OSI Model - Srickperry

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| Written by Srickperry

Srickperry

Community Contributor

Quizzes Created: 6 | Total Attempts: 1,233

Questions: 63 | Attempts: 345 | Updated: Mar 21, 2023

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Questions and Answers

1.

Layer of the OSI model where users communicate with the computer
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
A. Application

Explanation
The application layer of the OSI model is where users communicate with the computer. This layer provides services to the user and allows them to access network resources. It is responsible for tasks such as file transfer, email, web browsing, and remote login. The application layer interacts directly with the user and provides a user-friendly interface for communication with the computer.

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2.

This layer acts as an interface between the application program and the next layer down.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
A. Application

Explanation
The application layer in the OSI model acts as an interface between the application program and the next layer down. It is responsible for providing services and protocols that enable communication between different applications or processes running on different devices. This layer is responsible for tasks such as data formatting, encryption, and compression, ensuring that the data is properly formatted and ready to be transmitted over the network. It also handles tasks such as authentication and authorization, ensuring that only authorized users or applications can access the network resources. Overall, the application layer plays a crucial role in enabling communication between different applications and ensuring the smooth flow of data across the network.

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3.

Layer responsible for identifying and establishing the availability of the intended communication partner and determining whether sufficient resources for the intended communication exist.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
A. Application

Explanation
The application layer is responsible for identifying and establishing the availability of the intended communication partner and determining whether sufficient resources for the intended communication exist. This layer is responsible for managing the communication between the end-user and the network. It provides services such as email, file transfer, and web browsing. The application layer ensures that the necessary protocols and resources are available for successful communication between the sender and the receiver.

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4.

This layer gets its name from its purpose: It presents data to the Application layer and is responsible for data translation and code formatting.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
B. Presentation

Explanation
The Presentation layer is responsible for presenting data to the Application layer. It is also responsible for data translation and code formatting. This means that it takes the data received from the lower layers and prepares it in a format that the Application layer can understand. It may also perform tasks such as encryption and compression. Overall, the Presentation layer ensures that data is properly formatted and ready for use by the Application layer.

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5.

This layer is essentially a translator and provides coding and conversion functions.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
B. Presentation

Explanation
The presentation layer is responsible for coding and converting data into a format that can be easily understood by the application layer. It takes care of tasks such as data compression, encryption, and decryption. This layer ensures that the data is presented in a standardized format that can be easily interpreted by the receiving application.

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6.

The OSI has protocol standards that define how standard data should be formatted. Tasks like data compression, decompression, encryption, and decryption are associated with this layer.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
B. Presentation

Explanation
The correct answer is Presentation. The Presentation layer of the OSI model is responsible for tasks like data compression, decompression, encryption, and decryption. It defines how standard data should be formatted, ensuring that data can be properly understood and interpreted by the receiving application.

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7.

This layer is responsible for setting up, managing, and then tearing down sessions between Presentation-layer entities.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
C. Session

Explanation
The session layer is responsible for setting up, managing, and tearing down sessions between entities in the presentation layer. This layer handles the establishment and termination of connections, as well as the synchronization and coordination of data exchange. It ensures that data is properly segmented and organized into manageable units for transmission. The session layer also manages session checkpoints and recovery in the event of failures or interruptions.

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8.

This layer also provides dialogue control between devices, or nodes.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
C. Session

Explanation
The session layer is responsible for establishing, managing, and terminating sessions between nodes. It provides dialogue control, allowing devices to communicate and coordinate with each other. This layer handles session establishment, authentication, and synchronization, ensuring that data is transmitted correctly and in the correct order. It also handles session termination, ensuring that resources are properly released. Overall, the session layer enables communication and coordination between devices or nodes in a network.

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9.

This layer coordinates communication between systems and serves to organize their communication by offering three different modes: simplex, half duplex, and full duplex.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
C. Session

Explanation
The session layer is responsible for coordinating communication between systems and organizing their communication by offering three different modes: simplex, half duplex, and full duplex. This layer establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between applications, allowing them to exchange data. It also handles session control and synchronization, ensuring that data is transmitted correctly and efficiently.

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10.

