Physical Science Term 1 Review

When work is done on an object, it is equal to the force applied multiplied by the distance the object moves. In this case, 10 Joules of work is done with a force of 5 Newtons. To find the distance, we can rearrange the formula: work = force × distance. Plugging in the values, we have 10 = 5 × distance. Solving for distance gives us 2 meters. Therefore, the object moved a distance of 2 meters.

The animation is showing a wave that is propagating by compressing and expanding the medium it is traveling through. This is characteristic of a longitudinal wave, where the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave propagation.

Light waves are the only waves that do not require a medium to travel through. Unlike sound waves, which require a medium such as air, water waves that require a medium such as water, and compressional waves that also need a medium to propagate, light waves can travel through empty space. This is because light is an electromagnetic wave that can travel through a vacuum, making it unique among all other types of waves.

The image shown in the question is an example of refraction. Refraction occurs when light passes through a medium and changes direction due to the change in its speed. In the image, it is likely that the light is passing through a medium with varying refractive index, causing the light rays to bend as they pass from one medium to another. This bending of light is characteristic of refraction.

The wave speed equation v = frequency x wavelength relates the velocity of a wave to its frequency and wavelength. In this case, the velocity of the wave is given as 400 m/s and the wavelength is given as 2m. To find the frequency, we can rearrange the equation to solve for frequency: frequency = velocity / wavelength. Substituting the given values, we get frequency = 400 m/s / 2m = 200 Hz. Therefore, the correct answer is 200 Hz.

Adding energy to a wave increases its frequency. Frequency refers to the number of complete cycles of the wave that occur in a given time period. When energy is added to a wave, the particles or oscillations of the wave vibrate faster, resulting in an increase in the number of cycles per second. Therefore, the frequency of the wave increases as more energy is added.

Gamma rays have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies among the given options. Gamma rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation that have extremely high energy. They are produced by nuclear reactions and radioactive decay. Due to their high energy, gamma rays have very short wavelengths and high frequencies, making them the most powerful and penetrating type of electromagnetic waves. They are commonly used in medical imaging, radiation therapy, and industrial applications.

Visible light refers to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. It consists of a range of wavelengths that appear as different colors, from red to violet. Unlike infrared rays, microwaves, and x-rays, which are also electromagnetic waves, visible light falls within a specific wavelength range that allows it to be detected by the human visual system. Therefore, visible light is the correct answer to the question.

The color of visible light is determined by its frequency. Frequency refers to the number of wave cycles that pass a given point in a second. Different frequencies of light waves correspond to different colors. Higher frequencies are associated with colors like violet and blue, while lower frequencies are associated with colors like red and orange. Therefore, the frequency of light waves determines the color that we perceive.

The image represents diffraction. Diffraction is the bending or spreading of waves as they pass through an opening or around an obstacle. In the image, we can see a pattern of waves spreading outwards from a central point, indicating the phenomenon of diffraction. This is different from reflection, which involves the bouncing back of waves from a surface, refraction, which involves the bending of waves as they pass through different mediums, and visible light, which refers to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye.

Power is a measure of the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. It is calculated by dividing the amount of work done or energy transferred by the time taken. The unit for power is Watts, which is equivalent to one joule per second. Watts is the correct answer because it is the standard unit used to measure power in the International System of Units (SI). Hertz is the unit for frequency, Pascals is the unit for pressure, and Decibels is the unit for sound intensity.

Balanced forces are forces that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, resulting in no net force acting on an object. These forces do not cause changes in motion because they cancel each other out, keeping the object in a state of equilibrium. In other words, the object will remain at rest if it was initially at rest, or it will continue moving at a constant velocity if it was already in motion. Therefore, balanced forces do not cause any acceleration or changes in the object's motion.

If an object is moving at a constant velocity, it means that there is no net force acting on it. This implies that the forces on the object are balanced, meaning that the forces in one direction are equal and opposite to the forces in the opposite direction. Therefore, the correct answer is "Balanced".

At a speed of 10 km/hr, it would take 5 hours to travel 50 km. This can be calculated by dividing the distance (50 km) by the speed (10 km/hr), which equals 5 hours.

Thermal energy refers to the internal energy of an object or a substance due to the motion of its particles. It is related to the temperature of the object and is commonly referred to as heat energy. Heat energy is transferred from a higher temperature object to a lower temperature object, resulting in the transfer of thermal energy. This transfer can occur through conduction, convection, or radiation. Therefore, heat energy is the correct answer in this case.

The work done can be calculated using the formula W = F * d, where W is the work done, F is the force applied, and d is the distance moved. In this case, the force applied is 5 N and the distance moved is 25 meters. Plugging these values into the formula, we get W = 5 N * 25 m = 125 Joules.

