.
30%
45%
60%
70%
30%
20%
10%
4%
Perspiration
Feces
Perspiration and expiration
Urine and feces
Blood into the cells
Interstitial compartment into the cells
Interstitial compartment into the blood
Cells into the interstitial compartment
Increased osmotic pressure
Decreased osmotic pressure
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Decreased hydrostatic pressure
Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Increased capillary osmotic pressure
Decreased capillary permeability
Increased capillary permeability
Fluid excess
Fluid deficit
Increased sodium level
Decreased erythrocytes
Rapid, strong pulse
Low hematocrit
Increased urine output
Rough oral mucosa
Dehydration
Third-spacing
Hypovolemia
Water retention
It is a cation
It is present primarily in the intracellular fluid
It shifts out of the blood by active transport
Blood levels are controlled by ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
Loss of the thirst mechanism
Excessive sweating
Excessive aldosterone secretion
Prolonged period of rapid, deep respirations
Skeletal muscle twitch and cramps
Oliguria
Elevated serum pH
Cardiac arrhythmias
Movement of calcium ions into the bones
Increased activation of vitamin D
Increased absorption of calcium from the digestive tract
Decreased reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys
1, 2
1, 4
2, 3
3, 4
Increased permeability of nerve membranes
Insufficient calcium in skeletal muscle
Excess calcium ions inside somatic nerves
Increased stimulation of the nerves in the cerebral cortex
Bone metabolism
Metabolic processes involving ATP
Blood clotting
Acid-base balance
4.5-8
7.0
7.4
8
Decreases
Increases
Remains constant
Respiratory system
Buffer systems in the blood
Kidneys
Brain
Carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion must be present in equal quantities
All excess carbonic acid must be excreted by the kidneys
The concentration of bicarbonate must remain constant
The ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate must be 1:20
Increased carbonic acid
Decreased carbonic acid
Increased bicarbonate ion
Decreased bicarbonate ion
Slow, shallow respirations
Prolonged diarrhea
Mild vomiting
Excessive fluid in the body
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
PH is below normal range
PH is above normal range
Bicarbonate level decreases
Bicarbonate level increases
Bicarbonate ion levels decrease
Bicarbonate ion levels increase
Carbonic acid levels increase
PH increases
Wait!
Here's an interesting quiz for you.