This layer basically keeps applications' data separate from other applications' data.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
C. Session

Explanation
The session layer is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating connections between applications. It ensures that data from one application is kept separate from data from other applications. This layer manages the session between the communicating parties and handles tasks such as session establishment, synchronization, and session termination. By keeping applications' data separate, the session layer ensures the privacy and integrity of the data being transmitted.

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11.

This layer segments and reassembles data into a data stream.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
D. Transport

Explanation
The Transport layer is responsible for segmenting and reassembling data into a data stream. It breaks down large chunks of data into smaller segments for efficient transmission and ensures that they are delivered in the correct order. It also provides error detection and correction mechanisms to ensure data integrity. Additionally, the Transport layer handles flow control and congestion control to prevent network congestion and ensure smooth data transmission.

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12.

This layer is responsible for providing mechanisms for multiplexing upper-layer applications, establishing sessions, and tearing down virtual circuits.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
D. Transport

Explanation
The Transport layer is responsible for providing mechanisms for multiplexing upper-layer applications, establishing sessions, and tearing down virtual circuits. This layer ensures reliable delivery of data by breaking it into smaller segments and reassembling them at the receiving end. It also handles flow control, error checking, and congestion control to ensure efficient and error-free transmission of data.

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13.

This layer hides details of any network-dependent information from the higher layers by providing transparent data transfer.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
D. Transport

Explanation
The Transport layer is responsible for providing transparent data transfer and hiding network-dependent information from the higher layers. It ensures reliable and efficient data delivery by segmenting data into smaller units and reassembling them at the receiving end. It also handles error detection and correction, flow control, and congestion control. By performing these functions, the Transport layer ensures that the higher layers can communicate without worrying about the underlying network details.

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14.

TCP and UDP work at this layer.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
D. Transport

Explanation
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) are both transport layer protocols. The transport layer is responsible for end-to-end communication between hosts on a network. TCP provides reliable, connection-oriented communication, while UDP provides unreliable, connectionless communication. Both protocols ensure that data is delivered to the correct application on the receiving end. Therefore, TCP and UDP are the correct answers for this question.

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15.

This layer can be connectionless, or it can be connection-oriented.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
D. Transport

Explanation
The transport layer is responsible for providing reliable and efficient data transfer between end systems. It can operate in either connectionless mode (UDP) or connection-oriented mode (TCP). In connectionless mode, data is sent without establishing a dedicated connection, which allows for faster transmission but may result in data loss. In connection-oriented mode, a dedicated connection is established before data transfer, ensuring reliability but with slightly slower transmission. Therefore, the transport layer can be both connectionless and connection-oriented.

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16.

It's important that you understand the connection-oriented portion of the Transport layer. Before a transmitting host starts to send segments down the model, the sender's TCP process contacts the destination's TCP process to establish a connection. What is created is known as a__________ _________.

Correct Answer
virtual circuit

Explanation
A virtual circuit is created when the sender's TCP process contacts the destination's TCP process to establish a connection. This virtual circuit allows for the reliable and ordered delivery of data between the two hosts. It is a logical connection that is established before data transmission begins and is torn down once the data transfer is complete.

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17.

______ _________ provides a means for the receiver to govern the amount of data sent by the sender. It prevents a sending host on one side of the connection from overflowing the buffers in the receiving host — an event that can result in lost data.

Correct Answer
flow control
Flow control

Explanation
Flow control is a mechanism that allows the receiver to control the amount of data sent by the sender. It prevents the sender from overwhelming the buffers in the receiver, which could lead to data loss. By regulating the flow of data, flow control ensures that the receiving host can handle the incoming data at a manageable rate, avoiding any potential data loss or buffer overflow issues.

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18.

Data integrity is ensured at this layer by maintaining flow control and by allowing users to request reliable data transport between systems.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
D. Transport

Explanation
The transport layer is responsible for ensuring data integrity by maintaining flow control and allowing users to request reliable data transport between systems. This layer handles the segmentation and reassembly of data, as well as error detection and correction. It also provides end-to-end communication between the source and destination systems, ensuring that data is delivered accurately and in the correct order.

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19.

