NCCT Pharmacology Exam Practice Quiz

Physicians must have a narcotics license to dispense, prescribe, or administer controlled substances. This license is necessary because narcotics are highly regulated substances due to their potential for abuse and addiction. It ensures that physicians have the necessary knowledge and expertise to handle these substances safely and responsibly, while also allowing them to provide necessary pain management and medical treatment to patients.

An anticoagulant is a drug that is used to prevent blood from clotting. It works by interfering with the blood's ability to form clots, which can be beneficial in certain medical conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, atrial fibrillation, or after certain surgeries. Anticholinergic drugs, on the other hand, work by blocking the action of a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine and are used to treat conditions like overactive bladder or Parkinson's disease. An antidote is a substance that can counteract the effects of a poison or toxic substance. A placebo is a substance or treatment that has no therapeutic effect and is used as a control in clinical trials.

A drug that reduces anxiety is called a tranquilizer. Tranquilizers are medications that help to calm and relax a person's mind and body, reducing feelings of anxiety and stress. They work by affecting certain chemicals in the brain, helping to restore a sense of calmness and relieve anxiety symptoms. Tranquilizers are commonly prescribed for conditions such as generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. They can be helpful in managing symptoms and improving overall well-being for individuals experiencing anxiety.

The correct answer is "fl or fld" because it is the correct abbreviation for the word "fluid." The other options, "wet," "flud," and "fuid," do not accurately represent the intended abbreviation.

The given abbreviations are sol, slt, stn, and SSN. The correct answer, sol, is a common abbreviation for solution.

The given abbreviations stand for intramuscular, ims, IMSC, and imul. Among these options, only IM refers to intramuscular.

A drug that causes urination is called a diuretic. Diuretics work by increasing the production of urine, which helps to remove excess fluid and salt from the body. They are commonly used to treat conditions such as high blood pressure, edema, and congestive heart failure. Diuretics can also be used to prevent kidney stones and reduce bloating.

The correct answer is AU. AU is an abbreviation that stands for both ears.

The correct answer is "inj" because it is a common abbreviation for the word "injection." The other options do not make sense as abbreviations for "injection."

The correct answer is "outdate or expiration date". This is the date on a bottle of medication that indicates the last day the medication is guaranteed to be effective and safe to use. It is important to not use the medication after this date as it may have lost its potency or could potentially be harmful.

The correct answer is "supp" because it is a common abbreviation for "suppository." The other options, "supt," "SSUP," and "SPT," do not correspond to the given abbreviation.

A drug that causes dilation of blood vessels is called a vasodilator. Vasodilators work by relaxing the smooth muscles in the walls of blood vessels, allowing them to widen and increase blood flow. This can be beneficial in conditions such as hypertension or angina, where increased blood flow is needed. Vasodilators can help reduce blood pressure and improve circulation.

A drug that decreases congestion is called a decongestant. Decongestants work by constricting the blood vessels in the nasal passages, reducing swelling and congestion. They are commonly used to relieve symptoms of nasal congestion caused by allergies, colds, or sinus infections. Unlike suppressants, which generally refer to drugs that suppress cough or other symptoms, decongestants specifically target congestion in the nasal passages. Diuretics are drugs that increase urine production, while sedatives are used to induce sleep or relaxation.

Hydrocortisone is a drug that is commonly used to suppress inflammation. It works by reducing the body's immune response and decreasing the production of inflammatory substances. This can help to alleviate symptoms such as redness, swelling, and pain associated with inflammation. Hydrocortisone is often used topically to treat skin conditions like eczema, dermatitis, and insect bites, but it can also be administered orally or through injection for more severe cases of inflammation.

The buccal method of administering a drug involves placing the medication between the gum and cheek. This allows the drug to be absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes of the mouth. This method is often used for drugs that need to bypass the digestive system and be quickly absorbed into the bloodstream. It is a convenient and effective way to administer certain medications.

The given abbreviations are "tbb," "tsp," "tbl," and "tab." Among these options, "tab" is the correct abbreviation for "tablet."

The correct answer is "twice." When mixing reagent, it is important to read the label twice to ensure accuracy and prevent any potential errors. Reading the label twice helps to double-check the instructions, confirm the correct dosage or measurements, and verify any specific precautions or warnings. This extra step can help to minimize the risk of mistakes and ensure the proper use of the reagent.

