CRNA Pharm Sympathomimetic Short Review

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| By Alainad3

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Quizzes Created: 20 | Total Attempts: 6,258

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1/25 Questions

Remember when I talked in broad generalities about cAMP and cGMP and in general which one might be considered an up regulator and which one might be considered a down regulator. cAMP = up-regulator, cGMP down-regulator?This is my best guess. cAMP generally increases contractility and cGMP causes smooth muscle relaxation/vasodilation.
- True
- False

About This Quiz

Sympathomimetic stimulants are drugs, which mimic the effects of endogenous agonists of the nervous system. The CRNA Pharm Sympathomimetic Short Review quiz below is set to gauge your understanding on this and more. All the best.

2.

Ephedrine's direct action occurs by stimulating adrenergic receptors similar to epinephrine, indirect actions may be due to central stimulation, peripheral postsynaptic norepinephrine release, or inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Ephedrine's direct action occurs by stimulating adrenergic receptors similar to epinephrine. This means that ephedrine activates specific receptors in the body that are typically activated by epinephrine, a hormone involved in the "fight or flight" response. Indirect actions of ephedrine may be due to central stimulation, peripheral postsynaptic norepinephrine release, or inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake. In other words, ephedrine can also affect the release and reuptake of norepinephrine, another hormone involved in regulating various bodily functions.

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3.

Which of the following is decreased during a fight or flight reaction?
- Plasma glucose levels
- Cardiovascular function
- Metabolic function
- Gastrointestinal and genitourinary function
Correct Answer

A. Gastrointestinal and genitourinary function

Explanation

All others are increased.

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4.

Ephedrine is commonly given as a continuous infusion.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

Incremental doses

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1
5.

Dosing for ephedrine is 2.5-10 mg for adults and 0.1 mg/kg for children.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

According to ppt, don't know what N/P says

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6.

Regarding increased acetylcholine, the muscarinic effect on the heart is bradycardia, on the pulmonary system is bronchospasm and increased secretions, and can also cause diffuse EEG activity neurologically.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Bradycardia can progress to sinus arrest.

When reversing nondepolarizers---- goal is to maximize nicotinic transmission and minimize muscarinic side effects

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1
7.

Phenylephrine is associated with tachyphylaxis and reflex bradycardia.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Phenylephrine also causes a significant decrease in renal blood flow.

Dose:
IV bolus of 50-100 mcg (0.5-1 mcg/kg)
Continuous: 0.25-1 mcg/kg/min

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8.

According to Greg's ppt, the continuous infusion dose of epinephrine is 2-20 mcg/min.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

According to N/P
Beta stimulation @ 0.01-0.03 mcg/kg/min
Beta/A1 @ 0.03-0.15 mcg/kg/min
A1 @ 0.15-0.3 mcg/kg/min

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1
9.

Albuterol is commonly used for treatment of ________.

Correct Answer
asthma

Explanation
Albuterol is commonly used for the treatment of asthma. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. Albuterol is a bronchodilator medication that works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, allowing for easier breathing. It is often prescribed as a quick-relief medication to provide immediate relief during asthma attacks or as a preventive measure before physical activities that may trigger symptoms.

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10.

Beta1 stimulation via epinephrine increases cardiac output, contractility, and heart rate; it therefore _________ myocardial oxygen demand

Correct Answer
increases

Explanation
Stimulation of Beta1 receptors by epinephrine leads to an increase in cardiac output, contractility, and heart rate. These effects result in an increased demand for oxygen by the myocardium, as the heart needs more oxygen to meet the increased workload. Therefore, the correct answer is "increases."

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1
11.

Which of the following are NOT naturally occurring catecholamines?
- Epinephrine
- Norepinephrine
- Dopamine
- Isoproterenol
- Dobutamine
Correct Answer(s)

A. Isoproterenol
A. Dobutamine

Explanation

Isoproterenol and dobutamine are synthetic catecholamines

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12.

The activation of beta-2 receptors causes glycogenolysis, lipolysis, gluconeogenesis and ______ secretion from the pancreas.

Correct Answer(s)
insulin

Explanation
Activation of beta-2 receptors stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. It promotes the uptake of glucose by cells, inhibits glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen into glucose), and enhances the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles. Therefore, the activation of beta-2 receptors leads to an increase in insulin secretion, which helps to lower blood sugar levels and maintain glucose homeostasis in the body.