A service is considered __________ ___________ if it has the following characteristics: A virtual circuit is set up (such as a three-way handshake). It uses sequencing. It uses acknowledgments. It uses flow control.

Correct Answer
connection oriented
connection-oriented

Explanation
A service is considered connection oriented if it has the following characteristics: a virtual circuit is set up (such as a three-way handshake), it uses sequencing, it uses acknowledgments, and it uses flow control.

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20.

The quantity of data segments (measured in bytes) that the transmitting machine is allowed to send without receiving an acknowledgment for them is called a ________.

Correct Answer
window

Explanation
The correct answer is "window". In networking, the window refers to the amount of data that a transmitting machine can send without receiving an acknowledgment from the receiving machine. It is measured in bytes and determines the flow control of data transmission. The window size can vary depending on the network conditions and the capabilities of the receiving machine.

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21.

This layer manages device addressing
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
E. Network

Explanation
The network layer is responsible for managing device addressing. This layer is responsible for routing and forwarding data packets across different networks. It ensures that data is properly addressed and delivered to the correct destination. The network layer also handles the fragmentation and reassembly of data packets to ensure efficient transmission. Overall, the network layer plays a crucial role in managing the addressing and routing of data in a network.

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22.

This layer tracks the location of devices on the network
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
E. Network

Explanation
The network layer is responsible for tracking the location of devices on the network. It determines the most efficient route for data packets to travel from the source to the destination device. This layer also handles addressing and routing of data packets, ensuring that they are delivered to the correct destination.

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23.

This layer determines the best way to move data.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
D. Transport

Explanation
The Transport layer is responsible for ensuring reliable and efficient delivery of data across a network. It determines the best way to move data by breaking it into smaller packets, adding sequence numbers for reassembly, and providing error-checking mechanisms. This layer establishes connections, manages flow control, and handles congestion control. It also provides end-to-end delivery guarantees, ensuring that data arrives intact and in the correct order.

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24.

This layer must transport traffic between devices that aren't locally attached.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
E. Network

Explanation
The correct answer is Network. The network layer is responsible for transporting traffic between devices that are not locally attached. It is responsible for routing and forwarding data packets between different networks. This layer provides logical addressing, packet segmentation, and reassembly, as well as error handling and congestion control.

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25.

Routers are specified at this layer and providing the routing services within an internetwork.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
E. Network

Explanation
At the network layer, routers are responsible for providing routing services within an internetwork. Routers determine the best path for data packets to travel from the source to the destination based on network conditions and routing protocols. They use IP addresses to identify and forward packets to their intended destinations. Routers also perform functions such as packet filtering, network address translation (NAT), and traffic shaping. Therefore, the correct answer is Network.

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26.

Protocols used to support data traffic are called _____ protocols.

Correct Answer
routed

Explanation
The term "routed" is used to describe protocols that are specifically designed to support data traffic. These protocols are responsible for determining the best path for data packets to travel from the source to the destination in a network. Routed protocols include IP (Internet Protocol) and IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), among others. These protocols ensure that data is efficiently and accurately delivered across the network.

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27.

Two examples of _____ protocols are Internet Protocol (IP) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6).

Correct Answer
routed

Explanation
The correct answer is "routed." This is because both Internet Protocol (IP) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) are examples of protocols that are used for routing data packets across networks. These protocols determine how data is sent from one device to another device over the internet.

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28.

Route-update packets update neighboring routers about the networks connected to all routers within the internetwork. Protocols that send route-update packets are called ______ protocols; some common ones are Routing Information Protocol (RIP), RIPv2, Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). Route-update packets are used to help build and maintain routing tables on each router.

Correct Answer
routing

Explanation
The correct answer is "routing" because the question is asking for the term that describes protocols that send route-update packets to update neighboring routers about connected networks within the internetwork. Routing protocols such as RIP, RIPv2, EIGRP, and OSPF are examples of protocols that perform this function. Routing is the process of determining the path that network traffic should take from its source to its destination, and routing protocols play a crucial role in this process by exchanging information about network topology and updating routing tables on routers.

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29.