Kinetic energy is defined as the energy that an object possesses due to its motion. It is directly proportional to the mass of the object and the square of its velocity. When an object is in motion, it possesses kinetic energy because it has the ability to do work or cause a change in its surroundings. The faster the object moves or the heavier it is, the greater its kinetic energy will be. Therefore, the correct answer is "the energy an object has due to its motion."

When multiple forces act on an object, they can either cancel each other out or combine to create a net force. The net force is the overall force acting on the object, taking into account both the direction and magnitude of each individual force. It determines the object's acceleration according to Newton's second law of motion (F = ma), where F represents the net force and a represents the acceleration. Therefore, the correct answer is "Net Force."

Radio waves have the longest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum. This is because they have the lowest frequency and energy compared to UV waves and visible light. Radio waves are used for long-distance communication and have wavelengths ranging from a few millimeters to hundreds of kilometers. They are able to travel long distances and penetrate obstacles, making them ideal for broadcasting and communication purposes.

Sound is not a type of electromagnetic wave. While the other options listed (red light, gamma rays, radio waves, and microwaves) are all forms of electromagnetic radiation, sound is a mechanical wave that requires a medium (such as air, water, or solids) to travel through. Unlike electromagnetic waves, sound waves cannot propagate through a vacuum.

m/s is a unit of speed because it represents the distance traveled in meters divided by the time taken in seconds. This unit is commonly used in scientific and everyday contexts to measure the rate at which an object or person is moving. It indicates the number of meters covered in one second, providing a standard measurement for comparing speeds.

Force is measured in Newton.

When the arrow is drawn back and 50 Joules of potential energy is stored in the stretched bow and string, this potential energy is converted into kinetic energy when the arrow is released. According to the law of conservation of energy, the total energy remains constant. Therefore, the arrow will have the same amount of kinetic energy as the potential energy stored, which is 50 Joules.

Microwaves have longer wavelengths than visible light. The electromagnetic spectrum is a range of wavelengths and frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, including microwaves and visible light. Visible light has wavelengths between approximately 400 to 700 nanometers, while microwaves have wavelengths ranging from about 1 millimeter to 1 meter. This means that microwaves have longer wavelengths than visible light.

Force is the correct answer because a push or a pull on matter is defined as a force. Force is a vector quantity that can cause an object to accelerate, decelerate, or change direction. It is measured in units of Newtons (N) and can be exerted by both living organisms and inanimate objects. In the context of physics, force is a fundamental concept that plays a crucial role in understanding the motion and interactions of objects in the universe.

A car driving down a hill would have the greatest kinetic energy because it has the most mass and can reach higher speeds compared to a person running or a ball rolling down a hill. Kinetic energy is directly proportional to an object's mass and the square of its velocity, so a car with its larger mass and potentially higher velocity would possess the greatest kinetic energy.

The distance between A and F is referred to as wavelength. Wavelength is a term used in physics to describe the distance between two consecutive points in a wave that are in phase with each other. It is commonly represented by the symbol λ (lambda) and is measured in meters. In this context, A and F are likely to be points on a wave, and the distance between them is the wavelength of that wave.

Newton's 2nd Law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass. This means that the greater the force applied to an object, the greater its acceleration will be, and the greater the mass of an object, the smaller its acceleration will be. Therefore, Newton's 2nd Law is about the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration.

The speedometer of a car reads instantaneous speed. This means that it shows the speed of the car at any given moment. It provides real-time information about how fast the car is currently moving. In contrast, average speed is calculated by dividing the total distance traveled by the total time taken. The speedometer cannot provide information about average speed as it only shows the speed at a particular instant.

Work is a form of energy, and in fact it has units of energy.

The force pushing the bicycle and rider can be determined using Newton's second law, which states that force is equal to mass multiplied by acceleration. In this case, the mass is given as 80kg and the acceleration is 1.5m/s2. Therefore, the force pushing the bicycle and rider is 80kg × 1.5m/s2 = 120N.

If an object has kinetic energy, it means that it is in motion. Speed/velocity is a measure of how fast an object is moving, so if an object has kinetic energy, it must also have speed/velocity. Impulse, acceleration, and force are not directly related to an object having kinetic energy.

Speed is a scalar quantity that describes how fast something is going, while velocity is a vector quantity that describes both the speed and direction of motion. In other words, speed only considers the magnitude of the motion, whereas velocity takes into account both magnitude and direction.

Friction is the correct answer because it is a force that acts in opposition to motion. When two surfaces come into contact, friction occurs, causing resistance to the motion. Friction can be observed in various situations, such as when walking on a rough surface or rubbing hands together. It is an essential force in everyday life, as it helps to prevent objects from sliding or slipping easily.

