Pathology Trivia MCQ: Quiz! Exam

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Pathology Trivia MCQ: Quiz! Exam - Quiz

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Questions and Answers
  • 1. 
    Choose the correct proportion of water to body weight to be expected in a healthy male adult’s body:
    • A. 

      30%

    • B. 

      45%

    • C. 

      60%

    • D. 

      70%

  • 2. 
    Choose the correct proportion of blood (to body weight) in an adult male’s body:
    • A. 

      30%

    • B. 

      20%

    • C. 

      10%

    • D. 

      4%

  • 3. 
    Insensible fluid loss refers to water lost through:
    • A. 

      Perspiration

    • B. 

      Feces

    • C. 

      Perspiration and expiration

    • D. 

      Urine and feces

  • 4. 
    When the osmotic pressure of the blood is elevated above normal, water would shift from the:
    • A. 

      Blood into the cells

    • B. 

      Interstitial compartment into the cells

    • C. 

      Interstitial compartment into the blood

    • D. 

      Cells into the interstitial compartment

  • 5. 
    What would a deficit of plasma proteins likely cause?
    • A. 

      Increased osmotic pressure

    • B. 

      Decreased osmotic pressure

    • C. 

      Increased hydrostatic pressure

    • D. 

      Decreased hydrostatic pressure

  • 6. 
    What would cause edema?
    • A. 

      Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure

    • B. 

      Increased capillary osmotic pressure

    • C. 

      Decreased capillary permeability

    • D. 

      Increased capillary permeability

  • 7. 
    What would be related to an elevated hematocrit?
    • A. 

      Fluid excess

    • B. 

      Fluid deficit

    • C. 

      Increased sodium level

    • D. 

      Decreased erythrocytes

  • 8. 
    What is a typical sign of dehydration?
    • A. 

      Rapid, strong pulse

    • B. 

      Low hematocrit

    • C. 

      Increased urine output

    • D. 

      Rough oral mucosa

  • 9. 
    What is the term for a combination of decreased circulating blood volume and excess fluid in a body cavity?
    • A. 

      Dehydration

    • B. 

      Third-spacing

    • C. 

      Hypovolemia

    • D. 

      Water retention

  • 10. 
    Which of the following is a characteristic of sodium ion?
    • A. 

      It is a cation

    • B. 

      It is present primarily in the intracellular fluid

    • C. 

      It shifts out of the blood by active transport

    • D. 

      Blood levels are controlled by ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

  • 11. 
    What are the common causes of hyponatremia?
    • A. 

      Loss of the thirst mechanism

    • B. 

      Excessive sweating

    • C. 

      Excessive aldosterone secretion

    • D. 

      Prolonged period of rapid, deep respirations

  • 12. 
    What do both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia cause?
    • A. 

      Skeletal muscle twitch and cramps

    • B. 

      Oliguria

    • C. 

      Elevated serum pH

    • D. 

      Cardiac arrhythmias

  • 13. 
    What does increased parathyroid hormone cause?
    • A. 

      Movement of calcium ions into the bones

    • B. 

      Increased activation of vitamin D

    • C. 

      Increased absorption of calcium from the digestive tract

    • D. 

      Decreased reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys

  • 14. 
    What does hypocalcemia lead to? 1. low serum phosphate levels 2. nausea and constipation 3. skeletal muscle twitch and spasms 4. weak cardiac contractions
    • A. 

      1, 2

    • B. 

      1, 4

    • C. 

      2, 3

    • D. 

      3, 4

  • 15. 
    What causes tetany?
    • A. 

      Increased permeability of nerve membranes

    • B. 

      Insufficient calcium in skeletal muscle

    • C. 

      Excess calcium ions inside somatic nerves

    • D. 

      Increased stimulation of the nerves in the cerebral cortex

  • 16. 
    In which of the following is phosphate ion not a major component?
    • A. 

      Bone metabolism

    • B. 

      Metabolic processes involving ATP

    • C. 

      Blood clotting

    • D. 

      Acid-base balance

  • 17. 
    Which of the following would be considered normal serum pH?
    • A. 

      4.5-8

    • B. 

      7.0

    • C. 

      7.4

    • D. 

      8

  • 18. 
    When many excess hydrogen ions accumulate in the blood, what happens to serum pH? It:
    • A. 

      Decreases

    • B. 

      Increases

    • C. 

      Remains constant

  • 19. 
    What is the slowest but most effective control for acid-base balance?
    • A. 

      Respiratory system

    • B. 

      Buffer systems in the blood

    • C. 

      Kidneys

    • D. 

      Brain

  • 20. 
    Which of the following is essential in order to maintain serum pH within normal range?
    • A. 

      Carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion must be present in equal quantities

    • B. 

      All excess carbonic acid must be excreted by the kidneys

    • C. 

      The concentration of bicarbonate must remain constant

    • D. 

      The ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate must be 1:20

  • 21. 
    Which is the correct effect on the body of abnormally slow respirations?
    • A. 

      Increased carbonic acid

    • B. 

      Decreased carbonic acid

    • C. 

      Increased bicarbonate ion

    • D. 

      Decreased bicarbonate ion

  • 22. 
    What is likely to cause metabolic acidosis?
    • A. 

      Slow, shallow respirations

    • B. 

      Prolonged diarrhea

    • C. 

      Mild vomiting

    • D. 

      Excessive fluid in the body

  • 23. 
    What would a serum pH of 7.33 in a patient with kidney disease indicate?
    • A. 

      Metabolic alkalosis

    • B. 

      Metabolic acidosis

    • C. 

      Respiratory alkalosis

    • D. 

      Respiratory acidosis

  • 24. 
    Which serum value indicates decompensated metabolic acidosis?
    • A. 

      PH is below normal range

    • B. 

      PH is above normal range

    • C. 

      Bicarbonate level decreases

    • D. 

      Bicarbonate level increases

  • 25. 
    When excessive lactic acid accumulates in the body, serum:
    • A. 

      Bicarbonate ion levels decrease

    • B. 

      Bicarbonate ion levels increase

    • C. 

      Carbonic acid levels increase

    • D. 

      PH increases

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