Here are some points about ______ that you should commit to memory: by default, won't forward any broadcast or multicast packets. use the logical address in a Network-layer header to determine the next hop router to forward the packet to. can use access lists, created by an administrator, to control security on the types of packets that are allowed to enter or exit an interface. can provide Layer 2 bridging functions if needed and can simultaneously route through the same interface. Layer 3 devices that provide connections between virtual LANs (VLANs). can provide quality of service (QoS) for specific types of network traffic.

Correct Answer
routers

Explanation
Routers are network devices that have the ability to forward packets between different networks. They do not forward broadcast or multicast packets by default and use the logical address in the Network-layer header to determine the next hop router for packet forwarding. Routers can also use access lists to control the types of packets allowed to enter or exit an interface, providing security. Additionally, routers can perform Layer 2 bridging functions and route through the same interface simultaneously. They are also capable of providing connections between virtual LANs (VLANs) and implementing quality of service (QoS) for specific types of network traffic.

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30.

This layer provides the physical transmission of data and handles error notification, network topology, and flow control.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
F. Data Link

Explanation
The Data Link layer is responsible for the physical transmission of data and handles error notification, network topology, and flow control. It ensures that data is transmitted reliably and accurately over the physical network. It also handles error detection and correction, ensuring that data is delivered without errors. Additionally, the Data Link layer manages the network topology, determining how devices are connected and how data is routed. It also controls the flow of data, preventing congestion and ensuring efficient transmission.

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31.

This layer ensures that messages are delivered to the proper device on a LAN using hardware addresses, and translates messages from the Network layer into bits for the Physical layer to transmit.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
F. Data Link

Explanation
The Data Link layer is responsible for ensuring that messages are delivered to the proper device on a LAN using hardware addresses. It also translates messages from the Network layer into bits for the Physical layer to transmit. This layer establishes and terminates the link between two devices, performs error detection and correction, and controls the flow of data.

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32.

This layer formats the message into pieces, each called a data frame and adds a customized header containing the destination and source hardware address.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
F. Data Link

Explanation
The data link layer is responsible for formatting the message into data frames and adding a header that includes the destination and source hardware addresses. This layer ensures that the data is properly organized and ready for transmission over the network. It also handles error detection and correction to ensure reliable delivery of data.

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33.

This layer is responsible for the unique identification of each device that resides on a local network.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
F. Data Link

Explanation
The Data Link layer is responsible for the unique identification of each device that resides on a local network. It provides the necessary protocols and mechanisms for assigning unique MAC addresses to each device, allowing them to communicate with each other within the same network. The Data Link layer also handles error detection and correction, ensuring reliable transmission of data over the network.

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34.

This layer uses hardware addressing.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
F. Data Link

Explanation
The Data Link layer uses hardware addressing to identify devices on a local network. This layer is responsible for the physical transmission of data between devices and ensures that data is delivered error-free. It also handles the framing of data into packets and the detection and correction of errors. By using hardware addresses, devices can communicate directly with each other on the same network without the need for IP addresses or higher-level protocols.

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35.

This layer has two sub-layers.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
F. Data Link

Explanation
The Data Link layer is the correct answer because it is the layer in the OSI model that has two sub-layers: the Logical Link Control (LLC) sub-layer and the Media Access Control (MAC) sub-layer. The LLC sub-layer is responsible for error checking and flow control, while the MAC sub-layer is responsible for addressing and accessing the media.

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36.

This sub-layer defines how packets are placed on the media. Contention media access is "first come/first served" access where everyone shares the same bandwidth — hence the name. Physical addressing is defined here, as well as logical topologies. What's a logical topology? It's the signal path through a physical topology. Line discipline, error notification (not correction), ordered delivery of frames, and optional flow control can also be used at this sublayer.
- A.
  
  Media Access Control (MAC)
- B.
  
  Logical Link Control (LLC)
Correct Answer
A. Media Access Control (MAC)

Explanation
The sub-layer described in the given explanation is the Media Access Control (MAC) sub-layer. This sub-layer is responsible for placing packets on the media using contention media access, where devices share the same bandwidth. It also defines physical addressing and logical topologies, which represent the signal path through a physical topology. Additionally, the MAC sub-layer can handle line discipline, error notification, ordered delivery of frames, and optional flow control.

