Clinical Anatomy: Quiz 2.1
Acetabulum & femoral angulations
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What is the function of the acetabular labrum?
- 2.
What causes the Pincer impingement?
- 3.
What causes the CAM impingement?
- 4.
Please give 2 examples of how femoral anteversion could present with clincal manifestations.
- 5.
Please provide 2 clinical manifestations of femoral retroversion.
- 6.
What are the osseous components of the hip? (alphabetical order)
Explanation
The osseous components of the hip include the acetabulum, which is the socket-like structure in the pelvis that forms the hip joint, the femur, which is the thigh bone that connects to the acetabulum, the ilium, which is the largest bone in the pelvis, the ischium, which is the bone that forms the lower and back part of the hip bone, and the pubis, which is the bone that forms the front part of the hip bone. These components work together to provide stability and mobility to the hip joint.Rate this question:
- 7.
The ischium, ilium, and pubis together form what is called the:
Explanation
The ischium, ilium, and pubis are three bones that come together to form the os coxae, which is also known as the hip bone. These three bones are located in the pelvic region and are connected to the sacrum at the back and to each other at the front. The os coxae provides support and stability to the body, and it also serves as an attachment point for various muscles and ligaments.Rate this question:
- 8.
The cuplike, concave structure that is formed by all 3 bones of the os coxae is known as the:
Explanation
The cuplike, concave structure formed by all three bones of the os coxae is called the acetabulum. This structure is located in the pelvis and serves as the socket for the head of the femur, forming the hip joint. The acetabulum is an important anatomical feature that allows for stability and movement of the hip joint, enabling activities such as walking, running, and jumping.Rate this question:
- 9.
The acetabulum forms a sphere.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
It forms a hemisphere - not a complete cup; it doesn't close at the endRate this question:
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- 10.
The peripheral ring of fibrocartilage that completely encircles the acetabulum is called the
Correct Answer
acetabular labrumExplanation
The peripheral ring of fibrocartilage that completely encircles the acetabulum is known as the acetabular labrum. The labrum acts as a cushion and helps to stabilize the hip joint. It increases the depth of the acetabulum, providing a better fit for the femoral head and improving joint stability. The labrum also helps to distribute the load evenly across the joint surface and enhances joint lubrication.Rate this question:
- 11.
The hip joint is extremely stable and hard to dislocate.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
It would take a lot of force to dislocate the hip; if it was easy, there is probably a defect (i.e. hip dysplasia)Rate this question:
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- 12.
The acetabulum is positioned facing:
- A.
Lateral
- B.
Inferior
- C.
Anterior
- D.
Medial
- E.
Superior
- F.
Posterior
Correct Answer(s)
A. Lateral
B. Inferior
C. AnteriorExplanation
The acetabulum is a part of the hip bone and is positioned facing laterally, inferiorly, and anteriorly. It is not positioned medially, superiorly, or posteriorly.Rate this question:
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- 13.
What part of the acetabulum sustains the most force?
Correct Answer(s)
upper portion
upper part
overhangExplanation
The upper portion, upper part, and overhang of the acetabulum sustain the most force. These areas are responsible for bearing the weight and forces exerted on the hip joint during activities such as walking, running, and jumping. The upper portion of the acetabulum is particularly important as it is the main weight-bearing region and is designed to withstand the highest forces. The overhang also plays a crucial role in providing stability and preventing dislocation of the hip joint.Rate this question:
- 14.
_________ is thickest superiorly for both the femoral head and acetabulum.
Correct Answer(s)
articular cartilageExplanation
The articular cartilage is the correct answer because it is the thickest superiorly for both the femoral head and acetabulum. This means that the cartilage is thicker at the top part of the joint surface, providing extra cushioning and support to the joint during movement. This thickness helps to distribute the load evenly and reduce friction between the bones, allowing for smooth and pain-free movement in the hip joint.Rate this question:
- 15.
The part of the femoral head that is not covered in articular cartilage is called:
Correct Answer(s)
foveaExplanation
The part of the femoral head that is not covered in articular cartilage is called the fovea. The fovea is a small pit located on the surface of the femoral head, and it serves as the attachment site for the ligament of the head of the femur. This ligament helps to stabilize the hip joint. While the rest of the femoral head is covered in articular cartilage, the fovea is an exception and lacks this protective covering.Rate this question:
- 16.
The entire head of the femur is covered by articular cartilage.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
All except for the fovea!Rate this question:
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- 17.
