This angle allows for the blood to spread evenly and thinly across the slide, ensuring a good quality smear for examination under a microscope. A smaller angle may result in a thick smear, while a larger angle may cause the blood to pool or clump together, making it difficult to analyze.

97. Consent to treament based upon full understanging of all possible risks of unpreventable results of treatment is called __________.

Contributory negligence

Fraud

Assumption of risk

Proximate cause

Assumption of risk refers to the consent to treatment based on a full understanding of all possible risks and unpreventable results of the treatment. It means that the individual acknowledges and accepts the potential negative outcomes that may arise from the treatment and still chooses to proceed. This concept is often applied in medical settings, where patients are required to give informed consent before undergoing any procedures or treatments.

Explanation

Assumption of risk refers to the consent to treatment based on a full understanding of all possible risks and unpreventable results of the treatment. It means that the individual acknowledges and accepts the potential negative outcomes that may arise from the treatment and still chooses to proceed. This concept is often applied in medical settings, where patients are required to give informed consent before undergoing any procedures or treatments.

98. Common syptoms of shock include all of the following except __________.

Pale skin

Increased shallow breathing rate

Temperature

Weak pulse

Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is insufficient blood flow to the body's organs and tissues. Common symptoms of shock include pale skin, increased shallow breathing rate, and weak pulse. However, temperature is not typically considered a common symptom of shock.

Explanation

Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is insufficient blood flow to the body's organs and tissues. Common symptoms of shock include pale skin, increased shallow breathing rate, and weak pulse. However, temperature is not typically considered a common symptom of shock.

99. When the body has adequate rest and no food for 12 hours it is said to be in the___________state.

Steady

Basal

Homestasis

Hemostasis

When the body has adequate rest and no food for 12 hours, it enters a basal state. This refers to a state of minimal metabolic activity and energy expenditure. During this state, the body relies on stored energy reserves and slows down various bodily functions to conserve energy. It is a natural response to fasting or prolonged periods without food intake.

Explanation

When the body has adequate rest and no food for 12 hours, it enters a basal state. This refers to a state of minimal metabolic activity and energy expenditure. During this state, the body relies on stored energy reserves and slows down various bodily functions to conserve energy. It is a natural response to fasting or prolonged periods without food intake.

100. The color of normal serum is usually __________.

Straw to yellow

Milky white

Clear red

Hazy brown

Normal serum is usually straw to yellow in color. This is because serum is the liquid portion of blood that remains after the blood has clotted and the cells have been removed. The color of serum is influenced by various factors, including the presence of certain proteins and pigments. In healthy individuals, the color of serum is typically pale yellow to straw-colored.

Explanation

Normal serum is usually straw to yellow in color. This is because serum is the liquid portion of blood that remains after the blood has clotted and the cells have been removed. The color of serum is influenced by various factors, including the presence of certain proteins and pigments. In healthy individuals, the color of serum is typically pale yellow to straw-colored.

101. The branch of study of moral issues, questions and problems arising in the practice of medicine and biomedical research is called __________.

Philosophy

Litigation

Bioethics

Morals

Bioethics is the correct answer because it refers to the branch of study that deals with moral issues, questions, and problems that arise in the practice of medicine and biomedical research. It involves examining ethical dilemmas related to topics such as medical treatment, genetic research, and end-of-life care. Bioethics combines principles from philosophy, ethics, and healthcare to provide guidance on making morally sound decisions in the field of medicine.

Explanation

Bioethics is the correct answer because it refers to the branch of study that deals with moral issues, questions, and problems that arise in the practice of medicine and biomedical research. It involves examining ethical dilemmas related to topics such as medical treatment, genetic research, and end-of-life care. Bioethics combines principles from philosophy, ethics, and healthcare to provide guidance on making morally sound decisions in the field of medicine.

102. The tissue that covers and protects the body is __________.

Epithelial

Connective

Muscle

Nerve

Epithelial tissue covers and protects the body by forming a barrier between the external environment and the internal organs. It is composed of tightly packed cells that are closely connected, forming a continuous sheet. This tissue is found on the outer surface of the body, as well as lining the internal organs and cavities. It provides protection against physical damage, pathogens, and dehydration, while also allowing for the exchange of substances and sensations. Epithelial tissue also plays a role in absorption, secretion, and filtration.

Explanation

Epithelial tissue covers and protects the body by forming a barrier between the external environment and the internal organs. It is composed of tightly packed cells that are closely connected, forming a continuous sheet. This tissue is found on the outer surface of the body, as well as lining the internal organs and cavities. It provides protection against physical damage, pathogens, and dehydration, while also allowing for the exchange of substances and sensations. Epithelial tissue also plays a role in absorption, secretion, and filtration.

103. The first tube collected with a butterfly will underfill due to air in the line.

True

False

When using a butterfly needle, there is a possibility of air being present in the tubing. This can cause the first tube collected to be underfilled because the air takes up space in the tubing, reducing the amount of blood that can be collected. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation

When using a butterfly needle, there is a possibility of air being present in the tubing. This can cause the first tube collected to be underfilled because the air takes up space in the tubing, reducing the amount of blood that can be collected. Therefore, the statement is true.

104. Vigorous mixing can activate platelet and shorten clotting times.

True

False

True. Vigorous mixing can activate platelets and shorten clotting times. When blood is vigorously mixed, it can lead to platelet activation, which initiates the clotting process and accelerates clot formation. This phenomenon is often utilized in laboratory settings when conducting clotting tests, where mixing blood samples vigorously helps in achieving quicker and more accurate results.

Explanation

True. Vigorous mixing can activate platelets and shorten clotting times. When blood is vigorously mixed, it can lead to platelet activation, which initiates the clotting process and accelerates clot formation. This phenomenon is often utilized in laboratory settings when conducting clotting tests, where mixing blood samples vigorously helps in achieving quicker and more accurate results.

105. Sputum is collected to diagnose

Diptheria

H. pylori

Meningitis

Tuberculosis

Sputum is collected to diagnose tuberculosis because tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs, and sputum is a mixture of saliva and mucus that is coughed up from the respiratory tract. By analyzing the sputum, doctors can look for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis, and determine if a person has the infection. This helps in early detection and treatment of tuberculosis, which is crucial for preventing the spread of the disease.

Explanation

Sputum is collected to diagnose tuberculosis because tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs, and sputum is a mixture of saliva and mucus that is coughed up from the respiratory tract. By analyzing the sputum, doctors can look for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis, and determine if a person has the infection. This helps in early detection and treatment of tuberculosis, which is crucial for preventing the spread of the disease.

106. Always recap your needle before putting it into the sharps container.

True

False

Recapping needles before putting them into the sharps container is not recommended because it increases the risk of needlestick injuries. Needles should be disposed of directly into the sharps container without recapping to ensure safety. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

Explanation

Recapping needles before putting them into the sharps container is not recommended because it increases the risk of needlestick injuries. Needles should be disposed of directly into the sharps container without recapping to ensure safety. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

107. To collect blood for a prothrombin time test, use an eacuated tube with a ____ colored stopper

Light blue

Red

Blue

Black

The correct answer is light blue because a prothrombin time test requires the use of a sodium citrate anticoagulant, which is commonly found in light blue-stoppered tubes. This anticoagulant prevents blood from clotting, allowing accurate measurement of the prothrombin time, which is a measure of how long it takes for blood to clot. The light blue stopper distinguishes the tube from other types of tubes used for different tests, ensuring proper collection and accurate results.

Explanation

The correct answer is light blue because a prothrombin time test requires the use of a sodium citrate anticoagulant, which is commonly found in light blue-stoppered tubes. This anticoagulant prevents blood from clotting, allowing accurate measurement of the prothrombin time, which is a measure of how long it takes for blood to clot. The light blue stopper distinguishes the tube from other types of tubes used for different tests, ensuring proper collection and accurate results.

