Pharmacy Ethics & Law True Or False Quiz

Explanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that ecstasy/MDMA indeed has an energizing influence and can cause distortions in time and perception. This is because ecstasy/MDMA affects serotonin levels in the brain, which in turn affects brain cells and leads to these effects.

Explanation
If a patient receives a dosage that was calculated erroneously, it is deemed an administration error. This means that there was a mistake made in calculating the dosage, resulting in the patient receiving an incorrect amount of medication. Such errors can have serious consequences for the patient's health and well-being, and it is important to identify and rectify them to ensure patient safety.

Explanation
Methadone and cortisone are not synthetic forms of opium. Methadone is a synthetic opioid medication used to treat opioid addiction and chronic pain, while cortisone is a synthetic steroid used to reduce inflammation. While both drugs can be abused, they are not derived from opium and therefore cannot be considered synthetic forms of opium. Thus, the correct answer is false.

Explanation
Constipation, nausea, euphoria, and slowed breathing rate are commonly associated with opioid prescription drug abuse. Opioids are known to cause constipation and nausea as side effects. Euphoria is a common effect of opioids, which can contribute to their abuse potential. Slowed breathing rate is a dangerous symptom of opioid abuse, as it can lead to respiratory depression and even overdose. Therefore, the statement that these signs and symptoms are associated with opioid prescription drug abuse is true.

Explanation
Prescription errors can occur when a healthcare professional writes a prescription for a patient who has a known allergy. This can happen due to various reasons such as lack of proper documentation, miscommunication, or oversight. It is essential for healthcare providers to thoroughly review a patient's medical history and allergies before prescribing any medication to avoid potentially harmful reactions or complications. Therefore, the statement "Prescription error may involve writing a prescription for a patient who has a known allergy" is true.

Explanation
Detoxification is the process of removing toxins or substances, including medications, from the body. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy that focuses on changing negative thoughts and behaviors. While CBT can be helpful in treating addiction and supporting detoxification, it is not the mechanism through which the body relieves itself of medications. Therefore, the statement is false.

Explanation
Maintaining confidentiality means keeping sensitive information private and not disclosing it to others without the individual's consent. In the given scenario, it would be a violation of confidentiality to disclose the patient's positive HCV test result to his family without his permission. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

Explanation
When health resources are distributed according to the principles of equity, it means that they are distributed fairly and based on the needs of individuals. This ensures that everyone has equal access to healthcare services, regardless of their socioeconomic status or other factors. By ensuring equitable distribution of health resources, the concept of justice is fulfilled as it promotes fairness and equal opportunities for all individuals to receive the necessary healthcare they need. Therefore, the answer is true.

Explanation
Autonomy is one of the main principles of bioethics, but it does not mean self-awareness. Autonomy refers to an individual's right to make decisions about their own healthcare based on their own values and beliefs. It emphasizes the importance of informed consent and respecting the choices of patients. Self-awareness, on the other hand, refers to an individual's consciousness and understanding of themselves. While self-awareness can be important in bioethical considerations, it is not synonymous with autonomy.

Explanation
This statement is false because views of acceptable norms in general society can and do change over time. Societal norms are influenced by various factors such as cultural shifts, technological advancements, and evolving social attitudes. What was once considered acceptable in the past may no longer be deemed appropriate in the present. Therefore, it is incorrect to claim that views of acceptable norms in general society will never change over time.

Explanation
The statement is false because concordance is actually the process of involving patients in their own healthcare decisions, rather than healthcare providers making decisions without patient involvement. Concordance emphasizes the importance of shared decision-making between patients and healthcare providers, taking into account the patient's values, preferences, and expertise, along with the healthcare provider's expertise. This collaborative approach ensures that the treatment decision is made in a way that is most appropriate and beneficial for the patient.

Explanation
Pharmacists are required to use professional judgment and apply available knowledge to ethical dilemmas in practice. However, they are also expected to be accountable for their decisions and be able to explain the reasoning behind them. Therefore, it is not true that pharmacists do not have to explain their decision when faced with ethical dilemmas.

Explanation
Controlled drugs are substances that have the potential to be misused or abused and are therefore regulated by the government. These drugs are classified into different categories or schedules based on their potential for abuse and medical use. The term "controlled drugs" is commonly used in the field of pharmacy and healthcare to refer to these substances. Therefore, the statement "Drugs that have the potential to be misused or abused are generally referred to as 'controlled drugs'" is true.

Explanation
According to the first Dangerous Drugs Act, it is indeed considered a criminal offense to import or export dangerous drugs like opium, morphine, and diamorphine without a license.