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37.

This sub-layer is responsible for identifying Network-layer protocols and then encapsulating them.
- A.
  
  Media Access Control (MAC)
- B.
  
  Logical Link Control (LLC)
Correct Answer
B. Logical Link Control (LLC)

Explanation
The Logical Link Control (LLC) sub-layer is responsible for identifying Network-layer protocols and encapsulating them. It provides a common interface for the Network-layer protocols to access the data link layer services. The LLC sub-layer also handles flow control and error control mechanisms.

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38.

This sub-layer's header tells the Data Link layer what to do with a packet once a frame is received.
- A.
  
  Media Access Control (MAC)
- B.
  
  Logical Link Control (LLC)
Correct Answer
B. Logical Link Control (LLC)

Explanation
The correct answer is Logical Link Control (LLC). The LLC sub-layer's header provides information to the Data Link layer about how to handle a packet once a frame is received. It is responsible for managing the flow of data between the Data Link layer and the network layer, ensuring reliable transmission and error control. The MAC sub-layer, on the other hand, is responsible for controlling access to the physical medium and addressing within a local area network.

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39.

This sub-layer can also provide flow control and sequencing of control bits.
- A.
  
  Media Access Control (MAC)
- B.
  
  Logical Link Control (LLC)
Correct Answer
B. Logical Link Control (LLC)

Explanation
The correct answer is Logical Link Control (LLC). The LLC sub-layer is responsible for providing flow control and sequencing of control bits. It is part of the Data Link Layer in the OSI model and works in conjunction with the MAC sub-layer. The LLC sub-layer ensures reliable data transmission by managing the flow of data between the sender and receiver, controlling the order of data frames, and handling error detection and correction.

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40.

This layer sends and receives bits.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
G. Physical

Explanation
The physical layer is responsible for sending and receiving bits. It deals with the actual transmission of data over the physical medium, such as cables or wireless signals. This layer handles tasks such as encoding, modulation, and error detection. It ensures that the bits are transmitted reliably from one device to another.

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41.

This layer communicates directly with the various types of actual communication media.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
G. Physical

Explanation
The physical layer is responsible for the transmission and reception of raw bit streams over a physical medium. It deals with the physical connection between devices and the actual transmission of data. This layer handles the electrical, mechanical, and timing aspects of the communication, ensuring that the data is sent and received accurately and reliably.

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42.

This layer specifies the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional requirements for activating, maintaining, and deactivating a physical link between end systems.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
G. Physical

Explanation
The physical layer of a network specifies the requirements for establishing, maintaining, and terminating a physical connection between end systems. It deals with the electrical and mechanical aspects of the connection, such as the type of cables or wireless signals used, the voltage levels, and the physical connectors. It also defines the procedures for activating and deactivating the link. Essentially, the physical layer is responsible for transmitting raw bits over a physical medium.

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43.

This layer identifies the interface between the data terminal equipment (DTE) and the data communication equipment (DCE).
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
G. Physical

Explanation
The Physical layer is responsible for identifying the interface between the DTE and DCE. It is the lowest layer of the OSI model and deals with the physical transmission of data. This layer defines the electrical, mechanical, and procedural characteristics for transmission of the data, such as connectors, cables, and signaling. It ensures that the bits are transmitted and received correctly over the physical medium.

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44.

This layer specifies the layout of the transmission media.
- A.
  
  Application
- B.
  
  Presentation
- C.
  
  Session
- D.
  
  Transport
- E.
  
  Network
- F.
  
  Data Link
- G.
  
  Physical
Correct Answer
G. Physical

Explanation
The physical layer is responsible for specifying the layout of the transmission media. It deals with the physical aspects of transmitting data, such as the type of cables used, the connectors, and the electrical signals. This layer ensures that the data is transmitted reliably and accurately over the transmission media.

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45.

When a host transmits data across a network to another device, the data goes through _________: It's wrapped with protocol information at each layer of the OSI model. Each layer communicates only with its peer layer on the receiving device.