What ligament connects to the fovea?
Correct Answer
ligamentum teresExplanation
The ligamentum teres connects to the fovea.Rate this question:
- 18.
What artery supplies the head of the femur by way of the ligamentum teres?
Correct Answer
a branch of the obturator artery
branch of the obturator artery
a branch of the obturator
branch of the obturatorExplanation
The artery that supplies the head of the femur by way of the ligamentum teres is a branch of the obturator artery. The obturator artery is a major branch of the internal iliac artery and provides blood supply to the muscles and structures of the medial thigh. The branch of the obturator artery that supplies the head of the femur through the ligamentum teres ensures adequate blood flow to this area, which is important for maintaining the health and function of the hip joint.Rate this question:
- 19.
Name 2 hip labral impingements.
Correct Answer
pincer and CAM
CAM and pincerExplanation
The two types of hip labral impingements are pincer and CAM. Pincer impingement occurs when there is excessive coverage of the acetabulum, causing the labrum to be pinched between the femoral head and the acetabulum. CAM impingement, on the other hand, is characterized by abnormalities in the shape of the femoral head, leading to a mismatch with the acetabulum and resulting in labral impingement. Both pincer and CAM impingements can cause pain and limited hip mobility.Rate this question:
- 20.
What is the biggest differences between a Pincer and CAM impingement
Correct Answer
what causes them
the causeExplanation
The question is asking about the biggest difference between a Pincer and CAM impingement, as well as the cause of these conditions. The answer states "what causes them, the cause." This suggests that the cause of both Pincer and CAM impingement is the biggest difference between them. However, without further context or information, it is difficult to provide a more specific explanation.Rate this question:
- 21.
As a result of developmental changes that occur both in utero as well as after birth, there are 2 angulation that affect the hip joint and the distribution of joint forces. These are:
Correct Answer
angle of inclination and angle of torsion
angle of torsion and angle of inclinationExplanation
The correct answer is angle of inclination and angle of torsion. These two angulations play a significant role in the hip joint and the distribution of joint forces. The angle of inclination refers to the angle formed between the shaft of the femur and the femoral neck, while the angle of torsion refers to the angle formed between the femoral neck and the femoral condyles. These angles determine the alignment and stability of the hip joint, as well as the transmission of forces during weight-bearing activities.Rate this question:
- 22.
The angle of torsion is in the ______ plane.
Correct Answer
transverseExplanation
The angle of torsion is in the transverse plane. This means that the rotation or twisting motion occurs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the object. In other words, when an object is subjected to torsional forces, it twists along a horizontal axis. The transverse plane is commonly associated with rotational movements, such as twisting or turning.Rate this question:
- 23.
The angle of impingement is in the _______ plane.
Correct Answer
frontalExplanation
The angle of impingement refers to the angle at which something strikes or hits a surface. In this context, the question is asking about the plane in which this angle occurs. The correct answer, "frontal," suggests that the angle of impingement occurs in the frontal plane. The frontal plane is one of the three anatomical planes that divides the body into front and back halves. Therefore, the angle of impingement is occurring in the front-to-back direction.Rate this question:
- 24.
The angle of inclination ________ over time.
- A.
Increases
- B.
Decreases
Correct Answer
B. DecreasesExplanation
infants ~150°, adults ~125°, elderly ~120°Rate this question:
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- 25.
The angle of inclination does not vary among individuals or sexes.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
It varies between both. Females can have a smaller angle due to a greater pelvic width.Rate this question:
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- 26.
A pathologic decrease in the angle of inclination is called
Correct Answer
coxa varaExplanation
Coxa vara is a medical condition characterized by a decrease in the angle of inclination of the hip joint. This means that the femur bone is angled more vertically than it should be, causing the leg to appear shorter. This condition can be caused by various factors such as injury, congenital abnormalities, or certain medical conditions. Coxa vara can lead to problems with walking, hip pain, and an increased risk of fractures. Treatment options for coxa vara may include physical therapy, braces, or in severe cases, surgery.Rate this question:
- 27.
A pathologic increase in the angle of inclination is called
Correct Answer
coxa valgaExplanation
Coxa valga refers to a pathological increase in the angle of inclination of the femoral neck in relation to the femoral shaft. This condition is characterized by an angle greater than the normal range, which can lead to abnormal stress and biomechanics in the hip joint. It can be caused by various factors such as developmental abnormalities, skeletal dysplasias, or acquired conditions. Coxa valga can result in altered gait, hip instability, and increased risk of hip dislocation. Treatment options may include physical therapy, bracing, or surgical interventions depending on the severity and underlying cause.Rate this question:
- 28.