108. When collecting a Blood culture with a butterfly into culture bottles, which is filled first?

Aerobic

Anaerobic

When collecting a blood culture with a butterfly into culture bottles, the aerobic bottle is filled first. This is because aerobic bacteria require oxygen to grow and thrive, so filling the aerobic bottle first allows for optimal growth conditions for these bacteria. The anaerobic bottle is filled second to collect any anaerobic bacteria that may be present in the blood sample.

Explanation

When collecting a blood culture with a butterfly into culture bottles, the aerobic bottle is filled first. This is because aerobic bacteria require oxygen to grow and thrive, so filling the aerobic bottle first allows for optimal growth conditions for these bacteria. The anaerobic bottle is filled second to collect any anaerobic bacteria that may be present in the blood sample.

109. Which test may require a chain of custody?

Blood Culture

Crossmatch

Drug Screen

TDM

A drug screen test may require a chain of custody because it is important to maintain the integrity and security of the sample throughout the testing process. This involves documenting the collection, handling, and storage of the sample to ensure that it has not been tampered with or contaminated. Chain of custody is necessary to establish the reliability and admissibility of the test results in legal and forensic settings.

Explanation

A drug screen test may require a chain of custody because it is important to maintain the integrity and security of the sample throughout the testing process. This involves documenting the collection, handling, and storage of the sample to ensure that it has not been tampered with or contaminated. Chain of custody is necessary to establish the reliability and admissibility of the test results in legal and forensic settings.

110. A group of tests collected as one unit:

Group

Profile

STAT

Bunch

A group of tests collected as one unit is commonly referred to as a "profile".

Explanation

A group of tests collected as one unit is commonly referred to as a "profile".

111. What tube is used for a WCB differential?

Lavender

Red

Green

Blue

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

112. Which is a test of the urinary system?

Cholinesterase

Creatine kinase

Creatinine clearance

Pleuracentesis

Creatinine clearance is a test that measures how well the kidneys are functioning by determining the amount of creatinine cleared from the blood through urine. Creatinine is a waste product produced by the muscles and filtered by the kidneys. By measuring the creatinine clearance, healthcare professionals can assess the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which indicates how well the kidneys are removing waste and excess fluid from the body. This test is commonly used to diagnose and monitor kidney diseases and disorders.

Explanation

Creatinine clearance is a test that measures how well the kidneys are functioning by determining the amount of creatinine cleared from the blood through urine. Creatinine is a waste product produced by the muscles and filtered by the kidneys. By measuring the creatinine clearance, healthcare professionals can assess the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which indicates how well the kidneys are removing waste and excess fluid from the body. This test is commonly used to diagnose and monitor kidney diseases and disorders.

113. Which of the following is the best definition of destruction of red blood cells?

Hemolysis

Hemostasis

Homeostasis

Hemoglobin

Hemolysis refers to the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells. This can occur due to various causes such as infections, autoimmune disorders, or certain medications. When red blood cells are destroyed, hemoglobin is released into the bloodstream, which can lead to various symptoms such as anemia, jaundice, and fatigue. Therefore, hemolysis is the best definition for the destruction of red blood cells.

Explanation

Hemolysis refers to the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells. This can occur due to various causes such as infections, autoimmune disorders, or certain medications. When red blood cells are destroyed, hemoglobin is released into the bloodstream, which can lead to various symptoms such as anemia, jaundice, and fatigue. Therefore, hemolysis is the best definition for the destruction of red blood cells.

114. The use if a chemical procedure to destory all microbial life including highly resistant bacterial endospores is called __________.

Disinfection

Detoxification

Sterilization

Acid washing

Sterilization refers to the process of using a chemical procedure to destroy all forms of microbial life, including highly resistant bacterial endospores. It is a more intensive form of microbial control compared to disinfection, which only reduces the number of microorganisms. Detoxification involves removing or neutralizing toxic substances, while acid washing refers to the process of cleaning with an acidic solution. Therefore, sterilization is the correct answer in this context.

Explanation

Sterilization refers to the process of using a chemical procedure to destroy all forms of microbial life, including highly resistant bacterial endospores. It is a more intensive form of microbial control compared to disinfection, which only reduces the number of microorganisms. Detoxification involves removing or neutralizing toxic substances, while acid washing refers to the process of cleaning with an acidic solution. Therefore, sterilization is the correct answer in this context.

115. The heart disorder characterized by fluid buildup in the lungs

Aortic stenosis

Bacterial endocarditis

Congestive heart failure

Myocardial infarction

Congestive heart failure is a heart disorder characterized by fluid buildup in the lungs. This occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, causing blood to back up in the veins and leading to fluid leakage into the lungs. Symptoms of congestive heart failure include shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. Treatment options may include medication, lifestyle changes, and in severe cases, surgery.

Explanation

Congestive heart failure is a heart disorder characterized by fluid buildup in the lungs. This occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, causing blood to back up in the veins and leading to fluid leakage into the lungs. Symptoms of congestive heart failure include shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. Treatment options may include medication, lifestyle changes, and in severe cases, surgery.

116. Lymph originates from

Joint fluid

Plasma

Serum

Tissue fluid

Lymph originates from tissue fluid. Tissue fluid is the fluid that surrounds the cells in the body's tissues. It is formed when blood plasma filters out of the capillaries and into the interstitial spaces. This fluid then enters the lymphatic vessels and becomes lymph. Lymph plays a crucial role in the immune system as it carries white blood cells and other immune cells throughout the body, helping to fight infections and remove waste products.

Explanation

Lymph originates from tissue fluid. Tissue fluid is the fluid that surrounds the cells in the body's tissues. It is formed when blood plasma filters out of the capillaries and into the interstitial spaces. This fluid then enters the lymphatic vessels and becomes lymph. Lymph plays a crucial role in the immune system as it carries white blood cells and other immune cells throughout the body, helping to fight infections and remove waste products.

117. What gauge multi-sample needle is considered to be standard?

18

20

21

23

The standard gauge multi-sample needle is considered to be 21. This means that the needle has a diameter of 0.8 mm. This gauge is commonly used for drawing blood samples and is suitable for most patients. It is not too large to cause excessive pain or discomfort, but also not too small to impede the flow of blood.

Explanation

The standard gauge multi-sample needle is considered to be 21. This means that the needle has a diameter of 0.8 mm. This gauge is commonly used for drawing blood samples and is suitable for most patients. It is not too large to cause excessive pain or discomfort, but also not too small to impede the flow of blood.

118. The most common source of carry over problems is EDTA.

True

False

EDTA, which stands for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, is a chelating agent commonly used in laboratory settings to bind metal ions. However, it can also cause carry over problems in certain experiments. This is because EDTA can form stable complexes with metal ions, preventing them from being completely removed during washing or rinsing steps. As a result, trace amounts of metal ions may remain in the sample, leading to carry over and potentially affecting the accuracy of subsequent experiments. Therefore, the statement "The most common source of carry over problems is EDTA" is true.

Explanation

EDTA, which stands for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, is a chelating agent commonly used in laboratory settings to bind metal ions. However, it can also cause carry over problems in certain experiments. This is because EDTA can form stable complexes with metal ions, preventing them from being completely removed during washing or rinsing steps. As a result, trace amounts of metal ions may remain in the sample, leading to carry over and potentially affecting the accuracy of subsequent experiments. Therefore, the statement "The most common source of carry over problems is EDTA" is true.

119. The ability of the body to achieve "steady state".

Anabolism

Catabolism

Hemostasis

Homeostasis

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It involves various physiological processes that work together to regulate body temperature, pH levels, blood pressure, and other vital functions within a narrow range. This balance is crucial for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, and organs. Anabolism refers to the building up of complex molecules, catabolism refers to the breaking down of complex molecules, and hemostasis refers to the process of stopping bleeding. None of these options accurately describe the body's ability to achieve a steady state.

Explanation

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It involves various physiological processes that work together to regulate body temperature, pH levels, blood pressure, and other vital functions within a narrow range. This balance is crucial for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, and organs. Anabolism refers to the building up of complex molecules, catabolism refers to the breaking down of complex molecules, and hemostasis refers to the process of stopping bleeding. None of these options accurately describe the body's ability to achieve a steady state.