Correct Answer
encapsulation

Explanation
When data is transmitted across a network, it goes through encapsulation. This means that the data is wrapped with protocol information at each layer of the OSI model. Each layer of the model communicates only with its peer layer on the receiving device. Encapsulation helps to ensure that the data is properly formatted and organized for transmission and reception.

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4
46.

To communicate and exchange information, each layer uses _________ ______ ______. These hold the control information attached to the data at each layer of the model. They're usually attached to the header in front of the data field but can also be in the trailer, or end, of it.

Correct Answer
protocol data units
Protocol Data Units
Protocol Data units

Explanation
(PDUs)

At a transmitting device, the data-encapsulation method works like this:

* User information is converted to data for transmission on the network.
* Data is converted to segments, and a reliable connection is set up between the transmitting and receiving hosts.
* Segments are converted to packets or datagrams, and a logical address is placed in the header so each packet can be routed through an internetwork.
* Packets or datagrams are converted to frames for transmission on the local network. Hardware (Ethernet) addresses are used to uniquely identify hosts on a local network segment.
* Frames are converted to bits, and a digital encoding and clocking scheme is used.

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4
47.

Application Layer
- A.
  
  User interface
- B.
  
  Data formatting
- C.
  
  Establish & maintain connection
- D.
  
  TCP - Accurate data
- E.
  
  IP - Routers
- F.
  
  MAC - Switches
- G.
  
  Signals - Cables
Correct Answer
A. User interface

Explanation
The application layer is responsible for providing the user interface in a network. It allows users to interact with the network and access various services and applications. This layer is responsible for data formatting, ensuring that data is properly formatted and presented to the user. It also establishes and maintains connections between different network entities, allowing for communication between them. The other options mentioned, such as TCP, IP, MAC, and signals, are all lower-level protocols and technologies that are used to facilitate the transmission and routing of data in the network.

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48.

Presentation Layer
- A.
  
  User interface
- B.
  
  Data formatting
- C.
  
  Establish & maintain connection
- D.
  
  TCP - Accurate data
- E.
  
  IP - Routers
- F.
  
  MAC - Switches
- G.
  
  Signals - Cables
Correct Answer
B. Data formatting

Explanation
The correct answer is "Data formatting". In the presentation layer of the OSI model, data formatting is responsible for converting the data from the sender's format to a format that can be understood by the receiver. This includes tasks such as encryption, compression, and data conversion. The presentation layer ensures that the data is properly formatted and can be interpreted correctly by the receiving application.

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49.

Session Layer
- A.
  
  User interface
- B.
  
  Data formatting
- C.
  
  Establish & maintain connection
- D.
  
  TCP - Accurate data
- E.
  
  IP - Rounters
- F.
  
  MAC - Switches
- G.
  
  Signals - Cables
Correct Answer
C. Establish & maintain connection

Explanation
The correct answer is "Establish & maintain connection." The session layer is responsible for setting up, managing, and terminating connections between applications. It ensures that both ends of the communication have established a session and that the session remains active throughout the transmission. This layer handles tasks such as session establishment, authentication, and synchronization. It also manages session checkpoints and recovery in case of failures. By maintaining the connection, the session layer ensures reliable and uninterrupted communication between the sender and receiver.

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50.

Transport Layer
- A.
  
  User interface
- B.
  
  Data formatting
- C.
  
  Establish & maintain connection
- D.
  
  TCP - Accurate data
- E.
  
  IP - Routers
- F.
  
  MAC - Switches
- G.
  
  Signals - Cables
Correct Answer
D. TCP - Accurate data

Explanation
The correct answer is TCP - Accurate data. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a transport layer protocol that ensures the reliable and accurate delivery of data packets over a network. It provides error checking, flow control, and congestion control mechanisms to ensure that data is transmitted accurately and in the correct order. TCP guarantees that data is received without errors and can retransmit any lost or corrupted packets. This makes TCP suitable for applications that require accurate and reliable data transmission, such as file transfers, web browsing, and email.

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OSI Model - Srickperry

Layer of the OSI model where users communicate with the computer

This layer acts as an interface between the application program and the next layer down.

Layer responsible for identifying and establishing the availability of the intended communication partner and determining whether sufficient resources for the intended communication exist.