Coxa vera/valga is not something you develop in adulthood.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Bones must be very pliable.Rate this question:
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- 29.
During development, if a person has COXA VARA, the knee may develop a compensatory anglulation called
Correct Answer
genu valga
genu valga (bow legged)Explanation
During development, if a person has COXA VARA, the hip joint may have a decreased angle, causing the knee to compensate by angulating outward. This compensatory angulation is known as genu valga, commonly referred to as "bow legged."Rate this question:
- 30.
During development, if a person has COXA VALGA, the knee may develop a compensatory anglulation called
Correct Answer
genu vara
genu vara (knock kneed)Explanation
During development, if a person has COXA VALGA, the knee may develop a compensatory anglulation called genu vara or knock kneed. This means that the person's knees will be closer together and their legs will bow outwards. This condition can occur as a result of various factors such as bone deformities or muscle imbalances. Genu vara can lead to problems with walking and may require medical intervention depending on the severity of the condition.Rate this question:
- 31.
A medial rotation of the femoral shaft in relation to the head and neck of the femur is known as the
Correct Answer
angle of torsionExplanation
A medial rotation of the femoral shaft in relation to the head and neck of the femur is known as the angle of torsion. This refers to the degree of twist or rotation that occurs in the femoral shaft, which is the long bone in the thigh. The angle of torsion is important because it affects the alignment and function of the hip joint. It can impact the biomechanics of walking and running, as well as contribute to issues such as hip impingement or instability.Rate this question:
- 32.
The typical angle of torsion is
Correct Answer
12°
between 8-25°Explanation
The typical angle of torsion is 12°, and it can range between 8-25°. This means that in most cases, the angle of torsion is around 12°, but it can vary within the range of 8-25° depending on the specific situation or object being analyzed.Rate this question:
- 33.
A pathological increase in the angle of torsion is called
Correct Answer
anteversionExplanation
Anteversion refers to a pathological increase in the angle of torsion. This means that there is an abnormal forward rotation or twisting of a body part, typically a bone or joint. It can occur in various parts of the body, such as the hip or uterus. Anteversion can cause functional impairments and may require medical intervention or surgical correction depending on the severity and location of the condition.Rate this question:
- 34.
A pathologic decrease in the angle of torsion is called
Correct Answer
retroversionExplanation
Retroversion refers to a pathologic decrease in the angle of torsion. Torsion is the act of twisting or rotating, and in this case, it refers to the angle at which an organ or structure is twisted. Retroversion specifically indicates a decrease in this angle, suggesting that the organ or structure has rotated backwards or in a posterior direction. This term is commonly used in medical contexts to describe abnormal anatomical positions or alignments.Rate this question:
- 35.
Femoral anteversion can result from abnormal forces on the femur during growth. Give an example.
Correct Answer
w sitting
"w" sittingExplanation
Femoral anteversion refers to an inward rotation of the femur bone in the hip joint. This condition can occur due to abnormal forces exerted on the femur during growth. One example of such a force is the sitting position known as "w" sitting. "W" sitting involves sitting on the floor with the knees bent and the legs rotated outwards, resembling the shape of the letter "W". This position places excessive inward rotation on the femur, potentially leading to femoral anteversion.Rate this question:
- 36.
TOE TEST! Normal = ______ toes. Anteversion = ______ toes. Retroversion = _______ toes.
Correct Answer
2; too little; too many
2; too few; too manyExplanation
The correct answer is 2; too few; too many. In normal toe test, there should be 2 toes visible. In anteversion, there are too few toes visible, and in retroversion, there are too many toes visible.Rate this question:
- 37.
Femoral retroversion can result from abnormal forces on the femur during growth. This is more common in:
Correct Answer
obese childrenExplanation
Femoral retroversion refers to the abnormal rotation of the femur bone. It can occur due to abnormal forces exerted on the femur during growth. Obese children are more likely to experience these abnormal forces because their excess body weight puts increased stress on their bones and joints. This can lead to the development of femoral retroversion.Rate this question:
- 38.
Too many toes: this is example of femoral retroversion.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
knee cap is pointing straight ahead in midstance!Rate this question:
-
.png "Too many toes: this is example of femoral retroversion.")
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Mar 14, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Sep 13, 2014Quiz Created by
Laurynashley
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