Explanation
Not all controlled drugs have a valid use as approved medicines for the treatment of illness. While many controlled drugs do have valid medical uses, there are also controlled drugs that are used for non-medical purposes, such as illicit drugs or substances used for recreational purposes. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that all controlled drugs have a valid medical use.

Explanation
When a dispensing error or adverse event occurs, it is important to handle the complaint professionally to demonstrate that the situation is being taken seriously. This helps to maintain trust and confidence in the healthcare system and shows a commitment to patient safety. By addressing the complaint professionally, healthcare providers can acknowledge the mistake, take appropriate corrective actions, and communicate effectively with the patient or their representative. This approach can help to prevent further harm, improve patient satisfaction, and promote a culture of accountability and continuous improvement in healthcare settings.

Explanation
It is not prudent to discuss patient compensation before conducting a complete investigation if a dispensing error occurs. This is because discussing compensation before investigating the error may lead to premature conclusions and potential misunderstandings. It is important to first thoroughly investigate the error to determine the cause and extent of harm, and then discuss appropriate compensation with the patient to maintain their trust and loyalty.

Explanation
The explanation for the answer being False is that the pharmacist should not solely rely on expert opinions when making a decision about the best antihypertensive treatment for a pregnant woman with diabetes. Instead, evidence-based medicine involves considering a range of high-quality evidence, such as clinical trials and systematic reviews, in order to make an objective and informed decision about the most appropriate treatment option. Expert opinions can be considered as one piece of the puzzle, but they should not be the sole basis for decision-making.

Explanation
A breach of confidentiality may occur if patient information is shared inappropriately. However, in certain situations where a patient poses a threat to themselves or others, it may be necessary to disclose confidential information to ensure the safety and well-being of the patient or others.

Explanation
This statement is true because a prescription error can occur when a healthcare provider writes a prescription for a patient who is known to have an adverse effect to the medication. This could happen if the healthcare provider is not aware of the patient's medical history or if there is a miscommunication between the provider and the patient. Such errors can lead to harmful effects on the patient's health and well-being. It is important for healthcare providers to carefully consider a patient's medical history and any known adverse effects before prescribing medication.

Explanation
Pharmaceutical care focuses on providing patient-centered care and managing medication therapy. This means that the healthcare professionals involved in pharmaceutical care prioritize the needs and well-being of the patient, ensuring that their medications are properly managed and optimized for their specific health conditions. By adopting a patient-centered approach, pharmaceutical care aims to improve patient outcomes and enhance the quality of their healthcare experience. Therefore, the given answer, "True," accurately reflects the concept of pharmaceutical care.

Explanation
Pharmacists should always determine whether the patient has any difficulties taking the medicine to ensure the safety of medication. This statement is incorrect because while it is important for pharmacists to assess any difficulties the patient may have in taking medication, it is not the sole responsibility of pharmacists to ensure medication safety. Other healthcare professionals, such as doctors, nurses, and patients themselves, also play a role in medication safety.

Explanation
Pharmacists should investigate the reasons behind patients refusing to take their medication. By understanding the reasons, pharmacists can address any concerns or misconceptions the patient may have. They can then explain the advantages and disadvantages of taking the medicine, as well as the potential consequences of not taking it. This approach helps to ensure that patients make informed decisions about their medication and understand the potential risks and benefits. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation
Administering the incorrect dosage is the most frequent form of drug error because it involves giving a patient either too much or too little of a medication. This can happen due to various reasons such as miscommunication, miscalculation, or human error. Incorrect dosage can have serious consequences on a patient's health, including adverse reactions, ineffective treatment, or even overdose. Therefore, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to be diligent in ensuring the correct dosage is administered to minimize the occurrence of drug errors.

Explanation
Sending the wrong prescription or dosage to the nurse station is not an example of an administration mistake. It would be considered a prescribing or medication error, as it occurs before the medication is administered. Administration mistakes typically involve errors in the actual process of giving the medication to the patient, such as giving the wrong medication or dosage to the patient.

Explanation
Drug dependence refers to a condition where an individual is unable to control or regulate their consumption of drugs or alcohol. This can lead to harmful consequences and damage to their physical and mental health. Therefore, the statement that those with drug dependence can continue to consume drugs despite the damage they inflict is true. However, the given answer is false, suggesting that the statement is incorrect.

Explanation
Doctor shopping is a procedure in which patients visit several doctors in order to receive prescription medications unlawfully. However, it is not limited to only schedule 1 class medications. It can involve any type of prescription medication. Therefore, the correct answer is False.