This layer gets its name from its purpose: It presents data to the Application layer and is responsible for data translation and code formatting.

This layer is essentially a translator and provides coding and conversion functions.

The OSI has protocol standards that define how standard data should be formatted. Tasks like data compression, decompression, encryption, and decryption are associated with this layer.

This layer is responsible for setting up, managing, and then tearing down sessions between Presentation-layer entities.

This layer also provides dialogue control between devices, or nodes.

This layer coordinates communication between systems and serves to organize their communication by offering three different modes: simplex, half duplex, and full duplex.

This layer basically keeps applications' data separate from other applications' data.

This layer segments and reassembles data into a data stream.

This layer is responsible for providing mechanisms for multiplexing upper-layer applications, establishing sessions, and tearing down virtual circuits.

This layer hides details of any network-dependent information from the higher layers by providing transparent data transfer.

TCP and UDP work at this layer.

This layer can be connectionless, or it can be connection-oriented.

It's important that you understand the connection-oriented portion of the Transport layer. Before a transmitting host starts to send segments down the model, the sender's TCP process contacts the destination's TCP process to establish a connection. What is created is known as a__________ _________.

______ _________ provides a means for the receiver to govern the amount of data sent by the sender. It prevents a sending host on one side of the connection from overflowing the buffers in the receiving host — an event that can result in lost data.

Data integrity is ensured at this layer by maintaining flow control and by allowing users to request reliable data transport between systems.

A service is considered __________ ___________ if it has the following characteristics: A virtual circuit is set up (such as a three-way handshake). It uses sequencing. It uses acknowledgments. It uses flow control.

The quantity of data segments (measured in bytes) that the transmitting machine is allowed to send without receiving an acknowledgment for them is called a ________.

This layer manages device addressing

This layer tracks the location of devices on the network

This layer determines the best way to move data.

This layer must transport traffic between devices that aren't locally attached.

Routers are specified at this layer and providing the routing services within an internetwork.

Protocols used to support data traffic are called _____ protocols.

Two examples of _____ protocols are Internet Protocol (IP) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6).

This layer provides the physical transmission of data and handles error notification, network topology, and flow control.

This layer ensures that messages are delivered to the proper device on a LAN using hardware addresses, and translates messages from the Network layer into bits for the Physical layer to transmit.

This layer formats the message into pieces, each called a data frame and adds a customized header containing the destination and source hardware address.

This layer is responsible for the unique identification of each device that resides on a local network.

This layer uses hardware addressing.

This layer has two sub-layers.

This sub-layer is responsible for identifying Network-layer protocols and then encapsulating them.

This sub-layer's header tells the Data Link layer what to do with a packet once a frame is received.

This sub-layer can also provide flow control and sequencing of control bits.

This layer sends and receives bits.

This layer communicates directly with the various types of actual communication media.

This layer specifies the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional requirements for activating, maintaining, and deactivating a physical link between end systems.

This layer identifies the interface between the data terminal equipment (DTE) and the data communication equipment (DCE).

This layer specifies the layout of the transmission media.

When a host transmits data across a network to another device, the data goes through _________: It's wrapped with protocol information at each layer of the OSI model. Each layer communicates only with its peer layer on the receiving device.

To communicate and exchange information, each layer uses _________ ______ ______. These hold the control information attached to the data at each layer of the model. They're usually attached to the header in front of the data field but can also be in the trailer, or end, of it.

Application Layer

Presentation Layer

Session Layer

Transport Layer

It's important that you understand the connection-oriented portion of the Transport layer. Before a transmitting host starts to send segments down the model, the sender's TCP process contacts the destination's TCP process to establish a connection. What is created is known as a__ _.

___ provides a means for the receiver to govern the amount of data sent by the sender. It prevents a sending host on one side of the connection from overflowing the buffers in the receiving host — an event that can result in lost data.

A service is considered _ if it has the following characteristics: A virtual circuit is set up (such as a three-way handshake). It uses sequencing. It uses acknowledgments. It uses flow control.

To communicate and exchange information, each layer uses _ . These hold the control information attached to the data at each layer of the model. They're usually attached to the header in front of the data field but can also be in the trailer, or end, of it.