An antacid is a drug that neutralizes acidity in the stomach. It helps to relieve symptoms of acid reflux, heartburn, and indigestion by reducing the production of excess stomach acid. Antacids work by raising the pH level of the stomach, making it less acidic. This helps to alleviate discomfort and promote healing of the esophagus. Antidiarrhetic and antinauseant drugs are not specifically designed to neutralize acidity, and a placebo is a substance with no therapeutic effect. Therefore, the correct answer is antacid.

A drug that increases urinary output is called a diuretic. Diuretics work by promoting the excretion of excess water and electrolytes from the body through increased urine production. They are commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension, edema, and congestive heart failure. By increasing urinary output, diuretics help to reduce fluid retention and lower blood pressure.

The correct answer is "tinc" which is short for "tincture." Tincture is a term used in pharmacy to refer to a solution that contains a medicinal substance dissolved in alcohol. In this context, the abbreviation "tinc" is commonly used to indicate a tincture.

The abbreviation "bid" stands for "bis in die" in Latin, which translates to "twice a day" in English. This abbreviation is commonly used in medical prescriptions to indicate the frequency of medication dosage. Therefore, "bid" is the correct answer as it signifies the instruction to take the medication two times a day.

A small adhesive patch or disc used for administration of drugs is called a transdermal system because it is designed to deliver medication through the skin and into the bloodstream. This method allows for controlled and continuous release of the drug over a prolonged period of time. The patch or disc adheres to the skin and the medication is absorbed through the epidermis, bypassing the need for oral or injection administration. This is a convenient and non-invasive way to deliver medication, especially for drugs that need to be absorbed slowly and steadily.

The given answer "oint, ung" is a list of abbreviations for the word "ointment". These abbreviations are commonly used in medical and pharmaceutical contexts to refer to ointments. "ONT" is also included as an abbreviation for ointment. Additionally, "cream" is mentioned as another possible term to refer to ointment, although it is not an abbreviation.

An appetite suppressor is a drug that helps to control or reduce a person's appetite. It works by affecting the chemicals in the brain that regulate hunger and satiety, making a person feel less hungry and therefore eat less. This can be useful for individuals who struggle with overeating or have difficulty controlling their appetite. By suppressing the appetite, it can aid in weight loss efforts and help individuals achieve a healthier lifestyle.

Physicians with a narcotics license are required to register on June 30 of each year with the Drug Enforcement Agency. The DEA is responsible for enforcing controlled substances laws and regulations in the United States. Registering with the DEA ensures that physicians are authorized to handle and prescribe narcotics, and helps to prevent abuse and illegal distribution of these substances.

The given abbreviation "syr" is a common abbreviation for the word "syrup". This abbreviation is often used in recipes or medical contexts to refer to the thick, sweet liquid used as a flavoring or medication. Therefore, "syr" is the correct abbreviation for "syrup" in this context.

The abbreviation "gtt" stands for "drops" in medical terminology. It is derived from the Latin word "guttae" which means drops. This abbreviation is commonly used in prescriptions and medical instructions to indicate the number of drops to be administered.

The correct abbreviation for elixir is "elix" because it is a shortened form that retains the key letters of the original word.

The abbreviation "AD" stands for "auris dextra" which is Latin for "right ear". This abbreviation is commonly used in medical and scientific contexts to indicate the right ear. Therefore, "AD" is the correct answer for the given abbreviation "right ear".

The correct answer is "liters per minute" because the rate of delivery of oxygen is typically measured in liters per minute. This unit of measurement indicates the volume of oxygen being delivered over a specific period of time, allowing healthcare professionals to accurately monitor and adjust the oxygen flow rate to meet the patient's needs.

The correct answer is "emul". This is most likely an abbreviation for "emulsion". Emulsion refers to a mixture of two immiscible substances, such as oil and water, that are typically held together with the help of an emulsifying agent. It is possible that the other options, "eml", "els", and "EML", are not commonly used abbreviations or do not have a relevant meaning in the given context.

An antipyretic is a drug used to control temperature by reducing fever. It works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are chemicals that promote inflammation and raise body temperature. Antipyretics, such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen, are commonly used to alleviate symptoms of fever and help bring down body temperature. They do not treat the underlying cause of the fever but provide relief from associated discomfort.