The correct answer is "transverse". This type of wave is characterized by the oscillation of particles perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. In a transverse wave, the particles move in a back-and-forth or up-and-down motion. The given answer options all indicate the correct spelling of "transverse", with variations in capitalization and a misspelling.

The independent variable in this scenario is the amount of icing. This is because it is the factor that is being manipulated or changed in order to observe its effect on the dependent variable, which in this case is the rate of mold growth on the cake. By adding more icing, the experiment aims to determine whether there is a correlation between the amount of icing and the speed at which mold develops on the cake.

In this scenario, the correct answer is "work, power". Work refers to the amount of energy transferred or expended in completing a task, and in both cases, the jobs require the same amount of work. However, power is the rate at which work is done or the amount of work done per unit of time. Since one job is done slowly and the other quickly, it implies that the quick job requires more power to complete the same amount of work in a shorter time.

Unbalanced force is the correct answer because it refers to a force that causes a change in motion. When there is an unbalanced force acting on an object, it will accelerate or decelerate, causing a change in its velocity. This force can be in any direction and its magnitude is greater than the opposing forces, resulting in a net force and a change in motion.

When an object is dropped from a height, it accelerates due to gravity. The acceleration due to gravity is approximately 9.8 m/s². Since the stone was dropped from rest, its initial velocity is zero. Using the equation v = u + at, where v is the final velocity, u is the initial velocity, a is the acceleration, and t is the time, we can find the final velocity of the stone. Plugging in the values, we get v = 0 + (9.8 m/s²)(3 s) = 29.4 m/s. Therefore, the stone is traveling at approximately 29.4 m/s when it strikes the water.

If a person walked at a speed of 2 m/s for 12 seconds, the distance traveled can be calculated by multiplying the speed by the time. Therefore, 2 m/s multiplied by 12 seconds equals 24 meters.

This is the definition of potential energy.

If the sum of all forces acting on a moving object is zero, it means that the forces are balanced. In this case, there is no net force acting on the object to change its motion. Therefore, the object will continue to move with a constant speed.

The average speed is calculated by dividing the total distance covered by the time taken. In this case, the total distance covered is 750 m and the time interval is 25 s. Dividing 750 m by 25 s gives us an average speed of 30 m/s.

Mass is the measure of the amount of matter in an object. It is a fundamental property of an object and is independent of its location. Mass can be measured using a balance or a scale, and it is usually expressed in units such as grams or kilograms. Volume, temperature, and weight are not direct measurements of the amount of matter in an object.

The dependent variable in this question is "how long it floats." This means that the duration for which the boat remains afloat is the factor being measured and observed. By increasing the height of the walls of the boat, the question aims to investigate if there is a correlation between wall height and the duration of floating.

The correct answer is "the gravitational force which Earth exerts on you." This is because weight is a measure of the force of gravity acting on an object. It is dependent on the mass of the object and the acceleration due to gravity. In this case, the weight is defined as the force exerted by the Earth on the person, causing them to experience a downward force.

The 60 kg student is most likely to win because he experiences greater frictional force with the floor. Frictional force depends on the normal force and the coefficient of friction. The normal force is equal to the weight of an object, which is the product of mass and acceleration due to gravity. Since both students are on the same smooth gym floor, the acceleration due to gravity is the same for both. However, the 60 kg student has a smaller mass, resulting in a smaller normal force and therefore a smaller frictional force. This allows the 60 kg student to have a greater advantage in pulling the other student.

The kinetic energy of an object is given by the formula KE = 0.5 * mass * velocity^2. In this case, the man has a mass of 100 kg and is walking at a velocity of 1 m/s. Plugging these values into the formula, we get KE = 0.5 * 100 * 1^2 = 50 Joules. Therefore, the man has 50 Joules of kinetic energy.

The force of gravity on Earth is 10 newtons for every kilogram of mass. Weight on Earth = mass (kg) x 9.8.
9.8 x 70 = 686N.

When a passenger is brought to a stop by a seatbelt, the force exerted by the seatbelt can be calculated using Newton's second law, which states that force is equal to mass multiplied by acceleration. In this case, the passenger's mass is given as 60kg. The acceleration can be calculated using the formula acceleration = (final velocity - initial velocity) / time. The initial velocity is given as 12m/s and the time is given as 2s. Substituting these values into the formula, we get acceleration = (0 - 12) / 2 = -6m/s^2. Since the passenger is being brought to a stop, the acceleration is negative. Finally, we can calculate the force using the formula force = mass * acceleration. Substituting the values, we get force = 60kg * (-6m/s^2) = -360N. The negative sign indicates that the force is acting in the opposite direction to the motion. However, since the question asks for the magnitude of the force, the answer is 360N.