Pha 334 Exam 3 Part I
PHA 334 Exam 3 Part I Sample questions covering Incompatibilities
- 1.Advantages of administering medications by I.V. infusion include
- A.
Replacement of essential fluids
- B.
Drug can be administered over an extended period in order to maintain a constant concentration in the body
- C.
Drug is less concentrated when it contacts the walls of the veins and is therefore, less irritating.
- D.
All of the Above
- 2.Intravenous (I.V.) drug therapy in large-volume fluids is only a common practice in inpatient but not outpatient settings
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 3.In general, it is OK to mix solutions of parenterals even though there is the potential for incompatibility
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 4.Stability – a product or combination of drugs that retain ____% of its original potency during the life span of the product
- A.
70
- B.
80
- C.
90
- D.
95
- 5.This term is usually applied to chemical reactions that are continuing without interruption, irreversible, and result in distinctly different chemical entities (degradation products) that can be both therapeutically inactive and possibly exhibit toxicity
- A.
Stable
- B.
Instable
- C.
Volatile
- D.
Predictable
- 6.This term generally refers to physiochemical phenomena such as concentration-dependent precipitation and acid-base reactions with the products of reaction manifested as a change in physical state or protonation-deprotonation equilibria
- A.
Incompatible
- B.
Compatible
- C.
Stable
- D.
Instable
- 7.These occur when two drugs combine in a solution to produce a change in the appearance of that solution
- A.
Chemical incompatibilities
- B.
Physical incompatiblities
- C.
Chemical change
- D.
Physcial change
- 8.Which of the following is not a visual change that might indicate a physical incompatibility is taking place?
- A.
Change in color
- B.
Development of a haze
- C.
Change in odor
- D.
Evolution of a gas
- E.
Formation of a precipitate
- 9.For drugs that are weak acids or bases, solubility is a direct function of
- A.
Solution pKa
- B.
Solution pH
- C.
Solution concentration
- D.
Drug concentration
- 10.Drugs that are poorly water soluble are often formulated using water miscible cosolvent such as
- A.
Ethanol
- B.
Propylene glycol
- C.
Polyethylene glycol
- D.
All of the above
- E.
None of the above
- 11.When mixing solutions that contain calcium and phophate, which should be added first?
- A.
Calcium
- B.
Phosphate
- C.
The order does not matter
- 12.The concentration of amino acids plays no role in the determination of calcium and phosphate precipitation.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 13.What is the term for when an intact drug is lost from solution by adsorption to the surface or absorption into the matrix of the container material, administration set or filter
- A.
Leaching
- B.
Reduction
- C.
Sorption
- 14.Chemical incompatabilites may not be visibly observable
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 15.Oxidation is
- A.
Electron loss that causes a negative increase in valence
- B.
Electron gain that causes a positive increase in valence
- C.
Electron loss that causes a positive increase in valence
- D.
Electron gain that causes a negative increase in valence
- 16.Which of the following should not be used to try and control the process of oxidation?
- A.
Oxygen should always be included in the dosage form
- B.
PH may be adjusted.
- C.
Chelating agents may be incorporated into the solvent
- D.
Antioxidants may be added
- 17.A visual check for precipitation, turbidity or color change before administering the mixture guarantees compatibility
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 18.Drug incompatibility will result when an interaction occurs between
- A.
Unionized bases and unionized acids
- B.
Unionized bases and ionized acids
- C.
Ionized bases and ionized acids
- D.
Ionized bases and unionized acids
- 19.Which of the following is not true about molecular acids?
- A.
Molecular acids are strong
- B.
Must react with a strong base to relinquish their H+
- C.
When they react with a strong base they form basic salts
- 20.WHich of the following is not a basic salt?
- A.
Sodium Phenobarbital
- B.
Potassium Penicillin V
- C.
Calcium hydroxide
- D.
Aluminum aspirin
- 21.WHich of the following is not an acidic salt?
- A.
Morphine sulfate
- B.
Triplennamine citrate
- C.
Physostigmine maleate;
- D.
Atropine methylbromide
- E.
Ephedrine hydrobromide
- 22.__________reactions in aqueous solution are a major source of drug incompatibility
- A.
Electron transfer
- B.
Proton transfer
- C.
Uneven transfer
- 23.You should wait an ample amount of time before administering an admixture to see if any precipitation forms before giving it to the patient.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 24.Biological substances including blood products and insulin are prone to denaturation when exposed to variations in pH and osmolality
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 25.Injecting drugs through a running I.V. can be done while observing for any signs of incompatibility
- A.
True
- B.
False
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