120. Which of the following steps is NOT typically a part of the phlebotomy process?

Selecting the appropriate venipuncture site.

Applying a tourniquet to the patient's arm.

Administering medication to numb the puncture site.

Cleaning the puncture site with an antiseptic solution.

This step is not standard in routine phlebotomy procedures. While numbing medication might be used in particular cases (such as with patients who have a phobia of needles or in pediatric cases), it is not a typical part of the standard phlebotomy process.

Explanation

This step is not standard in routine phlebotomy procedures. While numbing medication might be used in particular cases (such as with patients who have a phobia of needles or in pediatric cases), it is not a typical part of the standard phlebotomy process.

121. Light blue tubes must be ____ full.

2/3

Completely

3/4

1/2

The light blue tubes must be completely full. This means that there should be no empty space or gaps in the tubes. They should be filled to their maximum capacity.

Explanation

The light blue tubes must be completely full. This means that there should be no empty space or gaps in the tubes. They should be filled to their maximum capacity.

122. Which should not be done during vein selection?

Lowering the patient's arm

Patient pumping fist

Palpating the antecubital

Placing a warm towel on the arm.

During vein selection, the patient should not pump their fist. Pumping the fist can cause the veins to collapse or become more difficult to locate and access. This action increases the pressure in the veins and can make it more challenging to insert a needle. It is important for the patient to keep their arm still and relaxed to ensure a successful vein selection process.

Explanation

During vein selection, the patient should not pump their fist. Pumping the fist can cause the veins to collapse or become more difficult to locate and access. This action increases the pressure in the veins and can make it more challenging to insert a needle. It is important for the patient to keep their arm still and relaxed to ensure a successful vein selection process.

123. Test for this dept. are usually collected in a light blue tube.

Chemistry

Coagulation

Hematology

Microbiology

The correct answer is coagulation. The statement suggests that tests for this department are collected in a light blue tube. Coagulation tests typically require the use of a light blue tube, as it contains a specific anticoagulant called sodium citrate that prevents blood from clotting. This allows for accurate testing of coagulation factors and clotting disorders. Therefore, the information provided aligns with the coagulation department's practices.

Explanation

The correct answer is coagulation. The statement suggests that tests for this department are collected in a light blue tube. Coagulation tests typically require the use of a light blue tube, as it contains a specific anticoagulant called sodium citrate that prevents blood from clotting. This allows for accurate testing of coagulation factors and clotting disorders. Therefore, the information provided aligns with the coagulation department's practices.

124. Invert a gray tube __________ times.

8

5

0

4

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

125. OSHA requires training and educational info be given to phlebotomists on ALL BUT WHICH ONE of the following topics?

Blood borne pathogens

Preventing identification errors

Needle and safety handling

Glass and sharps disposal

Phlebotomists are required to receive training and educational information on blood borne pathogens, needle and safety handling, and glass and sharps disposal according to OSHA regulations. However, preventing identification errors is not specifically mentioned as a topic that must be covered. This suggests that OSHA does not require specific training on preventing identification errors for phlebotomists.

Explanation

Phlebotomists are required to receive training and educational information on blood borne pathogens, needle and safety handling, and glass and sharps disposal according to OSHA regulations. However, preventing identification errors is not specifically mentioned as a topic that must be covered. This suggests that OSHA does not require specific training on preventing identification errors for phlebotomists.

126. The term asepsis literally means __________.

Full of germs

Infected

Contaminated

Without bacteria

Asepsis refers to the absence or prevention of bacteria. It is derived from the Greek word "a-" meaning without, and "sepsis" meaning infection. Therefore, asepsis literally means without bacteria. This term is commonly used in medical and healthcare settings to describe the state of being free from harmful microorganisms.

Explanation

Asepsis refers to the absence or prevention of bacteria. It is derived from the Greek word "a-" meaning without, and "sepsis" meaning infection. Therefore, asepsis literally means without bacteria. This term is commonly used in medical and healthcare settings to describe the state of being free from harmful microorganisms.

127. At what intervals should blood be blotted during a bleeding time test?

15 seconds

20 seconds

30 seconds

35 seconds

During a bleeding time test, blood should be blotted at 30-second intervals. This is because the test measures the time it takes for bleeding to stop after a small incision is made. Blotting the blood at regular intervals allows for accurate monitoring of the bleeding time.

Explanation

During a bleeding time test, blood should be blotted at 30-second intervals. This is because the test measures the time it takes for bleeding to stop after a small incision is made. Blotting the blood at regular intervals allows for accurate monitoring of the bleeding time.

128. Capillary puncture reference ranges are higher for this analyte.

Calcium

Glucose

Phosphorus

Protein

Capillary puncture reference ranges for glucose are higher compared to other analytes such as calcium, phosphorus, and protein. This means that the normal range for glucose levels in capillary blood is typically higher than the normal range for the other analytes. This could be due to various factors, such as the different physiological processes involved in glucose metabolism and regulation, the specific characteristics of capillary blood samples, or the analytical methods used to measure glucose levels in capillary blood.

Explanation

Capillary puncture reference ranges for glucose are higher compared to other analytes such as calcium, phosphorus, and protein. This means that the normal range for glucose levels in capillary blood is typically higher than the normal range for the other analytes. This could be due to various factors, such as the different physiological processes involved in glucose metabolism and regulation, the specific characteristics of capillary blood samples, or the analytical methods used to measure glucose levels in capillary blood.

129. When serum is _________ it is a clue that the patient is not fasting.

Hemoconcentrated

Hemolyzed

Jaundiced

Lipemic

When serum is lipemic, it means that it appears turbid or milky due to the presence of excess lipids or fats. This can occur when a patient is not fasting because the ingestion of fatty foods can cause an increase in the levels of lipids in the blood. Therefore, the presence of lipemic serum is a clue that the patient is not fasting.

Explanation

When serum is lipemic, it means that it appears turbid or milky due to the presence of excess lipids or fats. This can occur when a patient is not fasting because the ingestion of fatty foods can cause an increase in the levels of lipids in the blood. Therefore, the presence of lipemic serum is a clue that the patient is not fasting.

130. How many minutes does normal coagulation take in a red topped tube?

5-10

30-60

15-20

60-90

Normal coagulation in a red topped tube typically takes between 30 to 60 minutes.

Explanation

Normal coagulation in a red topped tube typically takes between 30 to 60 minutes.

131. If tests require serim rather than a plasma, a tube with what color top should be drawn?

Red

Blue

Green

Purple

When tests require serum instead of plasma, a tube with a red top should be drawn. This is because a red top tube contains a clot activator and a gel separator, which helps in separating the serum from the blood cells after centrifugation. The clot activator promotes the clotting process, allowing the blood to form a clot, and the gel separator prevents the clot from mixing with the serum. Therefore, using a red top tube ensures the collection of serum for testing purposes.

Explanation

When tests require serum instead of plasma, a tube with a red top should be drawn. This is because a red top tube contains a clot activator and a gel separator, which helps in separating the serum from the blood cells after centrifugation. The clot activator promotes the clotting process, allowing the blood to form a clot, and the gel separator prevents the clot from mixing with the serum. Therefore, using a red top tube ensures the collection of serum for testing purposes.

132. Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of which of the following on RBCs.

Antigens

Antibodies

Chemicals

Hormones

Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of antigens on red blood cells. Antigens are molecules that stimulate an immune response in the body. These antigens can be different for each blood type, such as A, B, AB, or O. The presence of these antigens on the surface of red blood cells determines a person's blood type.

Explanation

Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of antigens on red blood cells. Antigens are molecules that stimulate an immune response in the body. These antigens can be different for each blood type, such as A, B, AB, or O. The presence of these antigens on the surface of red blood cells determines a person's blood type.

133. Which body plane divides the body in equal portions?

Frontal

Sagittal

Midsagittal

Transverse

The midsagittal plane is the vertical plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves. It passes through the midline of the body, including the midline of the head, neck, and trunk. This plane is also known as the median plane or the midline. The frontal plane divides the body into front and back portions, the sagittal plane divides it into left and right portions, and the transverse plane divides it into upper and lower portions. However, only the midsagittal plane divides the body into equal halves.