A drug that produces sleep is called a hypnotic. Hypnotics are medications that induce sleep, helping individuals with insomnia or other sleep disorders to fall asleep and stay asleep. They work by slowing down the activity of the brain and central nervous system, promoting relaxation and drowsiness. Unlike placebos, which have no pharmacological effect, hypnotics have a specific mechanism of action that affects the sleep-wake cycle. Antispasmodics are drugs that relieve muscle spasms, while diaphoretics promote sweating.

The physician has ordered 50mg of Demerol to be given to a patient. The concentration of Demerol is 100mg/ml. To calculate the amount of Demerol in cc's, we divide the ordered dose (50mg) by the concentration (100mg/ml). This gives us 0.5 cc, which is the correct answer.

Schedule IV drugs include minor tranquilizers and hypnotics that have a lesser potential for abuse. This means that these drugs have a lower risk of addiction and abuse compared to other substances. They are commonly prescribed for conditions such as anxiety and sleep disorders. These drugs still have the potential for dependence and misuse, but to a lesser extent than substances in higher schedules. It is important to use them only as prescribed and under the supervision of a healthcare professional to minimize the risk of abuse.

Schedule I drugs are classified as substances that have no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. These drugs are considered to be the most dangerous and addictive, and they are strictly regulated by the government. Due to their high potential for abuse, they are not prescribed by doctors and are illegal to possess or distribute without proper authorization. Examples of Schedule I drugs include heroin, LSD, ecstasy, and marijuana (in some jurisdictions). These drugs are considered to be highly dangerous and are associated with severe health risks and addiction.

An antitussive is a drug specifically used to relieve coughing. It works by suppressing the cough reflex, helping to reduce the frequency and intensity of coughing. This makes antitussives an effective treatment for coughs caused by conditions such as the common cold, bronchitis, or allergies. Antitussives are available in various forms, including syrups, tablets, and lozenges, and they can be purchased over-the-counter or prescribed by a healthcare professional.

Nitroglycerine is used for the treatment of angina pectoris. Angina pectoris is a condition characterized by chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. Nitroglycerine works by relaxing and widening the blood vessels, improving blood flow to the heart and relieving the symptoms of angina. It is commonly administered as a sublingual tablet or spray to provide immediate relief during angina attacks.

The Physician's Drugs reference provides information about medications in various categories such as manufacturer, generic name, classification, and composition. However, the answer states that medications cannot be located under the category of composition. This means that the reference does not provide information about the specific ingredients or components of the medications.

The physician has ordered 500mg of a medication, and the amount on hand is 250mg per tablet. To calculate the number of tablets required, we divide the ordered dosage (500mg) by the dosage per tablet (250mg). This gives us a result of 2 tablets. Therefore, 2 tablets will be given to the patient.

An emulsion is a liquid preparation that consists of fine droplets of one immiscible liquid (in this case, oil) dispersed in another liquid (in this case, water). It is different from a solution, which is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, and from elixirs and tinctures, which are solutions containing medicinal substances. Therefore, the correct answer is emulsion.

A placebo is an inactive substance given to a patient, often in the form of a sugar pill or saline solution, that has no therapeutic effect. It is used in medical research or clinical practice to satisfy the patient's psychological or emotional need for treatment, without actually providing any active medication. Placebos are commonly used in double-blind studies to compare the effectiveness of a new drug against the placebo effect, which is the phenomenon where a patient experiences a perceived improvement in symptoms simply because they believe they are receiving treatment.

In the Physician's Desk Reference, the pink page is where a medical assistant would be able to locate a medication by brand or generic name. The color-coding system in the PDR helps to easily identify and find specific information related to medications. The pink page specifically focuses on providing comprehensive information about medications, including their brand and generic names, dosage forms, indications, contraindications, and other relevant details.

The physician has ordered 0.2 Gm of a medication, and the amount on hand is 400mg tabs. To determine how many tablets will be given to the patient, we need to convert the ordered dose to milligrams. Since 1 gram is equal to 1000 milligrams, 0.2 grams is equal to 200 milligrams. Since each tablet is 400 milligrams, the patient will be given 0.5 tablet (200mg/400mg).

A drug that causes the pupil of the eye to dilate is called a mydriatic.