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13.

Ephedrine is a catecholamine.
- True
- False
Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

Ephedrine is not a catecholamine. It is a sympathomimetic amine that acts as a decongestant and bronchodilator. Catecholamines, on the other hand, are a class of neurotransmitters that include dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.

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2
14.

All of the following describe phosphodiasterase inhibitors except:
- Positive inotrope
- Vasoconstrictor
- Increase cAMP by preventing breakdown
- Decrease SVR
Correct Answer

A. Vasoconstrictor

Explanation

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors have vasodilatory properties.

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15.

_______ is to beta-blockade overdose as narcan is to opioid overdose. The likely mechanism of action is the increase of cAMP in the myocardium, in effect bypassing the beta-adrenergic second messenger system.

Correct Answer
Glucagon

Explanation
According to wikipedia ;)

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1
16.

What is the preferred vasopressor for obstetric cases?
- Ephedrine
- Epinephrine
- Norepinephrine
- Phenylephrine
Correct Answer

A. Ephedrine

Explanation

Does not decrease uterine blood flow.

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1
17.

The indirect affects of dopamine are due to the release of __________.

Correct Answer
Norepinephrine

Explanation
The indirect effects of dopamine are caused by the release of norepinephrine. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that is released in response to dopamine. It plays a role in various physiological processes such as regulating blood pressure, heart rate, and mood. The release of norepinephrine can have an impact on the body and brain, leading to changes in arousal, attention, and overall functioning. Therefore, the release of norepinephrine is responsible for the indirect effects of dopamine.

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18.

With patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitors, they should not receive ________ as norepinephrine is in abundance in the nerve cleft and administration can cause a hypertensive crisis

Correct Answer
ephedrine

Explanation
Patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not receive ephedrine because it can cause a hypertensive crisis. This is because ephedrine increases the levels of norepinephrine in the nerve cleft, and since norepinephrine is already in abundance in patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitors, administering ephedrine can lead to a dangerous increase in blood pressure.

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1
19.

When using epinephrine, the B2 stimulation causes vasodilation of skeletal muscle and causes _________ diastolic blood pressure.

Correct Answer
decreased

Explanation
Epinephrine is a hormone that stimulates B2 receptors, leading to vasodilation of skeletal muscles. Vasodilation refers to the widening of blood vessels, which results in decreased resistance to blood flow. As a result, the diastolic blood pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest, is decreased. Therefore, when using epinephrine, the B2 stimulation causes a decrease in diastolic blood pressure.

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1

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Mar 24, 2015

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CRNA Pharm Sympathomimetic Short Review

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Ephedrine's direct action occurs by stimulating adrenergic receptors similar to epinephrine, indirect actions may be due to central stimulation, peripheral postsynaptic norepinephrine release, or inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake

Which of the following is decreased during a fight or flight reaction?

Ephedrine is commonly given as a continuous infusion.

Dosing for ephedrine is 2.5-10 mg for adults and 0.1 mg/kg for children.

Regarding increased acetylcholine, the muscarinic effect on the heart is bradycardia, on the pulmonary system is bronchospasm and increased secretions, and can also cause diffuse EEG activity neurologically.

Phenylephrine is associated with tachyphylaxis and reflex bradycardia.

According to Greg's ppt, the continuous infusion dose of epinephrine is 2-20 mcg/min.

Albuterol is commonly used for treatment of ________.

Beta1 stimulation via epinephrine increases cardiac output, contractility, and heart rate; it therefore _________ myocardial oxygen demand

Which of the following are NOT naturally occurring catecholamines?

The activation of beta-2 receptors causes glycogenolysis, lipolysis, gluconeogenesis and ______ secretion from the pancreas.

Ephedrine is a catecholamine.

All of the following describe phosphodiasterase inhibitors except:

_______ is to beta-blockade overdose as narcan is to opioid overdose. The likely mechanism of action is the increase of cAMP in the myocardium, in effect bypassing the beta-adrenergic second messenger system.

What is the preferred vasopressor for obstetric cases?

The indirect affects of dopamine are due to the release of __________.

With patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitors, they should not receive ________ as norepinephrine is in abundance in the nerve cleft and administration can cause a hypertensive crisis

When using epinephrine, the B2 stimulation causes vasodilation of skeletal muscle and causes _________ diastolic blood pressure.