Explanation

The midsagittal plane is the vertical plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves. It passes through the midline of the body, including the midline of the head, neck, and trunk. This plane is also known as the median plane or the midline. The frontal plane divides the body into front and back portions, the sagittal plane divides it into left and right portions, and the transverse plane divides it into upper and lower portions. However, only the midsagittal plane divides the body into equal halves.

134. When someone is in shock you should keep them cool.

True

False

The correct answer is False. When someone is in shock, it is important to keep them warm, not cool. This is because shock can cause a decrease in body temperature, so providing warmth can help prevent further complications. Cooling them down can worsen their condition.

Explanation

The correct answer is False. When someone is in shock, it is important to keep them warm, not cool. This is because shock can cause a decrease in body temperature, so providing warmth can help prevent further complications. Cooling them down can worsen their condition.

135. What is the first link in the chain of infection?

Portal of exit

Suseptible host

Agent

The first link in the chain of infection is the agent. The agent refers to the microorganism or pathogen that causes the infection. It can be a bacteria, virus, fungus, or parasite. The agent is responsible for initiating the infection and can be transmitted from one person to another through various modes of transmission.

Explanation

The first link in the chain of infection is the agent. The agent refers to the microorganism or pathogen that causes the infection. It can be a bacteria, virus, fungus, or parasite. The agent is responsible for initiating the infection and can be transmitted from one person to another through various modes of transmission.

136. Which tube can be used to collect blood for a type and crossmatch?

ETS Gray top

Pink top EDTA

Royal Blue top

Serum seperator tube

The Pink top EDTA tube can be used to collect blood for a type and crossmatch. EDTA is an anticoagulant that prevents blood from clotting, allowing it to be used for various tests including blood typing and crossmatching. The Pink top tube is specifically designed for collecting blood samples for hematology testing, making it the appropriate choice for this purpose.

Explanation

The Pink top EDTA tube can be used to collect blood for a type and crossmatch. EDTA is an anticoagulant that prevents blood from clotting, allowing it to be used for various tests including blood typing and crossmatching. The Pink top tube is specifically designed for collecting blood samples for hematology testing, making it the appropriate choice for this purpose.

137. The most critical aspect of blood culture collection is

Amount of specimen

Skin antisepsis

Specimen handling

The needle gauge

Skin antisepsis is the most critical aspect of blood culture collection because it helps to prevent contamination of the blood sample with bacteria or other microorganisms from the skin. Properly cleaning and disinfecting the skin before inserting the needle reduces the risk of introducing pathogens into the bloodstream, ensuring accurate and reliable test results. It is important to follow strict protocols for skin antisepsis to minimize the risk of false positive or false negative results and to prevent healthcare-associated infections.

Explanation

Skin antisepsis is the most critical aspect of blood culture collection because it helps to prevent contamination of the blood sample with bacteria or other microorganisms from the skin. Properly cleaning and disinfecting the skin before inserting the needle reduces the risk of introducing pathogens into the bloodstream, ensuring accurate and reliable test results. It is important to follow strict protocols for skin antisepsis to minimize the risk of false positive or false negative results and to prevent healthcare-associated infections.

138. An evacuated tube system for venipuncture consists of ALL BUT WHICH ONE of these components?

Vacuum collection tube with color coded stopper

Special plastic holder known as adapter

Compartmentalized, hard shell collection tray

Double sided multi sample needle with slanted bore

The evacuated tube system for venipuncture consists of a vacuum collection tube with a color-coded stopper, a special plastic holder known as an adapter, and a double-sided multi-sample needle with a slanted bore. These components are essential for the collection and transportation of blood samples. However, the compartmentalized, hard shell collection tray is not a necessary component of the system. It may be used for organizational purposes, but it is not directly involved in the venipuncture process.

Explanation

The evacuated tube system for venipuncture consists of a vacuum collection tube with a color-coded stopper, a special plastic holder known as an adapter, and a double-sided multi-sample needle with a slanted bore. These components are essential for the collection and transportation of blood samples. However, the compartmentalized, hard shell collection tray is not a necessary component of the system. It may be used for organizational purposes, but it is not directly involved in the venipuncture process.

139. The venipuncture site should be cleansed in a circular motion from the center to the __________.

Periphery

Injection point

Opposite side you started from

None of the above

When performing a venipuncture, it is important to cleanse the site properly to prevent infection. Cleansing the site in a circular motion from the center to the periphery ensures that any potential contaminants are pushed away from the puncture site. This technique helps to maintain the cleanliness and sterility of the area, reducing the risk of introducing bacteria or other pathogens into the bloodstream. Therefore, the correct answer is "periphery."

Explanation

When performing a venipuncture, it is important to cleanse the site properly to prevent infection. Cleansing the site in a circular motion from the center to the periphery ensures that any potential contaminants are pushed away from the puncture site. This technique helps to maintain the cleanliness and sterility of the area, reducing the risk of introducing bacteria or other pathogens into the bloodstream. Therefore, the correct answer is "periphery."

140. Which of the following legally enforces the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard?

FDA

OSHA

CDC

The Joint Commission

OSHA, or the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, legally enforces the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard. OSHA is a federal agency that sets and enforces workplace safety regulations to protect workers from hazards, including exposure to bloodborne pathogens. The Bloodborne Pathogen Standard specifically aims to protect healthcare workers who may come into contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials in the course of their work. OSHA ensures that employers comply with this standard by conducting inspections, issuing citations, and imposing penalties for non-compliance.

Explanation

OSHA, or the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, legally enforces the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard. OSHA is a federal agency that sets and enforces workplace safety regulations to protect workers from hazards, including exposure to bloodborne pathogens. The Bloodborne Pathogen Standard specifically aims to protect healthcare workers who may come into contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials in the course of their work. OSHA ensures that employers comply with this standard by conducting inspections, issuing citations, and imposing penalties for non-compliance.

141. According to CLSI which tube is filled last when using a syringe?

EDTA

Heparin

Citrate

Sterile SPS

According to CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute), when using a syringe, EDTA is filled last.

Explanation

According to CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute), when using a syringe, EDTA is filled last.

142. Do not draw blood __________ an intravenous infusion.

Before

During

Above

After

During an intravenous infusion, it is important not to draw blood because it can disrupt the flow of the infusion and cause complications. Drawing blood during the infusion can lead to a decrease in the amount of medication or fluids being delivered, potentially affecting the effectiveness of the treatment. Therefore, it is best to avoid drawing blood during an intravenous infusion to ensure the smooth administration of fluids or medication.

Explanation

During an intravenous infusion, it is important not to draw blood because it can disrupt the flow of the infusion and cause complications. Drawing blood during the infusion can lead to a decrease in the amount of medication or fluids being delivered, potentially affecting the effectiveness of the treatment. Therefore, it is best to avoid drawing blood during an intravenous infusion to ensure the smooth administration of fluids or medication.

143. The internal space of a blood vessel

Atrium

Lumen

Septum

Valve

The correct answer is "lumen." The lumen refers to the internal space or cavity of a blood vessel. It is the hollow area through which blood flows. The lumen is surrounded by the walls of the blood vessel, which are composed of layers of cells and connective tissue. The size of the lumen can vary depending on the type and size of the blood vessel.

Explanation

The correct answer is "lumen." The lumen refers to the internal space or cavity of a blood vessel. It is the hollow area through which blood flows. The lumen is surrounded by the walls of the blood vessel, which are composed of layers of cells and connective tissue. The size of the lumen can vary depending on the type and size of the blood vessel.

144. Which test requires a 24 hour urine specimen?

Creatnine Clearance

Culture and Sensitivity

Fibrin Split

Glucose tolerance test

Creatinine clearance is a test that measures how well the kidneys are functioning by measuring the amount of creatinine in a 24-hour urine sample. Creatinine is a waste product that is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine. By measuring the amount of creatinine in the urine over a 24-hour period, the test can determine how efficiently the kidneys are clearing creatinine from the blood. This test is often used to assess kidney function and diagnose conditions such as chronic kidney disease.

