Pathology Trivia MCQ: Quiz! Exam tests your knowledge on human body fluid dynamics, including water content, blood proportions, fluid loss, and osmotic pressure. This quiz is essential for understanding basic physiological processes and their clinical implications.
30%
20%
10%
4%
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Perspiration
Feces
Perspiration and expiration
Urine and feces
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Blood into the cells
Interstitial compartment into the cells
Interstitial compartment into the blood
Cells into the interstitial compartment
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Increased osmotic pressure
Decreased osmotic pressure
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Decreased hydrostatic pressure
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Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Increased capillary osmotic pressure
Decreased capillary permeability
Increased capillary permeability
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Fluid excess
Fluid deficit
Increased sodium level
Decreased erythrocytes
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Rapid, strong pulse
Low hematocrit
Increased urine output
Rough oral mucosa
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Dehydration
Third-spacing
Hypovolemia
Water retention
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It is a cation
It is present primarily in the intracellular fluid
It shifts out of the blood by active transport
Blood levels are controlled by ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
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Loss of the thirst mechanism
Excessive sweating
Excessive aldosterone secretion
Prolonged period of rapid, deep respirations
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Skeletal muscle twitch and cramps
Oliguria
Elevated serum pH
Cardiac arrhythmias
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Movement of calcium ions into the bones
Increased activation of vitamin D
Increased absorption of calcium from the digestive tract
Decreased reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys
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1, 2
1, 4
2, 3
3, 4
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Increased permeability of nerve membranes
Insufficient calcium in skeletal muscle
Excess calcium ions inside somatic nerves
Increased stimulation of the nerves in the cerebral cortex
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Bone metabolism
Metabolic processes involving ATP
Blood clotting
Acid-base balance
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4.5-8
7.0
7.4
8
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Decreases
Increases
Remains constant
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Respiratory system
Buffer systems in the blood
Kidneys
Brain
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Carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion must be present in equal quantities
All excess carbonic acid must be excreted by the kidneys
The concentration of bicarbonate must remain constant
The ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate must be 1:20
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Increased carbonic acid
Decreased carbonic acid
Increased bicarbonate ion
Decreased bicarbonate ion
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Slow, shallow respirations
Prolonged diarrhea
Mild vomiting
Excessive fluid in the body
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Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
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PH is below normal range
PH is above normal range
Bicarbonate level decreases
Bicarbonate level increases
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Bicarbonate ion levels decrease
Bicarbonate ion levels increase
Carbonic acid levels increase
PH increases
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CNS hyperexcitability and nervousness
Hypokalemia
CNS depression and drowsiness
Hypernatremia
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Increased ADH
Decreased aldosterone
Slow, strong heart contraction
Peripheral vasodilation
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Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
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Increased rate and depth of respiration
Decreased rate and depth of respiration
Increased urine pH and decreased serum bicarbonate
Decreased urine pH and increased serum bicarbonate
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Increased pCO
Decreased pCO2
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
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Decreased body surface area and insensible fluid loss
Limited renal compensation
Decreased proportion of fluid to body weight
Slower metabolic rate
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1, 2
2, 3
1, 4
3, 4
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Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypercalcemia
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Hypokalemia
Hypernatremia
Hyperchloremia
Hypovolemia
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1, 3, 7, 4, 2, 6
5, 2, 7, 3, 4, 1
2, 1, 5, 3, 6, 7
3, 1, 2, 5, 7, 6
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Bradycardia
Drowsiness
Seizures
Decreased urine pH
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