Explanation

Creatinine clearance is a test that measures how well the kidneys are functioning by measuring the amount of creatinine in a 24-hour urine sample. Creatinine is a waste product that is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine. By measuring the amount of creatinine in the urine over a 24-hour period, the test can determine how efficiently the kidneys are clearing creatinine from the blood. This test is often used to assess kidney function and diagnose conditions such as chronic kidney disease.

145. If an infant is screaming during a CBC test the

Platelets may clump

Specimen may be hemoconcentrated

Specimen is more likely to hemolyze

WBC may be elevated

If an infant is screaming during a CBC test, it can cause stress and agitation, which can lead to an increase in the number of white blood cells (WBC). The body's natural response to stress is to release more WBCs to fight off potential threats or infections. Therefore, the WBC count may be elevated in this case.

Explanation

If an infant is screaming during a CBC test, it can cause stress and agitation, which can lead to an increase in the number of white blood cells (WBC). The body's natural response to stress is to release more WBCs to fight off potential threats or infections. Therefore, the WBC count may be elevated in this case.

146. An example of a nosocomial infection is

Catheter site of ICU patient becomes infected

Healthcare worker contracts HBV from a needlestick

Patient is admitted with chicken pox

Patient breaks out with measles one day after admission

A nosocomial infection refers to an infection that is acquired in a hospital or healthcare setting. In this case, the catheter site of an ICU patient becoming infected is an example of a nosocomial infection. This infection is acquired during the patient's stay in the hospital, specifically in the ICU, where invasive procedures like catheterization are common.

Explanation

A nosocomial infection refers to an infection that is acquired in a hospital or healthcare setting. In this case, the catheter site of an ICU patient becoming infected is an example of a nosocomial infection. This infection is acquired during the patient's stay in the hospital, specifically in the ICU, where invasive procedures like catheterization are common.

147. Capillary puncture blood most closely resembles ____________.

Arterial blood

Venous blood

Capillary puncture blood most closely resembles arterial blood because both types of blood come from the circulatory system. Arterial blood is oxygenated and carries nutrients to the body's tissues, while capillary puncture blood is also oxygenated and contains nutrients. Both types of blood are bright red in color due to the presence of oxygen. Additionally, capillary puncture blood is obtained by pricking the skin and collecting blood from capillaries, which are small blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. Therefore, the composition and characteristics of capillary puncture blood closely resemble arterial blood.

Explanation

Capillary puncture blood most closely resembles arterial blood because both types of blood come from the circulatory system. Arterial blood is oxygenated and carries nutrients to the body's tissues, while capillary puncture blood is also oxygenated and contains nutrients. Both types of blood are bright red in color due to the presence of oxygen. Additionally, capillary puncture blood is obtained by pricking the skin and collecting blood from capillaries, which are small blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. Therefore, the composition and characteristics of capillary puncture blood closely resemble arterial blood.

148. The relaxing phase of the cardiac cycle is:bradycardia

Bradycardia

Systole

Diastole

Infarction

Diastole is the correct answer because it refers to the relaxing phase of the cardiac cycle. During diastole, the heart muscles relax and the chambers fill with blood. This is followed by systole, which is the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle. Bradycardia refers to an abnormally slow heart rate, and infarction refers to the death of heart tissue due to lack of blood flow.

Explanation

Diastole is the correct answer because it refers to the relaxing phase of the cardiac cycle. During diastole, the heart muscles relax and the chambers fill with blood. This is followed by systole, which is the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle. Bradycardia refers to an abnormally slow heart rate, and infarction refers to the death of heart tissue due to lack of blood flow.

149. Which lab sectioin would analyze the C&S test?

Hematology

Immunology

Microbiology

Serology

Microbiology is the lab section that would analyze the C&S (Culture and Sensitivity) test. This test is used to identify the presence of bacteria or fungi in a sample and determine which antibiotics would be effective in treating the infection. Microbiology is the branch of science that deals with the study of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, making it the appropriate lab section for analyzing the C&S test.

Explanation

Microbiology is the lab section that would analyze the C&S (Culture and Sensitivity) test. This test is used to identify the presence of bacteria or fungi in a sample and determine which antibiotics would be effective in treating the infection. Microbiology is the branch of science that deals with the study of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, making it the appropriate lab section for analyzing the C&S test.

150. Sodium Fluoride preserves glucose for how many days?

1

2

3

4

Sodium Fluoride preserves glucose for 3 days.

Explanation

Sodium Fluoride preserves glucose for 3 days.

151. Lack of physical or mental fitness is __________.

Malpractice

Obesity

Negligence

Incompetence

The term "incompetence" refers to the lack of ability or skill to perform a task or fulfill a responsibility. In the context of the question, it suggests that the lack of physical or mental fitness is a result of being unable to meet the required standards or expectations. This implies that the person is not capable or proficient in maintaining their physical or mental well-being, leading to a state of incompetence.

Explanation

The term "incompetence" refers to the lack of ability or skill to perform a task or fulfill a responsibility. In the context of the question, it suggests that the lack of physical or mental fitness is a result of being unable to meet the required standards or expectations. This implies that the person is not capable or proficient in maintaining their physical or mental well-being, leading to a state of incompetence.

152. Which tube does not contain EDTA?

Lavender tube tops

Pink plastic top tubes with special blood bank patient ID label

Pearl top tubes with thixotropic gel separator

Mottled green and gray topped tubes

The mottled green and gray topped tubes do not contain EDTA. This can be inferred from the fact that the other three options (lavender tube tops, pink plastic top tubes with special blood bank patient ID label, and pearl top tubes with thixotropic gel separator) are mentioned to contain specific additives or separators, whereas the mottled green and gray topped tubes are not described to contain any specific additive like EDTA.

Explanation

The mottled green and gray topped tubes do not contain EDTA. This can be inferred from the fact that the other three options (lavender tube tops, pink plastic top tubes with special blood bank patient ID label, and pearl top tubes with thixotropic gel separator) are mentioned to contain specific additives or separators, whereas the mottled green and gray topped tubes are not described to contain any specific additive like EDTA.

153. What tube is used for ESR?

Red

Lavender

Green

Yellow

The tube used for ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) is lavender. This is because lavender tubes contain an anticoagulant called EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), which prevents blood clotting and allows the blood to remain in a liquid state for the ESR test. The lavender tube is specifically designed for tests that require whole blood or plasma, making it suitable for ESR measurements.

Explanation

The tube used for ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) is lavender. This is because lavender tubes contain an anticoagulant called EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), which prevents blood clotting and allows the blood to remain in a liquid state for the ESR test. The lavender tube is specifically designed for tests that require whole blood or plasma, making it suitable for ESR measurements.

154. Squeezing the finger too vigorously during the capillary bloood collection can cause erroneous lab results due to

Skin contamination

Blood cell concentration

Clotting at the puncture site

Dilution with tissue fluid

Squeezing the finger too vigorously during capillary blood collection can cause erroneous lab results due to dilution with tissue fluid. When excessive pressure is applied, it can cause the release of tissue fluid into the blood sample, leading to inaccurate test results. This dilution can affect the concentration of various components in the blood, potentially altering the measurements and leading to incorrect interpretations. Therefore, it is important to apply the appropriate amount of pressure during capillary blood collection to avoid dilution with tissue fluid and ensure accurate lab results.

Explanation

Squeezing the finger too vigorously during capillary blood collection can cause erroneous lab results due to dilution with tissue fluid. When excessive pressure is applied, it can cause the release of tissue fluid into the blood sample, leading to inaccurate test results. This dilution can affect the concentration of various components in the blood, potentially altering the measurements and leading to incorrect interpretations. Therefore, it is important to apply the appropriate amount of pressure during capillary blood collection to avoid dilution with tissue fluid and ensure accurate lab results.

155. Which of the following specimens are least likely to require special handling?

Bilirubin and Folate

Cholesterol and Uric Acid

Gastrin and Lactic Acid

Homocystine and renin

Cholesterol and Uric Acid are least likely to require special handling because they are stable and do not degrade easily. They can be stored and transported without the need for specific temperature control or protection from light. In contrast, other specimens such as Bilirubin and Folate, Gastrin and Lactic Acid, and Homocystine and Renin may require special handling due to their sensitivity to light, temperature, or degradation over time.

Explanation

Cholesterol and Uric Acid are least likely to require special handling because they are stable and do not degrade easily. They can be stored and transported without the need for specific temperature control or protection from light. In contrast, other specimens such as Bilirubin and Folate, Gastrin and Lactic Acid, and Homocystine and Renin may require special handling due to their sensitivity to light, temperature, or degradation over time.

156. The Good Samaritan Law allows health care workers to provide medical care above and beyond their normal field without being sued.

True

False

The Good Samaritan Law does not specifically apply to health care workers, but rather to any individual who provides emergency medical care in good faith. It protects these individuals from being sued for any harm that may occur while providing such care, as long as they act reasonably and within their level of training. Therefore, health care workers are not given the freedom to provide medical care outside of their normal field without the risk of being sued.

Explanation

The Good Samaritan Law does not specifically apply to health care workers, but rather to any individual who provides emergency medical care in good faith. It protects these individuals from being sued for any harm that may occur while providing such care, as long as they act reasonably and within their level of training. Therefore, health care workers are not given the freedom to provide medical care outside of their normal field without the risk of being sued.

157. Which tube is sometimes called a serum separator tube?

Red

Red/gray

Light blue

Green

A red/gray tube is sometimes called a serum separator tube because it contains a gel that separates the serum from the blood cells when the tube is centrifuged. This allows for easy collection and analysis of the serum, which contains important components such as proteins, enzymes, and antibodies. The red color of the tube indicates that it contains a clot activator, which helps to promote coagulation and separate the serum. The gray color indicates the presence of a gel barrier that aids in the separation process.

Explanation

A red/gray tube is sometimes called a serum separator tube because it contains a gel that separates the serum from the blood cells when the tube is centrifuged. This allows for easy collection and analysis of the serum, which contains important components such as proteins, enzymes, and antibodies. The red color of the tube indicates that it contains a clot activator, which helps to promote coagulation and separate the serum. The gray color indicates the presence of a gel barrier that aids in the separation process.

158. The smallest veins of the human anatomy are known as_____

Capillaries

Arteries

Venules

Arterioles

Venules are the smallest veins in the human anatomy. Veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Venules are smaller than veins and connect capillaries to larger veins. They play a crucial role in the microcirculation system, allowing the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. Arteries, on the other hand, carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while arterioles are small branches of arteries that regulate blood flow to specific tissues. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels where the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products occurs.

Explanation

Venules are the smallest veins in the human anatomy. Veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Venules are smaller than veins and connect capillaries to larger veins. They play a crucial role in the microcirculation system, allowing the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. Arteries, on the other hand, carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while arterioles are small branches of arteries that regulate blood flow to specific tissues. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels where the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products occurs.

159. Repeated venipuncture in the same vein can cause:

Thrombus

Phlebitis

Hemolysis

Petechiae

Repeated venipuncture in the same vein can cause phlebitis, which is the inflammation of the vein. This can occur due to irritation and damage to the vein wall from multiple needle insertions. Phlebitis can cause pain, redness, and swelling at the site of the venipuncture. If left untreated, it can lead to complications such as blood clots (thrombus) and infection. Therefore, it is important to avoid repeated venipuncture in the same vein to minimize the risk of phlebitis and its associated complications.

Explanation

Repeated venipuncture in the same vein can cause phlebitis, which is the inflammation of the vein. This can occur due to irritation and damage to the vein wall from multiple needle insertions. Phlebitis can cause pain, redness, and swelling at the site of the venipuncture. If left untreated, it can lead to complications such as blood clots (thrombus) and infection. Therefore, it is important to avoid repeated venipuncture in the same vein to minimize the risk of phlebitis and its associated complications.

160. What are the 3 components of a urinalysis?

Physical, chemical, microscopic exams

Gravity, clarity and color exams

Blood, protein and glucose exams

Hear, see and taste exam

A urinalysis consists of three components: physical, chemical, and microscopic exams. The physical exam involves observing the color, clarity, and specific gravity of the urine. The chemical exam tests for the presence of various substances such as glucose, protein, and blood. The microscopic exam involves examining the urine under a microscope to identify any abnormal cells, bacteria, or crystals. These three components help to provide a comprehensive analysis of the urine and can help diagnose various medical conditions.

Explanation

A urinalysis consists of three components: physical, chemical, and microscopic exams. The physical exam involves observing the color, clarity, and specific gravity of the urine. The chemical exam tests for the presence of various substances such as glucose, protein, and blood. The microscopic exam involves examining the urine under a microscope to identify any abnormal cells, bacteria, or crystals. These three components help to provide a comprehensive analysis of the urine and can help diagnose various medical conditions.

161. How many times should a light-blue tube be inverted?

2-3

8

5

3-4

The correct answer is 3-4. This suggests that a light-blue tube should be inverted 3 to 4 times. Inverting a tube is a common technique used in laboratories to mix the contents thoroughly. By inverting the tube multiple times, it ensures that the substances inside are well mixed and any particles or solutions are evenly distributed. The specific number of inversions may vary depending on the experiment or procedure being conducted.

Explanation

The correct answer is 3-4. This suggests that a light-blue tube should be inverted 3 to 4 times. Inverting a tube is a common technique used in laboratories to mix the contents thoroughly. By inverting the tube multiple times, it ensures that the substances inside are well mixed and any particles or solutions are evenly distributed. The specific number of inversions may vary depending on the experiment or procedure being conducted.

162. Cortisol peaks late in the afternoon.

True

False

Cortisol does not peak late in the afternoon. In fact, cortisol levels typically peak in the morning, shortly after waking up, and gradually decrease throughout the day. This is known as the cortisol awakening response. Therefore, the statement that cortisol peaks late in the afternoon is incorrect.

Explanation

Cortisol does not peak late in the afternoon. In fact, cortisol levels typically peak in the morning, shortly after waking up, and gradually decrease throughout the day. This is known as the cortisol awakening response. Therefore, the statement that cortisol peaks late in the afternoon is incorrect.

163. How many times should a red top tube be inverted?

2

5

0

8

A red top tube does not contain any additives (in most cases), so it does not need to be inverted after blood collection. It is used for collecting serum after the blood clots naturally, and inversion is not required for this process.

Thus, the correct answer is 0.

Explanation

A red top tube does not contain any additives (in most cases), so it does not need to be inverted after blood collection. It is used for collecting serum after the blood clots naturally, and inversion is not required for this process.

Thus, the correct answer is 0.

164. Why does a multi sample needle have a rubber sleeve over the end of the needle that is inserted into the collection tube?

To make it easier to push tubes on and off

To decrease the chance of patient needle injury

To prevent blood from seeping into the adapter

To keep bacteria from entering the collection tubes

The rubber sleeve over the end of the needle is used to prevent blood from seeping into the adapter. This is important because if blood were to enter the adapter, it could contaminate the sample or cause inaccurate test results. The rubber sleeve acts as a barrier, ensuring that only the intended amount of blood is collected and preventing any leakage or seepage.

Explanation

The rubber sleeve over the end of the needle is used to prevent blood from seeping into the adapter. This is important because if blood were to enter the adapter, it could contaminate the sample or cause inaccurate test results. The rubber sleeve acts as a barrier, ensuring that only the intended amount of blood is collected and preventing any leakage or seepage.

165. The health care worker is protected by law if it can be determined that he or she acted as expected when compared with fellow workers. This is called __________.

Respondent superior

Reasonable care

Duty of care

None of the above

The concept of "reasonable care" refers to the legal standard that determines whether a person has acted with the level of caution and prudence that a reasonable person would exercise in similar circumstances. In the context of the question, if a health care worker can demonstrate that their actions align with what would be expected from their peers in the same profession, they are protected by law. This means that as long as the health care worker has acted reasonably and in accordance with industry standards, they are not liable for any potential harm or negligence.

Explanation

The concept of "reasonable care" refers to the legal standard that determines whether a person has acted with the level of caution and prudence that a reasonable person would exercise in similar circumstances. In the context of the question, if a health care worker can demonstrate that their actions align with what would be expected from their peers in the same profession, they are protected by law. This means that as long as the health care worker has acted reasonably and in accordance with industry standards, they are not liable for any potential harm or negligence.

166. The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the systemic circulation

Right atrium

Left atrium

Right ventricle

Left ventricle

The right atrium is the chamber of the heart that receives blood from the systemic circulation. The systemic circulation refers to the circulation of oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava. From the right atrium, the blood flows into the right ventricle, which then pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. Therefore, the right atrium is the correct answer as it is the chamber responsible for receiving blood from the systemic circulation.

Explanation

The right atrium is the chamber of the heart that receives blood from the systemic circulation. The systemic circulation refers to the circulation of oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava. From the right atrium, the blood flows into the right ventricle, which then pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. Therefore, the right atrium is the correct answer as it is the chamber responsible for receiving blood from the systemic circulation.

167. This organization develops standards for specimen handling and processing

CDC

CLIA

CLSI

FDA

CLSI stands for Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. It is an organization that develops standards for specimen handling and processing in clinical and laboratory settings. These standards ensure that specimens are collected, stored, and processed correctly, leading to accurate and reliable test results. CLSI's guidelines are widely used by healthcare professionals and laboratories to maintain quality and consistency in specimen handling procedures.

Explanation

CLSI stands for Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. It is an organization that develops standards for specimen handling and processing in clinical and laboratory settings. These standards ensure that specimens are collected, stored, and processed correctly, leading to accurate and reliable test results. CLSI's guidelines are widely used by healthcare professionals and laboratories to maintain quality and consistency in specimen handling procedures.

168. Which of these elements in blood is bound by EDTA in a collection tube to prevent clotting?

Potassium

Magnesium

Calcium

Sodium

EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a chelating agent commonly used in blood collection tubes to prevent clotting by binding to calcium ions. Calcium is an essential coagulation factor in the blood clotting cascade. By removing calcium, EDTA inhibits the activation of clotting factors and prevents the formation of clots. Therefore, calcium is the element in blood that is bound by EDTA in a collection tube to prevent clotting.

Explanation

EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a chelating agent commonly used in blood collection tubes to prevent clotting by binding to calcium ions. Calcium is an essential coagulation factor in the blood clotting cascade. By removing calcium, EDTA inhibits the activation of clotting factors and prevents the formation of clots. Therefore, calcium is the element in blood that is bound by EDTA in a collection tube to prevent clotting.

169. The purpose of an antiglycolotic agent is

Enhance clotting

Inhibit microbes

Preserve glucose

Prevent clotting

An antiglycolytic agent is used to preserve glucose. Glucose is an essential source of energy for cells, and it plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. In certain situations, such as during blood collection or transportation, the breakdown of glucose by glycolysis needs to be prevented to ensure accurate test results or maintain the viability of cells. Antiglycolytic agents inhibit the enzymes involved in glycolysis, thus preserving the glucose levels and preventing its depletion. This allows for accurate analysis of glucose levels or ensures the availability of glucose for cellular metabolism.

Explanation

An antiglycolytic agent is used to preserve glucose. Glucose is an essential source of energy for cells, and it plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. In certain situations, such as during blood collection or transportation, the breakdown of glucose by glycolysis needs to be prevented to ensure accurate test results or maintain the viability of cells. Antiglycolytic agents inhibit the enzymes involved in glycolysis, thus preserving the glucose levels and preventing its depletion. This allows for accurate analysis of glucose levels or ensures the availability of glucose for cellular metabolism.

170. To draw blood from a patient with an open IV line the selected site should be located _____

Below the IV

In the IV tubing

Above the IV

In the antecubital fossa

To ensure accurate blood sampling without contamination from IV fluids, the venipuncture site for a patient with an open IV line should be below the IV site. This location reduces the risk of dilution of the blood sample and ensures reliable test results. Typically, the antecubital fossa is chosen for venipuncture.

Explanation

To ensure accurate blood sampling without contamination from IV fluids, the venipuncture site for a patient with an open IV line should be below the IV site. This location reduces the risk of dilution of the blood sample and ensures reliable test results. Typically, the antecubital fossa is chosen for venipuncture.

171. Glass particle in serum seperator tubes

Deter coagulation

Enhance clotting

Inhibit glycolysis

Prevent hemolysis

The presence of glass particles in serum separator tubes can enhance clotting. Glass particles act as a surface for blood clot formation, promoting the activation of coagulation factors and the formation of a clot. This can be beneficial in laboratory settings where clotting is required for certain tests or procedures.

Explanation

The presence of glass particles in serum separator tubes can enhance clotting. Glass particles act as a surface for blood clot formation, promoting the activation of coagulation factors and the formation of a clot. This can be beneficial in laboratory settings where clotting is required for certain tests or procedures.

172. Which is the best tube for collecting an ethanol specimen?

EDTA

Heparin

Sodium citrate

Sodium fluoride

Sodium fluoride is the best tube for collecting an ethanol specimen. Ethanol is a volatile substance that can evaporate quickly, and sodium fluoride helps to preserve it by inhibiting the action of enzymes that break down ethanol. This tube is commonly used for alcohol testing in forensic and clinical settings. EDTA, heparin, and sodium citrate are not suitable for collecting ethanol specimens.

Explanation

Sodium fluoride is the best tube for collecting an ethanol specimen. Ethanol is a volatile substance that can evaporate quickly, and sodium fluoride helps to preserve it by inhibiting the action of enzymes that break down ethanol. This tube is commonly used for alcohol testing in forensic and clinical settings. EDTA, heparin, and sodium citrate are not suitable for collecting ethanol specimens.

173. A red top tube is usualy drawn for which lab department?

Hematology

Blood bank

Chemistry

Serology

A red top tube is usually drawn for the chemistry lab department. This is because the red top tube contains no additives or anticoagulants, making it suitable for collecting blood samples for chemistry tests. These tests typically analyze the levels of various substances in the blood, such as glucose, cholesterol, electrolytes, and enzymes. By using a red top tube, the blood can clot and separate, allowing for the isolation of serum, which is necessary for many chemistry tests.

Explanation

A red top tube is usually drawn for the chemistry lab department. This is because the red top tube contains no additives or anticoagulants, making it suitable for collecting blood samples for chemistry tests. These tests typically analyze the levels of various substances in the blood, such as glucose, cholesterol, electrolytes, and enzymes. By using a red top tube, the blood can clot and separate, allowing for the isolation of serum, which is necessary for many chemistry tests.

174. How many hours before a blood test should a patient discontinue the use of medications known to interfere with blood tests?

1-4

4-24

24-36

48-72

Medications can interfere with blood test results, leading to inaccurate readings or false positives. To minimize these effects, patients are typically advised to discontinue the use of medications known to interfere with blood tests at least 48 to 72 hours before the test. This time frame allows the body to clear the medication from the bloodstream, reducing its impact on the test results. However, specific guidance can vary depending on the type of medication, the test being performed, and the patient's health condition. It's crucial to follow medical advice from a healthcare provider before stopping any medication.

Explanation

Medications can interfere with blood test results, leading to inaccurate readings or false positives. To minimize these effects, patients are typically advised to discontinue the use of medications known to interfere with blood tests at least 48 to 72 hours before the test. This time frame allows the body to clear the medication from the bloodstream, reducing its impact on the test results. However, specific guidance can vary depending on the type of medication, the test being performed, and the patient's health condition. It's crucial to follow medical advice from a healthcare provider before stopping any medication.

175. Which of the following are types of tourniquets used in specimen collection?

Velcro

Blood pressure cuff

Pliable strap

All of the above

Types of tourniquets used in specimen collection include velcro, blood pressure cuff, and pliable strap. Each type can be utilized to restrict blood flow temporarily, making veins more prominent and facilitating the blood draw process.

Explanation

Types of tourniquets used in specimen collection include velcro, blood pressure cuff, and pliable strap. Each type can be utilized to restrict blood flow temporarily, making veins more prominent and facilitating the blood draw process.

176. Arterioles, the smallest arteries, subdivide into __________.

Capillaries

Bronchioles

Venules

Veins

Arterioles, which are the smallest arteries, subdivide into venules. Venules are small blood vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and carry it back to the veins. This process allows for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and tissues.

Explanation

Arterioles, which are the smallest arteries, subdivide into venules. Venules are small blood vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and carry it back to the veins. This process allows for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and tissues.

177. Which blood vessel is NOT part of systemic circulation?

Brachial artery

Cephalic vein

Pulmonary artery

Vena cava

The pulmonary artery is not part of systemic circulation because it carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. Systemic circulation, on the other hand, involves the transport of oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body's tissues and organs.

Explanation

The pulmonary artery is not part of systemic circulation because it carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. Systemic circulation, on the other hand, involves the transport of oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body's tissues and organs.

178. Arteries have valves that prevent the blood from flowing back.

True

False

Arteries do not have valves. Valves are present in veins, not arteries. Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood and ensure that it flows in one direction towards the heart. Arteries, on the other hand, have thick and elastic walls that help to maintain the high pressure of blood flow away from the heart.

Explanation

Arteries do not have valves. Valves are present in veins, not arteries. Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood and ensure that it flows in one direction towards the heart. Arteries, on the other hand, have thick and elastic walls that help to maintain the high pressure of blood flow away from the heart.

179. Which represents the proper order of blood flow?

From arteries to veins to capillaries

From arterioles to capillaries to venules

From capillaries to arterioles to arteries

From veins to venules to capillaries

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

180. What is the primary purpose of phlebotomy in healthcare?

Administering medication

Drawing blood for diagnostic testing

Performing minor surgical procedures

Checking blood pressure

Phlebotomy is the process of drawing blood from a patient, typically from a vein, for the purpose of diagnostic testing, blood transfusions, or research. It is an essential procedure in healthcare for diagnosing and monitoring medical conditions. Phlebotomists are trained to safely and efficiently collect blood samples while minimizing discomfort for the patient. Therefore, the primary purpose of phlebotomy is drawing blood for diagnostic testing.

Explanation

Phlebotomy is the process of drawing blood from a patient, typically from a vein, for the purpose of diagnostic testing, blood transfusions, or research. It is an essential procedure in healthcare for diagnosing and monitoring medical conditions. Phlebotomists are trained to safely and efficiently collect blood samples while minimizing discomfort for the patient. Therefore, the primary purpose of phlebotomy is drawing blood for diagnostic testing.

181. Which element prevents glycolysis?

EDTA

Heparin

Sodium Fluoride

Potassium oxalate

Sodium Fluoride is the correct answer because it is a known glycolysis inhibitor. It works by binding to calcium ions, which are necessary for the activation of certain enzymes involved in glycolysis. Without these enzymes, glycolysis cannot proceed, effectively preventing the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate.

Explanation

Sodium Fluoride is the correct answer because it is a known glycolysis inhibitor. It works by binding to calcium ions, which are necessary for the activation of certain enzymes involved in glycolysis. Without these enzymes, glycolysis cannot proceed, effectively preventing the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate.

182. Fluid aspirated from the peritoneal cavity.

Ascites

Gastric

Sputum

Synovial

Ascites refers to the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, which is the space between the abdominal organs. This condition can be caused by various factors such as liver disease, heart failure, kidney disease, or certain cancers. The fluid can be aspirated from the peritoneal cavity to relieve symptoms and diagnose the underlying cause. Therefore, the correct answer is Ascites.

Explanation

Ascites refers to the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, which is the space between the abdominal organs. This condition can be caused by various factors such as liver disease, heart failure, kidney disease, or certain cancers. The fluid can be aspirated from the peritoneal cavity to relieve symptoms and diagnose the underlying cause. Therefore, the correct answer is Ascites.

183. One bedside (point of care) laboratory test that is used before surgery to check whether a patient has a sufficient number of working platelets is known as the ___ test.

Prothrombin time

Bleeding time

Partial thromboplastin time

Complete blood counts

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is a bedside laboratory test that is used before surgery to check whether a patient has a sufficient number of working platelets. PTT measures the time it takes for blood to clot and is used to evaluate the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. By assessing the clotting ability of the blood, PTT can help determine if a patient is at risk for excessive bleeding during surgery. Prothrombin time (PT) measures the extrinsic pathway of coagulation and is used to monitor the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy. Bleeding time measures the time it takes for a small puncture wound to stop bleeding. Complete blood counts (CBC) provide information about the number and types of blood cells present in the body.

Explanation

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is a bedside laboratory test that is used before surgery to check whether a patient has a sufficient number of working platelets. PTT measures the time it takes for blood to clot and is used to evaluate the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. By assessing the clotting ability of the blood, PTT can help determine if a patient is at risk for excessive bleeding during surgery. Prothrombin time (PT) measures the extrinsic pathway of coagulation and is used to monitor the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy. Bleeding time measures the time it takes for a small puncture wound to stop bleeding. Complete blood counts (CBC) provide information about the number and types of blood cells present in the body.

184. Within the capillaries, blood cells __________.

Give away oxygen

Pick up carbon dioxide

Pick up waste products

All of the above

Within the capillaries, blood cells release oxygen to the surrounding tissues. This process occurs as oxygen diffuses from the high concentration in the blood cells to the lower concentration in the tissues. Therefore, the blood cells "give away" oxygen.

Explanation

Within the capillaries, blood cells release oxygen to the surrounding tissues. This process occurs as oxygen diffuses from the high concentration in the blood cells to the lower concentration in the tissues. Therefore, the blood cells "give away" oxygen.

185. The rubber sleve (at the end opposite the needle tip) on an evacuated tube needle makes it possible for use with __________.

Mulitple tubes

Sterile technique

Intravenous drips

Blood cultures

The rubber sleeve on an evacuated tube needle allows for a sterile technique to be used. This means that the needle can be inserted into a patient's vein without the risk of introducing any contaminants or causing an infection. The rubber sleeve acts as a barrier, preventing any bacteria or other microorganisms from entering the patient's bloodstream during the blood collection process. This is important in medical procedures where maintaining sterility is crucial, such as blood cultures or any other procedures that require a sterile environment. Additionally, the rubber sleeve also allows for the use of multiple tubes, as it can be easily changed between tubes without compromising sterility.

Explanation

The rubber sleeve on an evacuated tube needle allows for a sterile technique to be used. This means that the needle can be inserted into a patient's vein without the risk of introducing any contaminants or causing an infection. The rubber sleeve acts as a barrier, preventing any bacteria or other microorganisms from entering the patient's bloodstream during the blood collection process. This is important in medical procedures where maintaining sterility is crucial, such as blood cultures or any other procedures that require a sterile environment. Additionally, the rubber sleeve also allows for the use of multiple tubes, as it can be easily changed between tubes without compromising sterility.

186. The tube to collect whole blood with an EDTA additive in it has a __________ stopper.

Red

Lavender

Green

Yellow

The tube for collecting whole blood with an EDTA additive features a lavender stopper. EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is an anticoagulant used to preserve blood specimens by chelating calcium ions. The lavender color indicates the specific additive within the tube, aiding in proper sample identification and processing in laboratories.

Explanation

The tube for collecting whole blood with an EDTA additive features a lavender stopper. EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is an anticoagulant used to preserve blood specimens by chelating calcium ions. The lavender color indicates the specific additive within the tube, aiding in proper sample identification and processing in laboratories.